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A CONCISE 


pSTORY OF THE WAR. 

DESIGNED TO ACCOMPANY 

P E K RI N E ’ S 
TsTEW 

or THE 

SOUTHERN STATES, 


WITH AN . * 

"TRODUCTION AND STATISTICAL APPENDIX, 

• COMPILED FROM AUTHENTIC SOURCES. 


LT.-COL. JOHN S. BISHOP, 

108th U. S. C. T. > 


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INDIANAPOLIS, IND.: 

CHARLES 0. PERRINE, PUBLISHER. 







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Entered according to Act of Congress, in the year 18G4, 

By CHARLES O. PERRINE, 

In the Clerk's Office of the District Court of the United States for the 
District of Indiana. 

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Stereotyped at the 
Fraaklitt Type Foundry, 
Cincinnati. 








INTRODUCTION 


The student of history must pause at this period in the history 
of the American Republic to contemi)late one of the most extra¬ 
ordinary rebellions that ever occurred against the constituted 
authority of any government—a rebellion foul in its conception 
and relentless in its prosecution. Ilis mind will naturally revert 
to the days of the Revolution, when we were but a handful, 
struggling for independence and for a position among the nations 
of' the earth. All then were united in the common cause. 
*itanding upon the broad platform of equal rights, and avow- 
i, the j)rinciple of self-government, that independence was 
av deved; and the fathers of the country, profiting by the les- 
B07 i of the past, established a Constitution which bound tho 
hiinerto independent colonies in one indissoluble Union. Under 
’’ protecting segis of this Constitution, the American Republic 
rusned on to a pinnacle of greatness unparalleled in the annals 
of the world. State after State was organized, until thirty-fivo 
stars made brighter the efl’ulgence of a new constellation. The 
genius of America points yet to that vast, almost unbroken 
West, where new States are to be carved out to take their place 
in the confederacy, the compeers of their elder sisters. Such 
j has been the rapid progress of this nation, that the mind is lost 
I ii^ contemplation of its grandeur and its vastness. At the begin¬ 
ning of the present century, it scarcely attracted attention in 
Europe, and was, probably, as little thought of in the delibera¬ 
tions of diplomatists as Holland or Belgium. At the close 
of 1860 it stood like a Titan, feared by the world, and occupying 
a larger share of foreign thought than did France, clothed in 
the dazzling magnificence which the matchless genius of the 
First Napoleon threw over the empire. With a far more fertile 
territory than Rome possessed, even in her palmiest days—with 
a people whose obstinate bravery and fiery, irresistible valor 

(V) 





vi 


INTRODUCTION. 


fully equaled the famed virtue of the Roman, whose skill, judg¬ 
ment, and genius were not surpassed by the M’orld-famous mind 
of the Greek—it was no wonder that the United States of Amer¬ 
ica were as much feared as Rome herself had been. The proud 
title “I am a Roman citizen” found its counterpart in the 
expression “ I am an American.” 

In the second war with Great Britain—the Republic yet in 
its infancy—the world saw, with astonishment, a raw, undis¬ 
ciplined army overthrow her boasted veterans, and an im¬ 
promptu navy wrest from her the scepter of the seas. The 
Mexican and various Indian wars passed over the Republic like 
a summer cloud, in the sunshine of her prosperity. 

From a small strip of territory lying' along the Atlantic, 
having a population of less than three millions in 1776, the 
census of 1860 gave us a country three millions square miles in 
extent, and a hardy, ingenious, and industrious population of 
nearly thirty-two millions, an increase unparalleled since the 
world began. 

And yet, amidst all this grandeur and prosperity, there were 
found those, unmindful of their country’s honor or their own, 
who, in the madness of thwarted ambition, endeavored to pull 
down this fair temple of liberty, to build upon its ruins a gov¬ 
ernment where they might rule supreme—who sought to rend 
that flag under whose protecting folds they had grown rich 
and pros 2 :>erous. 

The elements of sectional agitation were first manifested in 
1819, in the ai)plication of Missouri for admission into the 
Union. The attention of thoughtful men of both sections was 
then attracted to the danger. Mr. JetTerson said “ it came upon 
him like the sound of a fire-bell in the night.” The danger 
was averted. In 1832 the insidious doctrines of Calhoun had 
found many advocates, and nullification reared its head A 
Jackson then was President, and choked the monster. Find¬ 
ing themselves foiled in this direction, the leaders took up the 
question of slavery—a question on which a large majority of the 
people of the North were opposed to them-as a pretext for a 
disruption of the Union. They lost no opportunity of inflam- 
iufi the Southern mind and of demanding concessions from the 


INTRODUCTION. 


) 


vi: 


Bovernment. Many of their arguments found color in the acts 
of a party of extremists in the North, and thus they were 
enabled more securely to pave the way for the accomplishment 
of their nefarious designs. Agitation was kept up, crimination 
and recrimination followed, until, finally, it culminated in open 
^ resistance to the Federal Government and its flag, singularly 
simultaneous throughout the whole of the Southern Slates, and 
the humiliating spectacle was presented to the world of a 
President-elect of a free republic fleeing by night, and in dis¬ 
guise, to avoid a crowd of assassins thirsting for his life, into 
the Federal Capital, to assume the reins of government, which 
(had nearly slipped from the grasp of an imbecile old man. 
^ And yet, with all our strength and vast resources, the inaugura¬ 
tion of Abraham Lincoln found us really weak—weak not in 
i the will to do, or the capacity to endure, but in the actual 
1 power to resist invasion or quell rebellion, should either, as was 
most likely, occur suddenly. Our army, scarcely ever number- 
ing over fourteen thousand effective men—the smallest, per- 
I# haps, in the world—was scattered over thousands of miles of 
; frontier, beyond the reach of immediate concentration, save 
I here and there a small garrison in an unfinished fort. Our 
p arsenals and armories were emptied, and arms and munitions 
: of war sent beyond our reach, by a treacherous Cabinet officer, 
1 whose duty it was to guard well the national defenses. Our 
I navy, few vessels of which were fit for service, were dismantled 
: or scattered over the globe by another. Our treasury had 
! been plundered by a third unscrupulous accomplice of the con- 
jyapirators. One-third of the officers of the army and many in the 
■ navy had thrown up their commissions, and had arrayed the>m- 
selves against that flag which had so long floated grandly and 
triumphantly above them, and many more were disaffected. 
^.These things being accomplished, the traitors avowed their 
purposes. State after State seceded, and arrayed themselves in 
arms, fondly imagining that this show of power was all that 
■^■was necessary to awe the country into the recognition of their 
independence. The patriotic mind of the North refused to yield 
^0 their intimidations, and the country was launched into the 
''vortex of civil war. 

When the fall of Fort Sumter was announced, and the heart 



Tin 


INTRODUCTIOIT. 


th 


of the nation, in the electric intensity of the excitement, for a 
moment ceased to beat, a disinterested and calm looker-on 
would have said, that never was there a country, in its* hour 
of direst need, so poorly prepared as was this for such a gigantic 
task of quelling and crushing the rebellion. But he would have 
been of those who do not comprehend the genius of our institu¬ 
tions. We had required no legions of armed men, stationed 
here and there, for our protection. We had not needed a thou¬ 
sand frov^ning ships of war to guard the sea-girt coast of the 
Republic, smiling with happiness, peace, and plenty. The 
Stars and Stripes floated grandly and proudly over the whole 
country, and the flaunting of its folds thrilled the heart of its 
people. The true army and navy were in the genuine, indom¬ 
itable patriotism of the American people. Wrapped up in 
trade and commerce, seemingly devoted to the business of 
money-getting, there was yet in the American heart a spark 
of chivmlry—part of his inheritance from the race whence hej “ 
sprung—that needed but some such sacred breath as the call of 
his country to fan it into a quenchless flame. He paid no hire¬ 
ling army to protect himself or his rights, for he knew, when 
the time came that they were invaded, his own good arm was 
the keenest sword—his own dauntless bosom the most irnpreg-^ 
nable breastwork his country could erect. Such were those who, 
at New Orleans, overthrew thrice their number of the flower of 
the British army ; and that succession of triumphs from Mata- 
moras to the halls of the Montezumas was won by volunteer 
arms. Such a state of things could exist only in a republic. 

At the first sign of invasion or of wrong, the republican citizens 
of Athens threw down the pen of the scholar and the tools of 
the artisan for the javelin of the soldier or the pike of tha 
mariner, and they never failed, save through treachery, tof 
overthrow the regularly-drilled veterans of monarchical Mace- 
don, Persia, or Sparta. So it was with Rome. In the highest 
and best days of the commonwealth, when Rome was a repub;? 
lie and every citizen had a voice in the election of his rulers, 
there was no regular army; but never was Rome in need that 
the citizens did not flock to her standard and bear her eaglea 
aloft in triumph. So with all other republics; and so, to a 
higher and greater degree, in the Republic of the 'West. 


h 





i 


INTRODUCTION. 


tx 


The smoke of the contest had scarcely cleared away, but the 
i partisans of the monarchical theory, grimly exulting in the 
supposed downfall of their rival, maliciously raised the cry, 
The Great Eepublic is goner’ And yet, with that cry still 
^ sounding in their ears—the last reverberations of Sumter 
trembling on the breeze—the slumbering heart of the country 
awoke. From every green hill-side and from every sunny 
plain, from every hamlet and from every farm-house, every 
« town and city in the loyal States, the cry of their country went 
forth, and the citizens rallied to a man, as the clans of the 
Highlands at the slogan of their chiefs. Assailed from within 
/ and without, domestic traitors and foreign foes openly or 
insidiously plotting when and where to strike the fatal blow 
which was to drain her life-blood, the nation threw the 
; gauntlet of defiance to the world, and prepared herself for 
the contest. Kever but once before in the history of the 
world had such sublime and superhuman generosity and 
fortitude been exhibited. When Rome lay prostrate in the 
dust beneath the iron heel of the terrible Hannibal, and 
was bleeding at every pore from his gigantic blows ; when, 
beyond the limits of the old Latin colonies, she had neither 
friend nor well-wisher on the peninsula of Italy; when the 
awful earthquake shock of Cannse fell upon her, trying to the 
very utmost her constancy, and filling her cup of woes and 
trials to overflowing; when, by the terrible slaughter on that 
awful battle-field, every house within the walls, from the proud¬ 
est patrician palace on the Capitolineto the humblest plebeian 
cottage on the banks of the Tiber, was draped in mourning; 
W'hen the very stones were echoing the dreadful cry, Haani- 
hal is at the gates!” amid these things, Rome sent two legions to 
the Scipios, in Sj)ain, as was usual in time of peace, though to 
raise them the city was well nigh drained of men. With tho 
'invincible Carthageuian himself so near the walls that tho 
’ javelin which he threw with his own arm stuck fast in the 
Janiculan gate; with one-fifth her entire male population hav¬ 
ing fallen in battle during the prior two years, Rome sent 
, the regular consular array out of one gate into a distant land, 
while that dreaded foe lay encamped at another. Such an act 
of sublime, unchanging constancy—constancy in her moat 


t 




X 


INTRODUCTION. 


terrible wars—to the laws which were made in times of peace, ! 
and declared to be unalterable, has fixed Itome forever as the 
highest model of manly virtue, and woven such a spell about 
her name, that its bare mention thrills the heart like a battle 
lyric or a clarion call. And, years hence, the historian will 
fondly linger upon this tale of daring fortitude, and compare h 
it with the glorious and unrivaled constancy exhibited by the I 
American Union, at the fall of Fort Sumter, against a deadly 1 
and powerful foe. { 

A more tremendous and terrific picture of the impetuous 
energy of the American people can not well be imagined than 
is presented by the fact, that, in little less than two years, a ' 
million and a quarter of men, who before had no idea of mili¬ 
tary life or matters, wei'e transformed into the most powerful, 
efiective, and irresistible army the world has ever seen ; and our 
merchant marine, hitherto carrying the peaceful fiag of com¬ 
merce to the confines of the earth, sailed gal!ant|v into line, 
and gave us a navy equal to the best in the world. And all 
this done by that patriotism and love of liberty which free insti- ! 
tutions and self-government ever implant in the breast of man. 

The toiling millions of the old world look with anxious eyes 
and agonized hearts toward this country, where they had hoped, 
if not themselves, their children might find an asylum from 
tyranny and oppression—watching the progress of this great 
rebellion, which has already resulted in the dismemberment 
of one State of the Union. “ The result can not be doubted. : 
Twenty millions of freemen, forgetting their divisions, are 
rallying as one man in support of the righteous cause: their 
willing hearts and their strong hands, their fortunes and their ' 
lives, are laid upon the altar of the country. We contend for 
the great inheritance of constitutional freedom transmitted 
from our Eevolutionary fathers. We engage in the struggle 
forced upon us with sorrow, as against misguided brethren, but 
with high heart and faith, as we war for that Union which'"' 
our sainted Washington commended to our dearest atlcctions. 
The sympathy of the civilized world is on our side, and will 
join us in prayers to Heaven for the success of our arms."* i 

B, 


Everett. 





HISTORY OF THE WAR 


OuB record commences with the meeting of the South Carolina Con¬ 
vention, on 17th Deceinl)er. Previous to the Presidential election, the 
Soutlieni leaders, the Southern Senators and Representatives, who fore¬ 
saw the delcat of their candidate and measures he reja'esented, issued 
manifestoes and made violent speeches calculated to arouse the passions 
of the people. Caucuses were held under the very eaves of the Capitol, 
and preparations were made all over the South for the coming conliict. 
The North placed no weight on the boasts and threats of the Southrons ; 
and, rel}ung on the patriotism of the masses of the people, took no steps 
to repel an assault on the government from domestic foes. Some few 
of the leading minds, taking counsel of prudence, endeavored to institute 
measures for the organization of the militia, but they were embarrassed 
in their attempts % the accomplices and secret agents of the con¬ 
spirators. 

After the 6th of November had determined the incoming administra¬ 
tion, the preparatory measures on the part of the Southern traitors were 
prosecuted more ener^eticallv. Cabinet officers scattered the army and. 
navy, and robbed the r^deraf treasury. Governors of the several slave¬ 
holding States and the leading politicians expressed themselves in favor 
of secession as the only means to avert the calamities which they pre¬ 
tended to fear from a Republican administration. Some were for imme¬ 
diate .secession, others for a co-operation on the part of all the slaveholding 
States. The election of a Republican administration, and the danger to 
their peculiar institution in consequence, were to be used as pretexts. 
Many of the more moderate fought against secession for a long time, but 
were finally overwhelmed by the tide and carried with it. 

Committees were appointed by both Houses of Congress to endeavor 
to harmonize the antagonistic efements. They were unsucees.sful. On 
the 8th November, the Palmetto flag was hoisted in Charle.ston. South 
Carolina voted $100,01)0 to purchase arms. On the 10th she called a con¬ 
vention of the people. The United States officers in Charleston resigned. 
Senators Chestnut and Hammond resigned on the 18th. Georgia also 
appropriated $1,000,()(X) to arm the State. Major Anderson was placed in 
command at Fort Moultrie. On the ;ld December Congress met. Presi¬ 
dent Buchanan, in his message, took the position that no State had a 
right to withdraw from the Union, and the General Goverament had no 
authoritv to coerce her if she did. 

Un the 10th Louisiana appropriated $500,000 for military purposes. 
Howell Cobb, Secretary of Treasury, resigned. At an extra session 
of the Cabinet, Pre.sident Buchanan opposed the reinforcement of 
the forts in Charleston harbor; and on the 14th, General Cass, Secre¬ 
tary of State, disgusted with the imbecility of the administration, 
resigned. 

December 17, 1860.—South Carolina Convention met at Columbia, and 
adjourned to Charleston on account the prevalence of the small-pox. 

(11) 








12 


HISTORY OF THE WAR. 


Jan., 1861.] 


18th.—Senator Crittenden offered a resolution in the Senate for certain 
aniendments to the Constitution. j. -rt 

I'jth._Commissioner from Mississippi addressed the citizens of Bain- 

jnorc this evening;. Secession leaders in Charleston declared that the 
forts in the harbor should not be reinforced, (fovernor Hicks, of Maryland, 
refused to receive the commissioner from Missis.sippi. 

2Uth.—South Carolina seceded by a unanimous vote in convention. 
The news of the secession of South Carolina was received throughout the 
South with .manifestations of joy. 

21st.—At New Orleans one hundred guns were fired and the Pelican flag 
unfurled. 

22d.—The Charleston Mercuri/ of this date said: “ The reinforcements of 
the Ibrts, at this time and under present circumstances, means coercion 
—war.” It thought if the foils were not delivered up when demanded, 

“ the people will obey the call for war, and take the forts.” 

2;ld.—At Petersburg, Virginia, a secession pole, one hundred feet high, 
was sawetl down this morning, before daylight, and the flag carried off. 
Immense embezzlement discovered in the office of the Secretary of the 
Interior, at Washington; over §830,000 of the Indian Trust Fund bonds 
were missing. 

24th.—Governor Pickens, of South Carolina, declared that State “a 
separate, sovereign, free, and independent State, with all the rights that 
appertain to a free and independent nation.” Lijgislature of Alabama 
called to meet January 14, to provide for emergencies. Four of the 
South Carolina members announced their withdrawal from the House. 
The Speaker directed their names to be retained on the rqll. 

25th.—Excitement at Pittsburg, Pennsylvania. Citizens^pposed tha 
removal of the guns and small arms from the arsenal, to be sent to the 
South-west. 

2(;th.—Major Anderson evacuated Fort Moultrie and occupied Fort 
Sumter. Tlie guns at Moultrie were spiked and the carriages destroyed. 
The troops and a great part of necessaries, stores, and camp equipage 
were transi)orted during the night. South Carolina commissioners to 
the Federal Government (Messrs. Baniwell, Orr, and Adams) arrived in 
Washington. Mr. Rhett, in the South Carolina Convention, offered reso¬ 
lutions looking toward a Southern Confederacy. 

27th.—Meet'mg in Pittsburg, Pennsylvania. Revenue-cutter William 
Aikin surrendered to the State of South Carolina. Secession meeting in 
Richmond, Virginia. 

28th.—Palmetto flag raised over custom-house and post-office at Charles¬ 
ton. Castle Pinckney and Fort Moultrie occupied by South Carolina 
militia. Governor Hicks refused to convene the Legislature of Mary- 
l.and. 

2<!th.—.John B. Floyd, Secretary of War, resigned, alleging a breach of 
faith on the part of the President. Charleston Courier said Major Ander¬ 
son inaugurated war “ by an act of gross breach of faith.” The Mercta-y 
wanted the act of the removal to Fort Sumter “repudiated by the gov¬ 
ernment, and the troops removed from the fort.” 

.30th.—South Carolina troops took possession of the Ch.arleston arsenal. 

31st.—Strong fortifications ordered by South Carolina, to prevent com¬ 
munications with IMajor Anderson. Senator Benjamin, of Louisiana, 
withdrew from the Senate. General Wool, in a letter to General Cass, 
took strong ground in favor of the Union, and urged that the forts in 
Charleston liarbor be reinforced. 

J.vNUAUY 1, 1861.—Con.siderable excitement in Charleston. Streets pa¬ 
trolled by the military. Preparations being made to take Fort Sumter. 

2d.—United States frigate Brooklyn and another vessel at Norfolk 
ordered to be ready for immediate departure for Charleston. A letter 
received in Washington from Alabama, m which it was stated that, m the 




Jan., 1861 .] 


nivSTORY OF THE WAR. 


13 


event of the firine of a ^;ingle gun in opposition to disunion, "Mr. Lin* 
coin’s life will not iw worth a week’s purchase.’’ Militia of the Oistrict 
of Columbia org.ini/.od. Fort Sumter besieged and communications cut 
olf. Every thing in readiness to open tire on the fort. (Governor Ellis, 
of North Carolina, seized Fort Macon at Beaufort, the forts at Wilming¬ 
ton, and the ai-senal at Fayetteville. 

3d.—Fort Pulaski, at Savannah, Georgia, taken possession of by tho 
Georgia State tr<wp.s. A book opened in New York for the enrollment of 
volunteers. Delaware, by a vote of both Houses, refused to secede in 
accordance with the wishes of Jilississijjpi. 

4th.—Arsenal at Mobile taken by the secessionists—three hundred thou- 
eand rounds of musket cartridges and one thousand five hundred barrels 
of powder were in the arsenal at the time. Fort Morgan, at the entrance 
of Mobile Bay, occupied by Alabama troops. Fast-day throughout the 
United .States. 

.'ith.—Steamer Star of the West cleared at New York, supposed for 
Charleston. Strong secession meeting in Norfolk, Virginia. 

Gth.—Great Union meetin,^ in Chicago, Illinois. Fort Washington, on 
the Potomac, reinforced, horty tuns of powder, shot, and shell sent 
Soutli, by expre.ss, by Southern agents. 

7th.—Major .Vnderson was .sustained Vjy the National House of Repre¬ 
sentatives. Senators Toombs and Wigfall arrested for trea.son, in 
recommending the seizure of the Southern forts. Alabama Convention 
organized. Governor of Virginia .said, in hi.s mes.sage, that he would 
regard the attempt of the Federal troops to pass across Virginia as an 
act of invasion, which must be re|)elled. 

8th.—Forts Caswell and Johnson occupied by North Carolinians ; they 
were afterward evacuated by order of Governor Ellis. Jacob 'I hompson, 
Secretary of the Navy, re.^igns upon learning that the Star of the West 
had saded with troops. Sub-Treasurer at Charleston not allowed to pay 
out any more money. 

S)th.—Mississippi seceded. Intense excitement throughout the State. 
Steamer Star of the West attempted to enter Charleston harbor, but was 
fired upon by the Morris Island battery, when she put to sea again. 
Major .Vnderson demanded of Governor Pickens whether that had the 
sanction of the State government, and was answered that it had. 

lifth.—Fort Bloultne rapidly strengthened. Intense o-xciternent at 
Charleston on hearing that the Brooklyn had been ordered there. 

11th.—The patients, two hundred ami sixteen in number, at the United 
Btates Marine Hospital, about two miles below New’ Orleans, ordered to 
be removed, to give place to a battalion of Louisiana State trooj^s. Union 
meeting at Wilmington, North Carolina. P’lorida and Alabama seceded. 
Abolition meeting in Rochester, New Y'ork, broken nj) by the citizens. 

12th.—Star of the West returned to New York, being nnsnccessfnl. 
Senator Seward made a strong Union speech in the Senate. Fort Bar¬ 
rancas and the Pensacola navy-yard seized by Florida and Alabama troops. 
Artillery posted at Vicksburg to hail boats p.assing on the Mississippi. 

IJtli.—Governor Pickens, of South Carolina, sent to Wasliington for a 
balance of due him as late .Minister to Russia. The department 

sent him a draft on the Charleston sub-treasury. 

lath.—.Major-General Sanford, commanding the 1st Division New Y'ork 
State Militia, tendered the whole of that division for service at one hour’s 
notice. Colonel Hayne, commissioner from South Carolina to Wa.sliing- 
Uni, demanded the withdrawal of the garrison of Sumter. Coast-survey 
bchooner Dana seized hy Florida. 

](g!i._Georgia .seceded by two hundred and eight to eighty-nine— 
Alexander H. Stephens and Herschel V. Johnson voting against the 
ordinance. 

20th.—Jefferson Davis, Senator from Mississippi, withdrew from the 


14 


HISTORY OF THE WAR. 


Feb., 1861.] 


Senate. Bitoklyn (New York) navy-yard threatened. The entire forc.^, 
and the United States vessels in the harbor, wei'e armed. Wendell 
Phillips, at a lecture in Boston, this afternoon, declared himsolf a dis¬ 
union man, and was glad that North Carolina and the other slave State.s 
had seeeiled, and Imped they would all go at once. 

22d.—Sherrard (Jleniens, of Virginia, made a strong Union speech m 
the House of Representatives. 

‘24th.—Charlfc.ston Mercuri/ urged an immediate attack on Fort Surnter. 
United States arsenal at Augusta, Georgia, surrendered to the State 
authorities on demand of the Governor. 

‘2r)th.—Large Union meeting at Portland, Maine. 

2Gth.—Louisiana seceded. Each member of the convention was pre¬ 
sented with a new gold pen with which to sign the ordinance. 

27th.—The Grand Jury at Washington indicted E.v-Secretary Floyd for 
‘maladministration in office, forcom]Jicity in the abstraction of the bonds, 
and for con.spir.aey against the government. 

‘29th.—Captain Breshwood disgracefully surrendered his vessel, the 
McClellan, to the State authorities of Louisiana. Secretary Dix tele¬ 
graphs to Mr. Jones, the special agent at New Orleans, “ th.at if any one 
attempts to haul do\ni the American flag, shoot him on the spot.” 

31st.—United States branch mint ana custom-house at New Orleans 
seized by the State authorities; $511,000 in government funds were cap- 
tiu’ed. 

February 1, 1861.—Tex.as adopted an ordinance of secession, to be sub¬ 
mitted to the people, February 22. 

2d.—Revenue-cutter Lew’is Cass surrendered to the State of Al.abama. 
4th.—iMontgomery Convention organized—Howell Cobb, President, 
otli.—Peace Convention organized at Washington—Ex-President John 
Tyler, Chairman. 

8th.—In the IMontgomery Convention to-day Jefferson Davis was elected 
Provi.sional President, and .Mex.^nder H. Stephens Provisional Vice- 
President ol the Confederate States. Governor Brown, ot Georgia, seizes 
five New York vessels in the harbor of Savann.ah, in reprisal for the seiz¬ 
ure of some arms in New York consigned to Georgia. The vessels wei'e 
afterward relea.sed. The Little Rock (.Arkansas) arsenal surrendered to 
the State of Arkans.as; nine thousand stand of arms, forty cannon, and a 
large amount of ammunition were seized. 

IJth.—Electoral votes counted in the National Congress, and Vice- 
President Breckinridge declared Abraham Lincoln, of Illinois, elected 
President, and Hannibal Hamlin, of Maine, Vice-President of the United 
State.s for four years, from 4th March, 18G1. Eight thousand Sharp’s 
rifle cartridges and ten thousand primers were seized in New York on a 
Charleston .stf'amer. 

18th.—Jeff. Davis inaugurated. 

19th.—Old Fort E earney, Kansas, taken by the secessionists, but after¬ 
ward retaken by a party of Unionists. 

21st.—More vessels seized at Savannah. Montgomery Congress de¬ 
clared the free navigation of the Mississippi. 

22d.—Wa.'^hington’s birthday celebrated in Charleston with great enthu¬ 
siasm. Collector at Charleston gave notice that all vessels from ports 
outside the Confederate States, e.xcept the State of Texas, will be treated 
as foreign vessels, and subject to the revenue laws of the Confederate 
States. 

23d.—Abraham Lincoln, President-elect, arrived in AVashington, hav¬ 
ing secretly left Harrisburg last night to avoid a threatened assassina¬ 
tion. Brigadier-General Twiggs disgracefully surrendered to the State of 
Texas government property in that State to the amount of nearly one 
and a half millions of dollars. 

26 th.—Captain Hill, in command of Fort Brown, Texas, refused to sur- 





March, 186L] 


HISTORY OF THE WAR. 15 

Kinder his post when ordered by General Twiggs, and made preparations 
to defend it. 

27tli.—The Peace Convention submitted seven amendments to the 
Con.'^titution, to the Senate, as a basis oi' adjustment of the present diffi¬ 
culties. 

.Mauch 1, 18i)l.—Brigadier-General Twiggs e.xpelled from the United 
Suites army for treachery to the tiag of his country, in surrendering his 
department to the State of Te.xas. Major Anderson, at Sumter, reported 
the works surrounding the fort nearly completed, and that further delay 
was almost impo.ssible. 

iid.—Revenue-cutter Dodge seized at Galveston by the Texans. 

4th.—Abraham Lincoln inaugurated President of tiie United States. 
Te.xas seceded. 

oth.—General Ifeauregard ordered by President Davis to take com¬ 
mand of tlie forces for the investment of Fort Sumter. The President’s 
Inaugural considered in the South as warlike. 

tith.—Fort Brown. Texas, surrendered by Captain Hill, by an arrange¬ 
ment between him and the Texas commissioners, 
yth.—Tlie army of the Confederate .States established, 
l-ltii.—Florida declared it treason for citizens of Florida to hold office 
under the Federal Government after any actual collision between the 
troops of the State and those of the late Federal Union. 

18th.—Supplies cut otf from Fort Pickens and the fleet in the Gulf, from 
Pensacola. y 

2uth.—Sloop Isabel, at Mobile, ladenr with supplies for Fort Pickens, 
seized by a company of Alaliaina militia. 

22d.—Governor Pettus, of Mississippi, called out one thousand five 
liundred infantry. Dr. Fo.x, a special messenger from Washington, 
visited Fort Sumter. Union meeting at Frankfort, Alabama. 

2sth.—Vote in Louisiana, on the question of secession, was—ayes, 20,448; 
D.ays, 17,2'JG. 

doth.—Missi.ssippi Convention ratified the constitution of the Confed¬ 
erate Smtes by seventy-eight to seven. 

dlst.—Rumors from Charleston very conflicting; it was stated that 
Sumter would be evacuated by the .Id of April. 

Apain 3, 18til.—Reinforcement of Fort Pickens officially confirmed. 
South Carolina Convention ratified the constitution by one hundred and 
fourteen to sixteen. 

4th.—The Virginia Convention rejected, by eighty-nine to forty-five, a 
resolution tor anordinance of secession, to b*e subihitted to the people. 

7th.—Communication between Fort .Sumter and the city prohibited. 
The steamer Atlantic sailed, under sealed orders from New York, with 
troops and provisions. 

8th.— The crLuK approaching. Government was notified that an unarmed 
vessel, which they desired to send to Fort Sumter, would not be per¬ 
mitted to enter the harbor. Government then gave notice they would 
send by force if necessary. Orders were issued to have the entire mili¬ 
tary of Charleston in readiness. At midnight the whole city was aroused 
bv 'the signal guns. State Dejiartment at Washington refused to receive, 
officially, the Confederate commissioners. 

9th.—-Jetf. Davis made a requisition on the State of Alabama for three 
thou.sand men. Steamers Illinois and Baltic sailed from New’ Y’ork. 
Sloop-of-war Pawnee sailed from Norfolk wdth sealed orders. 

]0th.—The floating battery at Charleston was anchored near Sullivan’s 
Island. Seven thousand men were now in the fortificatiens around Sum¬ 
ter. District ofX^olumbia militia ordered to assemble. 

llth.—Ca})itol building guarded by military. Confederate commis- 
tfioners left Washington. Great activity in military circles at the North, 
llth, 2 P. M. —Fort Sumter summoned to surrender. Major Anderson, 


UISTOllY OF TUE WAR. 


H 


16 


April, 1861.] 


in command, replied that his “ sense of honor and his obligations to his 
government” would prevent his doing so. 

lltii, Midnight.—The surrender and evacuation of the fort again 
demanded. Major Anderson replied that his provisions were well-nigh ^ 
exiiau.sted, and he would be compelled to surrender in a few days unless 
supplied. 

liith, 4)4 .A. M.—The rebels opened fire from Fort Moultrie, followed 
by all the1>atteries, which nearly surrounded Sumter. 7 A. M.—Sumter 
replied, and a vigorous fire was keyd up by both parties until (5 P. M. 
Confederates kept up a cannonading during the night. Fort Pickens 
reinforced. 

l.’kh.—At daylight the Confederates recommenced the bombardment j 

of Sumter, in force. The fort held fire until 7 A. 1\I. Luiring the morning ! 

the barracks of the fort took fire several times from the etieets of shells; ' 

wiien the fiames burst forth the Confederates redoubled their energies, I 

and with such etfeet, that at five minutes of one the garrison capitulated. 

15th.—Sumter evacuateil. The garrison were allowed the honors of 
war, saluting their Hag, and taking it and private and company prop¬ 
erty with them. The Federal loss was but one man killed, he* by the 
explosion of the last gun of the salute. He was buried in the fort. It 
was rumored that the Confederate loss was comparatively heavy, Vnit it 
was never fully known. President Lincoln called lor seventy-five tliou- 
sand men for three months, to suppress the insurrection against the 
government, and commanded all insurrectionary combinations to dis¬ 
perse within twenty days. Called an extra session of Congress to meet 
on the 4th of July. The news of the fall of Fort Sinnter aroused the 
people of the North to a just realization of their situation, and a very 
general determination was expres.sed to support the authority of the 

S overnmeut. E.xeited meetings were held m the various cities iji the 
ortii. In New York and Philadelphia great crowds assembled and made 
demonstrations against susjieeted disloyal parties. Newspapers sup¬ 
posed to be tainted with secessionism were compelled to hoist the Amer¬ 
ican tiag. The banks advanced a great deal of money to their respective 
Slates for war yiurposes. Six hundred men of the 25th Pennsylvania 
Militia were sent by Pennsylvania to Washington. 

IGth.—Enthusiav^ni increased. Thirty comj)anies—one thousand seven 
hundred, uniformed and eiyiiipped—rejiortedat Ro.ston shortly after noon. 
New York State appropriated (100,000. Delaware decla'red for the 
Union. The Governors of Kentucky, Virginia, Nortli Carolina, Bli.ssouri, 
and Tennessee refused to furnish troops to the Federal Government. 

The. Confederacy called for thirty-two tliousand men. 

17th.—Tlie steamer Star of the West, with her cargo, seized by the 
Texans at Indianola, Texas. Washington guarded by a strong military 
patrol and by artillery. Virginia adopted., by eonve'ntion, by a vote o'f 
sixty to fifty-three, the oi'dinanee of secession, to be submitted to the 
people. Governor Letcher vecomiized Virginia as one of the Conle<lerate 
States; he ordered Norfolk harbor to be obstructed. P'orces were sent 
secretly to seize the armory and other government buildings at Har- 
pei’’s Ferry, Virginia. Jelf. Davis otters to issue letters of marque and 
reprisal. 

18th.—Kentucky, divided in her allegiance, agreed to remain neu¬ 
tral. Tlie dctachmettt of tlie 25th Pennsylvania Militia, under Colonel 
Cake, and a small force of regulars, entered Washington. Tliese were 
the first volunteers who entered that city for its defense. Lieutenant 
Roger .Jones, of the United States army, destroyed the government 
buildings at Harper's Ferry and their contents, to* prevent tlieir fallin,® 
into tlie hands of the Confederate forces. Public jiroperty .seized 
by order of Governor Lotchar of Virginia. Major Anderson arrived in 
Isew York. 



April, 1861.] 


HISTORY OF THE WAR. 


17 


19tli.—The Gth Massachusetts and 7th Pennsylvania Militia had 
a tight with a mob in Haltiniore. Tiiree soldiers were killed and eight 
vrounded. Of the mob, nine were killed and three wounded. Twenty- 
one thousand dollars raise*! in ten minutes in the (Jhamber of Commerce 
oi ^Vi’ew ) ork. I'roinleut Lincoln declared a blockade of the r>oultiera 
ports, (jieneral Patterson took command ot the Department of Wash- 
•ngton. governor Hicks ami M.iyor Drown, of Dakimore, notified the 
Pre.'ident that troops passing throuiih Dakimore would have to tight 
their way. Pliihcielphia a])pr*ij>ri;ited ^l,!)U(J,0U0 for war purposes. Tha 
Mew \ork 7th Uegiment leit that city with forty-eight rounds of 
b.ill-eartridge. Ijieutenaut .Jones and his eommanii reached Curlislt^ 
Pennsylvania, having marched thirty miles the jirevious niglit. 

giJth.—The Baltimore moirs succeeded in cliecking railroad travel from 
the Morth, by destroying various draws and bridges. Great mass meet¬ 
ing in Mew York. Southern merchants repudiate their debts to the 
Morth. The ar.senal at Lilierty, Missouri, seized by rebels. Governor 
Letcher orfered $.50,h,)0 fur the* jiatent of the bullet-rnold. He learned 
tiiat " no money could purchase it against the country.” Gosport navy- 
yard, with all us contents, was destroyed liy Commander McCauley, to 
prevent their use by the secessionists. The sloo{»-of-war Cumberland 
Was .saved to the government. The loss to the government was about 
fiity millions of dollars. 

•2*lst.—The Pliiladelphia, Wilmington and Baltimore Railroad taken 
possession of by tlie governiiieiit.' Branch mint at Charlotte, North 
Carola^, seized by Governor Elli.s. American Hag publicly buried at 
Meinpliis, Tennessee. Robert E. Lee, formerly of the United States 
armv, ap})ointed hy Governor Letcher as commander of tlie (Conleder- 
atej'miliuiry and naval forces of Virginia. Governor Ellis, of North 
Carolina, called out thirty thousand troops for State defen.se. New' York 
City voted one million of dollars for eipiipmeiit of volunteers and sup¬ 
porting their families. West Virginia declared for tlie Union. Fayette¬ 
ville (North Carolina) arsenal surrendered to the State. Arkansas took 
possession of the arsenal at Napoleon. 

2.Jd.—Some of the Louisiana parisne.s voted ten thousand dollars to 
equip tlie Confederate I'orees, and pleilged lifly thoiuc-^nd dollars a year 
for the .same purpo.se. Martial law'proclaimed in Baltimore. General 
Butler took military [lossession of the .\nnapolis and Elk Ridge Railroad, 
disregarding the jirotest of (Tovcnior Hicks. 

21tli.—Cairo, Illinois, occupied by the 7th and 10th Regiments of 
Illinois Volunteers. Governor Lekdier ordered the release ot all private 
property e.vcept tlie steamers .Jamestown and Yorktown. 

•2.Ah.—Colonel E u'l Van Dorn, of the Te.xan troops, captured four 
hundred and tikv United State.s trooiis, under Major Sihley, at Saluria, 
Te.xas. Fort Smith, .Vrkan.sas, taken pos.session of by State troops, under 
Sen.aLor Borland. Captain S. D. Sturgis made his escape with two com¬ 
panies of cavalry, with liorsos, equipments, and provisions. The Sioux 
and Cliippewa Indians olfered the .services of three hundred warriors. A 
detachment of Illinois troops, under Captain Stokes of the regular army, 
suGCoedeil iu removing, from tlie arsenal at St. I^ouis, about twenty 
thousand stand of arms, hesi<ies one lumdro<i and ten thousand car- 
trid>'Gs, camion, eipiipments, etc., and conveyed tliein to Springfield, 
llliimis. 'I'he ste.amer Cili.iwlia seized at New Orleans tiy (fovenior 
Moore, and afterward released hy the Cnnfeiiorate Government. Now 
York 7th Regiment of .Mil tia arriveil iu W.ashington, vin Anna|ioli.s. 

c.jth.—More trooj^s reached Wasliiiigton. The Capita! declare*! safe. 

27(li._The ports of Virginia and Nortli Carolina iirdiided in the. block¬ 
ade. Tlie steamer C. E. Hillman, from St. Jjoui.s for Nashville, was 
abandone*! bv lier officers near Cairo. One thou.sand kegs of powder and 
various other contraband articles were found on board. ^ 

2 


18 


HISTORY OF THE WAR. 


ay, 1861.] 


28th.—Lights and buoys on the Potomac River and Chesapeake Btf” 
destroyed by tlie Confederates. 

•2i)th.—Maryland refused to secede by a vote of fifty-three to thirteeii 
Governor Harris, of Teniie.ssee, ordered the seizure of seventy-five thou¬ 
sand dollars in bonds and five thousand dollars in coin belonging to the 
United States. Three steamers seized by Governor Moore, of Louisiana. 

Mat 1,18i)i.—Governor Black, ofHebraska, called out volunteers for the 
Union. Tennessee seceded by an ordinance passed in secret ses-sion. 
The bodies of Luther C. Ladd, of Lowell, Sumner H. Needham, of Iv«i\v- 
rence, and Addison O. Whitney, of Lowell, of the Oth Mas.sachusetts, 
killed at Baltimore, were received at Boston with full military lienors. 

2d.—The ODth New York Militia, Colonel Corcoran, reached Wash¬ 
ington from Annapolis Junction. Ellsworth’s Eire Zouaves andved in 
Washington. 

3d.—Tile 1st New Jersey Brigade left that State for the seat of war. 
Connecticut appropriated §2,uou,uou for military purposes. New York, 
Pliiladelpliia, and Boston informed of a plot to burn tiiose cities. Four¬ 
teen companies of Kentuckians ottered llieir services to the Federal Gov¬ 
ernment. 

4th.—lM.ajor-General McClellan placed in command of the Department 
of Ohio, comprising Ohio, Indiana, and Illinois. President Lincoln calls 
for 42,034 volunteers for three years, 22,714 for the regular army, and 
18,000 seamen. General Bragg reported 0,000 men at Pen.sacola. Phumix 
Iron-works, at Gretna, near New Orleans, cast the first gun for the Con¬ 
federate navy. It was an eight-inch Dahlgren. 

5th.—General Butler took military possession of the Relay House. 
Raleigh, North Carolina, crowded with Confederate volunteers. 

Gth.—Virginia became a member of the Confederate Btates by a vote, 
in secret session, of the Confederate Congress. Arkansas seceded. 

7th.—Union meeting at Kno.vville, Tenne.sseo, and Union Hag raised. 
A serious riot occurred, and two men were severely injured. The 1st 
Massachusetts Volunteers—three-months men—enlisted for three years. 
The contributions of the North amounted this day to $23,275,000. Mili¬ 
tary league, otteiisive and tlefensive, with the Confederacy, ratified by 
the Legislature of Tennessee. 

8th.—The Harnet Lane captured a Confederate privateer in Chesapeake 
Bay. 

yth.—The President of the Southern Confederacy authorized to raise 
such force as he might deon expedient. 

loth.—Major-General R. E. Lee commissioned, by the Confederate 
Secretary of War, as commander of the Confederate forces in Virginia. 
President Lincoln ordered all otticers of the army to subscribe anew the 
oath of allegiance. Captain Tyler, of the 2d Dragoons, s])iked ten guns 
nt Fort Kearney, Kansas, to j)revent their use by the rebels. Captain 
Lyon eajAured Camp Jackson, near St. Louis, commanded by Brigadier- 
General D. M. Frost, of the Missouri Militia. The camp was so suddenly 
and so completely surrounded, that the troops there w*ere surprised and 
compelled to an unconditional surrender. Kix hundred and thirty-nine 
prisoners and a large quantity of arms and munitions of war were cap¬ 
tured. The mob attacked the Federal forces, but were fired upon, and 
hventy-two killed and many wounded. This act saved the city and the 
Btate from being forced out of the Union. Captain Lyon was promoted 
to be Brigadier-General for his gallant conduct on this'occasion. 

11th.—The Union Home Guards of St. Louis fell into confusion and 
panic, and fired upon the crow<l, which had followed them with noisy 
demonstrations, and from which a pistol was discharged into their ranks. 
Seven were killed and many others wounded—some mortally. The 
frigate Niagara blockaded Charleston. 

12th. —The ship General Parkhill, of Liverpool, was captured by the 




May, 1861 . J 


HISTORY OF THE WAR. 


19 


J^iagara. The reheJs attempted to rlestro}’ the Monocacy iron biidge and 
the naek of llie Northern (Jeniral Kaiiroad. 

loiJi.—lieiu'i’al Butler took po-syessiou of Baltimore. The steamer 
Pawnee anchored otf .\le.>:andi-i;i, Virginia. Major Morris, in command 
at Fort McHenry, refused to obey the writ of habeas corpus issued by 
Judge Giles, of Baltimore. Union Convention oi’ganized in Wheeling, 
Virginia. The jiroject of a divi.sion of the State was discussed, t^ueen 
Victoria issued her iiroclamation of neutrality. 

l-ith.—McClellan and Fremont Hjipoiuted ^iajor-Generals in the regular 
service. General Harney, at St. Louis, denounces the niilitary bill of the 
Missouri Legislature as unconstitutional, and an indirect secession ordi¬ 
nance. Ross Winans arrested. General Butler, at Baltimore, seizes a 
large quantity' of arms destined for the rebels. 

loth.—James G. Bennett, jr., of New York City, and T. P. Ives, of 
Providence, Rhode Island, commi.ssioned as lieutenants in the revenue 
service, and their private yaclits accepted by the government for that 
service. 

Itlth.—General Butler commissioned as Major-General of Volunteers. 
Southern express matter searched, by order of the government, and all 
articles contraband of war seized. Arlington Hights, opposite Washing¬ 
ton, fortitied. 

17th.—Large quantities of secreted arms and ammunition seized at 
St. Louis by United States Marshal Rawlings. Confederate Congress 
authorized the issue of ?(Xi,(H»u,000 of bonds, payable in twenty years, at 
eight tier cent, interest, and 3 : 20 , 0 () 0,000 treasury-notes not bearing inter¬ 
est. iJarper’s Ferry fortitied by the rebels. 

18th.—Arkansas admitted into the Southern Confederacy. General 
Butler placed in command of the Hepawment of Virginia, comprising 
Virginia east of the Blue Ridge and North and South Carolina; head¬ 
quarters, F’ortress Monroe. The light-ship of the Che.sapeake recap¬ 
tured from the rebels, and brouglit to Washington without loss or injury. 
A number of blockade-runners .seized and contiscated. 

10th.—United States steamers Thomas Freeborn and Star attacked the 
batteries at Sewell’s Point—two men slightly wounded. Ship Argo, from 
Richmond for Bremen, laden with tobacco,'seized by the Minnesota. 

20th.—By order of the government, United States Marshals seizeil the 
records of the telegraph ottices throughout the North. North Carolina 
seceded. Governor Magoffin, of Kentucky, announces that Kentucky 
will remain neutral. 

21st.—Convention between General Price, of Missouri Militia, and Gen¬ 
eral Harney, United States army. General Price to preserve the pub¬ 
lic peace if General Harney made no demonstration. More arms seized 
at Baltimore. Jetf Uavis signed the repudiation act of the rebel Con¬ 
gress. Senator Rous.seau, of Kentucky, denounces secession before the 
Legislature of that State. The Confederate Congress adjourned at Mont¬ 
gomery, Alabama, to meet at Richmond, Virginia, 20th July. 

22d.—Josepii E. Jolm.-icon, (Quartermaster-General, and one hundred 
and eleven other officers, resigned from the United States army. The 
government destroyed the fortifications at Ship Island, Gulf of Mexico. 

2:id.—The United States frigate Mis.sissipjn cornjielled to return to 
Boston for repairs, her machinery having been tampered with by secret 
enemies of the government. 1st and 2d Ohio Volunteers arrived in 
Washington from their eneamjmient in Pennsvlvania. Batteries of 
Whitwortli guns reached New York from the loyal .Americans in Europe. 
First Confederate flag captured at Alexandria by William MeSpedon, of 
New York City, and Samuel Smith, of Queen’s County, New York, 

2-lth.—Thirteen thousand United States troops entered Virginia from 
the District of Columbia. The 11th New York Volunteers (Fire Zouavesb 
under Colonel Ellsworth, landed at .Alexandria. The Colonel, deacena 


20 


HISTORY OF THK WAR. 


June, 1861.* 


ing from the roof of the Marshall House, where he had captured a rebel 
flag, was instantly killed by tlie landlord, one James Jackson. Jac-kson 
was almost as instantly killed by Corporal Brownell, of the Coloner.s 
party. IMissonri State troo])s refused to disband. Kentucky olTered her¬ 
self as mediator. 

2.')ih.—Hampton Bridge, near Fortress Monroe, taken possession of 
by United States troops. $8,1191,000 of the treasury loan awarded at a 
rate of interest not exceeding seven ])er cent. 

2ijth.—New Orleams blockaded by the Brooklyn. The Confederate pri* 
vateer ('.alhonn captured the scdiooners John Adams and Mermaid, of 
Provineetown, Massachusetts, and the brig Panama, of Boston. They 
had been whaling in the Gulf, and were laden with about two hundred 
barrels of oil. Po.stmaster-General Blair suspended postal facilities in 
the rebellious States alter the Jlst inst. 

•27th.—General Cadwallader refused to obey the writ of habeas corjyus 
issued in the case of John Mcrryman, confined in Fort McHenry. Brig- 
adier-(dcneral McDowell took command of the Federal forces in Eastern 
Virgini.a. “ Contrabands'’commenced to come within the lines at Fort¬ 
ress Monroe. General Butler refused to return them. Mobile block¬ 
aded. 

28th.—Savannah blockaded. General Cadwallader ordered to be 
arrested by Judge Taney for eontem])t of court. The Marshal reported 
that he coidd not gain admittance to the fort. 

29th.—Davis arrived at Richmond. Miss Dix accepted a? chief of 
hosj)ital nurses. Very enthusiastic Union meeting at Paris, Fram^e. 

8uth.—N. P. Banks, of IMassaehusetts, as Major-General, ami Robert C. 
Pchenck, of Ohio, as Brigadier-General of Volunteers, were appointed by 
President Lincoln. The nth Indiana Volunteers passed through Cincin 
nati. The Brooklyn captured, at the mouth of the IMississippi, the bark 
H. J. Spearing, loaded with $l'2(),U(iO worth of cotiee. Grafton, Virginia, 
occupied by tJolonel Kelley, of the 1st Virginia Union troojis. 

Jlst.—The New York 7th Regiment, having enlisted for only thirty 
days, left Washington for New ’liork. The gun-boats Freeborn and Ana- 
costa engage the rebel batteries at .Vcquia Creek. After an engagement 
of two hours, they were eom})ellod to withdraw. 

June 1,1861.—The gun-boats engaged the Acquia Creek batteries again 
this morning. The Ijatteries were silenced, and several buildings in tho 
village were burned by the shells from the gun-boats. Forty-seven men, 
under Lieutenant Tompkins, of the 2d United States Cavalry, surprised 
the rebels at Faiifa.x Court-house. The “ big guns” mounted at Cairo, 
Illinois, and the first thirty-two pound ball was tired down the Mississippi, 
to get the range. 

2d.—Colonel'Crittenden, with 3,000 men, left Grafton, Virginia, on .an 
e.xpedition southward. 

3d.—General Beauregard assumed command of the Confederate forces 
at IManassas Junction. Battle of Philippi, Virgi»ia .—The Confederate 
troops, 1,500 strong, were defeated at Philippi by the Union troops, 
under Colonels Kelley and Lamler. Colonel Kellev was severely 
wounded. The rebels lost fifteen killed. Stephen X. Iiouglas, United 
States Senator for Illinois, died at the Tremont House, Chicago, at ten 
minutes past 9 A. M. His last words were a message to his children, 
telling them to “ obey the Laws and support the Constifution of the United 
States.” His death was universally regretted. Border-btate Convention 
met at Frankfort, Kentucky. 

4th.—Southern journals recommended the employment of slaves in tho 
Confederate fortifications. They agreed not to publish any news in rela¬ 
tion to military movements. Judge Taney, of the United States Supreme 
Court, protested against the suspension of the writ of habeas corpas by 
the President. Louisville, Kentucky, partially blockaded. General Lyoia 






Juno, 1861.] 


HISTORY OF Till? WAR. 


21 


auecee'led General Harney in command of the Department of the West. 
General I’rice, now of the Confederate service, <;iilled upon General Lyoa 
to ratify the agreement between General Harney and himself. 

oth.—Over pounds of ))owtler in Baltimore taken by the govern¬ 

ment from liie agents of povvtler comjianies. 

6th.—New Voriv Chamber of Commerce awarded medals to the defend¬ 
ers of Forts Sumter and I’iekens. 

7th.—General Twiggs ordered the occupation of the IMartello Tower, 
near New Orleans, to oppose the landing of United States troops. The 
11th Indiana (Zouaves), under Colonel Levv Wallace, passed through 
Cincinnati. 

Sth.—Wagon and foot-bridges on the Upper Potomac destroyed, by 
order of Confederate General Johnston. Sanitary Commission authorized 
and organized. The Confederates destroyed four bridges on tlie Alexair 
dria, Loudon and Hampshire Railway. A large quantity of arms seized 
at Easton, Matylatul, by military authority. North Carolina ratilled tl4 
Constitution of the Confederate States. 

0th.—Rhode Islaml vol^mteers constructed a floating bridge across tha 
Potomac, at Georgetown, District of Columbia. $10,0<10 worth of military 
goods seized froih the .Vdams Ex)>re.ss Company. The Union troops 
commenced moving up the Peninsula of Virginia. 

loth.— Buttle of Biij Bethel —I'liree regiments of Union troops, from 
Hampton, Virginia, under General Pierce, moved, about midnight, to 
attack the rebels at Big Bethel; the advance and main body mistook 
each other for enemies, and tired, killing two and wounding nineteen. 
This alarmed the rebels, and an intended surprise was foiled. After a 
fight of two hours’ duration, the Union forces were compelled to with¬ 
draw. Major Winthrop and Lieutenant tJrebel, both able and gallant 
officers, were killed, with eleven others ; thirty were wounded and sev¬ 
eral missing. Rebel los.s unknown. 

11th.—The Indiana Zouaves, Colonel Lew Wallace, surprised a body 
of 500 Confederate troops, at Romney, Virginia, and routed (hern, killing 
two and wounding one .seriously. The expedition returned to Cmnber- 
land, Maryland, forty miles distant. 

12th.—Confederate flag at Columbus, Kentucky, hauled dowm by the 
captain of the steamer City of .Alton, and brought to Cairo. Governor 
Jackson, of Missouri, called out 50,000 of the State militia, ostensibly for 
State defen.se, but really for rebellious purposes. Attempts made to 
poison troops at Washington City. 

IJth.—Large and enthusiastic meeting in Delaware. Fast-day in the 
Confederate States. 

1-tth.—John Dix commissioned Major-General of Volunteers. Har¬ 
per’s Ferry evacuated by the rebels, alter destroying the bridges and all 
the stores they could not remove. Governor Jackson evacuated Jetfer- 
Bon City, Missouri. 

15th.—Genend Lyon entered Jefferson City. 

ITtli.—Wheeling Convention (fifty-six members present) declaretl for 
the Union. Skirmish at Edw'.ards’Ferry. Street tight in St. Louis; six 
Becessionists were killed and many wonndeil. fienend Schenck, in com¬ 
mand of a reconnoitering party of Ohio troops, w’as surprised by a masked 
battery, near Vienna, Virginia. General Lyon attacked anil defeated the 
rebels under Governor Jackson, at Booneville, Missouri, capturing large 
quantities of military stores. Losses not known. 

18th.—Balloon ascension, for military purposes, from Washington. 
Pre.sident Lincoln received the first rnes.sage ever sent from a balloon. 

I9th.—John Ross, the Cherokee chief, urged neutrality upon his nation, 
reminding them of tlieir obligatioivs to the government. Skirmish at 
Cole Camp, Missouri; Confederates defeated, with a loss of fifteen killed, 
twenty wounded, and thirty prisoners; Union loss, forty. The Corned- 





22 


HISTORY OF THE WAR. 


July, 1861.] 


erates at Philippi, Virginia, dispersed. Liberty, Missouri, with a number 
ol'eecessioiii.sts and valuable military stores, captured by a detachment 
of United States regulars. Rebels from Romney, Virginia, burned the 
railroad bridge at ISiew Gi’eek, and cut the telegraph at Piedmont. 

20th.—First field telegraph laid by Engineer li. I. Rogers, between 
General McJJowell’s head-<iuarter.s and his advanced guard and the War 
Department. Tiie machinery of the United States "steamer Colorado, 
while at sea, was discovered to have been tampered with. Cornelius 
Vanderbilt olfered his vessels to the government at an appraised value. 
Frank H. Pierpont chosen Governor of Virginia in jdace of Letcher, 
deposed. 

21st.—East Tennessee Union Convention, at Greenville, Tennessee, 
declared their attachment to the Union, and opposition to the Confed¬ 
eracy. 

22d.—Governor Magoffin, of Kentucky, and General Buckner stated that 
General McClellan had agreed to respect the neutrality of Kentucky, but 
that the Union troops would expel the rebels from the State, should they 
enter, if the State itself did not do so. 

2;fd.—The Confederates destroyed, at Martinsburg, Virginia, forty-ei"ht 
locomotives, valued at S'hthjUUO, the property of the Baltimore and Ohio 
Railroad. General McClellan assumed command, in person, of the forces 
in Western Virginia. 

2fth.—Rebel oattery at Matthias Point attacked b}'the United States 
gun-boat Pawnee and the tender James Guy; forty inen landed, under 
cover of the guns, and removed all the stores. A spy was arrested in 
W'.ashington with full plans of the defenses of the city. Major S. D. 
Sturgis, with 1,800 regular and volunteer troops, left Ivansas City for 
South-west Missouri. 

20th.—Genei’al McClellan denied Buckner’s statement. Colonel Gor¬ 
man’s 1st Minnesota passed through Baltimoi'e tor Washington. Cor¬ 
poral Hayes and twelve men, of the llth Indiana Zouaves, attacked forty 
Confederate cavalry and routed them, killing eight men and capturing 
seventeen horses ; "the Confederates, being reinforced by about seventy, 
returned the attack, but were met with such firmness that twenty-three 
of them fell. The small force of Unionists then separated, and returned 
singly to camp. Corporal Hayes was slightly wounded and one private 
killed. 

27th. -General Banks arrested and imprisoned, in Fort McHenry, 
George P. Kane, Marshal of Baltimore. General Fremont arrived in 
Boston from Europe with a large quantity of arms. Captain James H. 
Ward was killed in second attack on Matthias Point. 

28th.—Peace petitions .seized in New York City as incendiary docu¬ 
ments. Skirmishing at Cumberland and Wheeler Gaps, East Tennes¬ 
see, between the Confederate infantry and the Union men of East 
Tennessee. 

20th.—Captain Raphael Semmes, with the Confederate privateer Sum¬ 
ter, ran the blockade at New Orleans. The steamer St. Nicholas cap¬ 
tured by the Confederates. Skirmish at Bowner’s, West Virginia. The 
Confederates drove out the garrison at Harper’s Ferry. 

3()th.—Confederate IMaJor-General (Bishop) Leonidas Polk assumed 
command of his division, at Memphis, Tennessee. Skirmishing daily 
and hourly in the neighborhood of the Capital. 

.July 1, 1861.—Governor Harris, of Tennessee, placed a blockade at 
Mitehellsville. to prevent goods passing that point going north. Rebels 
routed at Buckhannon, Virginia. Governor Clark, of Texas, declared it 
treasonable to pay <lebts due the North. 

2d.—General Patterson crossed the Potomac at Williamsport, Mary¬ 
land, and advanced against the Confederates under General Jackson. 
The Confederates opened fire with four pieces of artillery. The Con- 






July, 1861 .] 


HISTORY OF THE WAR. 


23 


federates retreated, leaving their dead and wounded on the field. The 
Unionists lost two killed, several wounded, and captured large quantities 
ot blHnket.s and other stores from the enemy. The Legislature of West 
\ irginia was organized to-day. Governor Pierpont seized ^27,00U belong¬ 
ing to the .State of Virginia, in the Exchange Bank of Weston. 

—General Lyon left Booneville for South-west Missouri. Military 
Board of Arkansas called out lu.tKiu men to fletend the .State. 

4th.—Congress met. The President recommended the raising of 
41)0,000 men and iH(M),00O,0O0. Union meeting in Louisiana City,. Alis- 
souii. Conlederate tlag torn down and burned in Louisville, Kentucky. 
Skirmishing at Harper’s Ferry, across t)\e river. 

oth.— Battle of Carthaye, Misnouri. —The Confederate troops, under Gov¬ 
ernor Jackson, marching toward Carthage, were met by Colonel Sigel, at 
tlie head of t,500 men, at Briers’ Forks, seven miles north of that place. 
A fight ensued. After two hours’ fighting the Confederate ranks were 
broken and their artillery silenced. Rallying again, they attempted to 
outtiank Sigel, who, discovering it, feigned a retreat, which drew tlie 
enemy into a compact mass, when .Sigel opened fire right and left with 

f treat slaughter. Sigel finally fell back to Carthage. 'I'he Confederate 
OSS estimated from three to five hundred. Union loss thirteen killed 
and thirty-one wounded. Skirmisli at Kewport News, Virginia. 

6th.—Major-General Fremont assumed command of the Western 
Uepartmeut; head-qu.arters at St. Louis, Missouri. 

7th.—.An infernal machine discovered in the Potomac River, near 
Aequia Creek. Skirmish at Great Falls, Virginia. 

8th.—General Banks took possession of two steamers at Baltimore. 
Fort .Sumter heroes ordered to Washington. The old flag went with 
them, as “ they would have no luck in the company without it.” Cap¬ 
tain Taylor, of tlie Confederate army, bearer of a scaled letter to Presi¬ 
dent Lincoln, from Richmond, arrived at .Arlington, ami wafs conveyed to 
Washington. He returned without an answer. General Scott jirohibited 
the transmission of military intelligence by telegraph. 

!}th.—1st Maryland (Union) Regiment le/t Frederick for Hagerstown, to 
loin the army. John S. Carlile and W. T. AVilley chosen iTnited States 
Senators by the new (Wheeling) Virginia Legislature. 

10th.—Loan bill of Si!o0,000.(K)0, at seven per cent., pas.sed the House. 
The Henate pas.sed the bill authoiizing the enlistment of 500,000 men, 
and voting §500,000,000 for the “ suppression of the rebellion.” Brig:idier- 
General Anderson was jwesented, by the citizen.s of New York, witli a 
commemorative gold medal. Fight near Monroe Station, Missouri, 
between a small force of Unioni.sts, under Colonel Smith, of the ICth 
Illinois, and a large force of Missouri State troops, imder Brigadier-Gen¬ 
eral 'rom Harris. 'I’he rebels were finally repulsed, and fell back to 
Monroe. 'I’he Unionists coming up, the rebels were again defeated. 
Smith then took shelter in the academy, and sent to Quincy for rein- 
forcement.s. Skirmish at Laurel Hill, V’lrginia. General McClellan 
attacked General Pegram, drove him from his rifle-pits, and, with fne 
loss of one killed and three wounded, comiJetely routed the wliolo rebel 
force. 

11th.—The reinforcements sent for by Colonel Smith, at Monroe, IHis- 
souri, arrived at dusk, under command of Ex-Governor Wood, of Illi¬ 
nois; and, falling upon the rebel rear, completely routed them, killing 
several, and ea|i»turing seventy-five prisoners, one gun, and several 
horses. None ol the Federals were killed. St. Louis State Journal sup¬ 
pressed bj’ General Lyon. Buttle of Rich 3lov>itain .— 'Three thousand 
Confederates, under General Pegram, strongly intrenched at Rich IMouiit- 
ain, were attacked by General IMcClellan’s forces. General Ro.secran.s, 
with three Indiana arid one Ohio regiments, tr.a'ie a cimuit of the camp, 
and by 3 o’clock P. M. attacked the camp in the rear. After a fight of an 



24 


HISTORY OF THE WAR, 


[July, 1861. 


hour and a half the Confederates were defeated, losing “ all they had, 
with sixty killed and a large number wounded. Ko.seerans lost twenty 
killed an^ forty wounded. During the night the rebels retreated toward 
Beverlv. , ^ ^ , 

VJth.—General McClellan, by a forced march, occupied Beverly. Col¬ 
onel Pegram, wilii UUU men, surreiniered to General McClellan uncondi¬ 
tionally. Skirmish at Barboursville, West Virginia. Two regiments of 
Union troops organized in New Mexico. 

kith.—Fight at C:irrick’R Ford. Hebei Genenal Garnett was killed and 
his troops scattered. The Union loss was thirteen killed and forty 
wouudeii. 

lllh.—Privateer Sumter heard fi'om. She entered Cienfuegos, Cuba, 
on the Gth iiist., with six brigs and two barks as prizes. 

15th.—Skirmi.sh at Bunker Hill, near Martinsburg, Virginia, between 
General I’atterson’s advance and the rebel cavalry under Stuart. The 
Confederates were defeated and driven two miles. McDowell’s army 
commenced moving. 

IGth.—Skirmish at Millsville, Missouri. The Union army, 50,000 strong, 
moved toward IManassas. President Lincoln authorized to call out 
600,000 men. Loan Ijill passed the House. 

17th.—The Union cavalry ativanced to Centerville. Fight at Scarey- 
town, We.st Virginia, between 1,.500 men of General Cox’s brigade and the 
Contederates. The Unionists were defeated, owing to reinforcements 
not arriving in time. 

18th.—Ah engagement took place at Blackburn Ford between a recon- 
noitering party ot General McDowell’s army and the Confederates. After 
a fight of a few hours the Federals were ordered to withdraw, having 
acconipli.shed their object. Skirmish at Harrisonville, Missouri, lasting 
four hours. 

19th.—Major R.awlings killed near Hampton, Virginia. General Banks 
takes command of the Dcjiartineut of the Shenandoah ; head-quarters in 
the field. Cajkain-General of Cuba released the Sumter's prizes. 

20th.—The Confederate Congress met at Richmond. 

21.st .—Hattie of Hull Hun .—At 5 A. M. the Federal army broke camp at 
Centerville and moved ui)on the rebel works in five divisions, com¬ 
manded respectively by General Tyler and Colonels Hunter, Heintzel- 
mau, Runyan, and lililes. Richardson’s brigade of Tyler’s division was 
ordered to make a feint by way of Blackburn Ford, while the remainder 
of that division moved by way of Stone Bridge, stiongly defended by the 
rebels with artillery. Heintzelman’s division, by cutting a road through 
the woods, took position on the Rum about midway between Tyler and 
Hunter. Miles’ division was held m reserve at Centerville, and to check 
any attempt of the rebels to turn our left flank, and Runyan’s was seven 
miles nearer Washington. Both Tyler and Heintzelnian, by making 
feint attacks, engaged the enemy’s attention, while the main body under 
Hunter made a detour to the right. After passing Cub Run, and crossing 
Bull Run at Sudley’s Springs, three iniles above, they attenii)ted to turn 
the enemy’s left flank. This had, in a measure, l>een accomplished, 
when the enemy, finding the attack on his right was only a feint, com¬ 
menced to strengthen his left. This being perceived, Heintzelman was 
ordered to press his attack to prevent this movement of troops. He 
succeeded in driving back the enemy from the bridge far enough to 
allow Sherman and Keyes’ brigades of Tyler’s division to cross over and 
drive the enemy’s right. This being accomplished, the balaia-e of Tyler’s 
division crossed, and the engagement became general along the whole 
line. After a severe fight ot over six hours, when the Federals had 
nearly won the field, and the enemy almost disheartened, the rebels 
were reinforced by Johnson’s army irora Winchester, who threw them¬ 
selves en masse on our “ight. The suddenness raid strength of this onsot 



Ang., 1801 .] 


HISTORY OP THH TrAR. 


25 


on onr exhanstod forces, and in the niicist of the security felt on a field 
so nearly won, was sutiicieut to create disorder, whicli,' in spite of all 
the etlbrts of the otficeiv, resulted finally in a panic. The Union forces 
engaged did not exceed •iu,(RK); while that of the rebels was, according to 
tiieir own accounts, 4U,uou on the field and about 2o,00(i in reserve at 
Manassas .Iun>;tion. t.nir loss, in killed, wounded, and missing, was 
reported by (»eneral Mct)owell at2,7U8; that of the enemy, admitted by 
themselves, at 1,‘JU2. After the battle Colonel Enstein, w'ith the 27tn 
Pennsylvania, brouglit od six pieces of artillery which had been aban¬ 
doned in the retreat. William Tillman (negro) recaptured the schooner 
S. J. Waring from a rebel jn-ize crew, and brought her to New York. 

22d.—General McClellan ordered to the command of the Army of the 
Potomac. The tlonfederates dispersed at Forsythe, Missouri. Uoso- 
crans appointed Brigadier-General of the regular army. 

2;i<l.—i.th Massachusetts Regiment agreed to remam ten days longer. 
Colonel Sickles, with the 1st Excelsior Regiment, left New York. 

24th.—[Major Lynde, United Surtos army, disgracefully surrendered 
Fort Fillmore, New Mexico, with all its contents. Eighty thousand vol¬ 
unteers are ollered to and accepted by the government. 

25th.—Mis.'ouri State Convention met atJelterson City and deposed the 
State ofiicers and the Legislature, and repealed certain bills. General 
liosecrans assumed command in West Virginia. General Co.x drove the 
Confederates from Charleston, West Virginia. Three-mouths men all 

f one home. General b'reniont assumed command at St. Louis. Robert 
'oombs, Confederate Secretary of State, resigrie<l, and was succeeded by 
K. M. T. Hunter. The Resolute, of the Potomac fieet, arrived in Wash¬ 
ington with three prizes and valuable information concerning the move¬ 
ments of the rebels along the river. 

2tJth.—The privateer Sumter had captured, up to this date, nine ves¬ 
sels, of various .sizes, belonging to loyalists. Skirmish at Lane's Prairie, 
near Rolla, Mis.souri. Pennsylvania reserve corps, strong, under 

[Major-General 3IcCall, entered the field. Philip Kearney appointed 
Brigadier in the regular service. 

27th.—Resolution, approving of the acts of the President, submitted in 
the United States .^enato by Senator Andrew' .Johnson. 

28th.—Colonel Mulligan,'with a battalion of Union troops, attacked the 
Confederates in ambu.'m at Mount Pleasant, jMissouri, and took two cap¬ 
tains and twenty-six privates jnisoners. The Confederates threatened 
Newport News, Virginia. Thanksgiving-day in the Confederate States. 

29th.—The Confederate batteries at Acquia Creek were attacked by 
four vessels of the Potomac flotilla—no injury inflicted on any of the ves¬ 
sels. Cotton not allowed to be brought to IMomphis, as it would offer a 
temptation to the Union troops to .attack (he city. General Cox announced 
“ the Kanawha Valley now' clear of Confederat'e troops.” 

doth.—Government clerks at Washington resigned, on account of the 
ordinance of Virginia prohibiting her citizens holding office under the 
Federal Government. 

,31st.—Cincinnati ajipropriated §2.3,000 forthe benefit of soldiers’ families 
from Hamilton County. General Pope placed the whole of Northern Mis¬ 
souri under strict military jurisdiction. General Bcott ordered that the 
houses, tombs, and property at Mount Vernon should be respected under 
any and all eircumstance.s. Missouri State Convention chose H. U. 
Gamble, Governor; W. P. Hall, I.ieutenant-Governor; and 31. Oliver, 
Secretary of State. Ex-Lieutenant-Governor Reynolds boasted that he 
would restore the original government of the State. 

.■\UGUST 1, 18G1.— Scouts returned to Cairo, Illinoi.s, .and reported New 
Madrid stz'ongly fortified. PTemont’s expedition left St. Louis for Bird’s 
Point. 

2d.—Fremont’s expedition reached its destination to-day. General 

3 



26 


HISTORY OF THE WAR. 


[Aug., 1861. 


Lyon’s forces had a fight with the rebels, under Ben McCulloch, at Due 
Springs, nineteen miles south-west of Springfield, Missouri, and defeated 
them with lu-tillery and cavalry; Union loss, nine killed and thirty 
wounded; Coniederate loss heavy. Tariff and tax bills passed Congress. 

3d.—The steamer George Weems, of Baltimore, seized by the Balti¬ 
more police, for carrying military stores destined for the rebels. Confis¬ 
cation act passed the House, bkirmish at Messilla, New Mexico; the 
Unionists were victorious. Forts Breckinridge and Buchanan, Arizona, 
destroyed. 

5th.—Schooner Dart and steamer South Carolina exchanged shots 
with the rebel batteries at Galveston, Texas. General Lyon fell back to 
Springfield, Missouri, in face of an advancing Confederate force of 20,000 
men. Skirmish at Athens, Missouri. 

(jth.—Galveston reported captured. Extra session of Congress closed. 

7th.—A body of Confederate troops, under General Magruder, failing 
to draw the Union troops into an engagement, entered the town of Hamp¬ 
ton, Virginia, and entirely destroyed it by fire. Prisoner’s from the 
privateer Petrel, sunk olt Cliarleston by the United States frigate St. 
Lawrence, reached P’ort Mifflin. 

8th.—F. K. Zollieotfer appointed Brigadier-General in Confederate 
service. Office of Democratic Standard, at Concord, New Hampshire, 
destroyed by soldiers. The Confederate Congress refused to aecede to 
that part of the Treaty of Paris of 1856, abolishing privateering. Skir¬ 
mish at Lovettsville, Virginia; rebels defeated. 

9tli.—General Lyon aseerhained that Ben McCulloch, with about 22,000 
Confcxlerates, were encamped on Wilson’s Creek, nine miles from Spring- 
field, Missouri, and moved against them with only 5,2uo Union troops, 
mostly volunteers; one column, under Colonel Sigel, marched fifteen 
miles in a southerly direction, for the purpose of turning the enemy’s 
right flank. 

loth .—Battle of Wilson's Creelc .—March resumed at 2 A. M. At 6 A. M. 
the battle commenced by an attack of the 1st Missouri Infantry on the 
Confederate camp. Fighting soon became general, and the enemy were 
driven back. At 9 o’clock they returned to the attack; and General 
Lyon, placing himself at the head of the 1st Iowa, whose officers had 
been disabled, was instantly killed by a rifle-ball in the breast. Major 
Sturgis now assumed command. Sigel’s attack was progressing success¬ 
fully; but sujiposing a rebel regiment, which was advancing, were rein¬ 
forcements, he allowed it to approach too close, when its fire threw his 
advance into disorder, and he was driven back, losing five guns. At 
noon the enemy’s camp was discovered on fire, supposed to be his own 
act. Major Sturgis finally fell back, in good order, to Springfield. The 
rebels made no pursuit. The Union loss was 1,235 killed, wounded, and 
missing. The Confederate loss was officially stated at 421 killed and 
1,300 wounded. 

llth.—Colon?l Sigel and Major Sturgis fell back to Rolla, Missouri. 

12th.—Charles J. Faulkner, Ex-Minister to France, arrested in Wash¬ 
ington for treason, in fui-nishing the rebels with arms. Judge Catron, of 
the United States Supreme Court, expelled from Nashville for his loyalty 
to the govei-nment. 

13th.—Cajitain Dayton, with company A, 4th Virginia Regiment, sur¬ 
prised and drove 20(i rebels from near Grafton, Virginia. The banks of 
New York, Philadelphia, and Boston agree to take fifty millions of the 
government loan. 

14th.—Jeff’ Davis ordered tliat all residents of the Confederacy must 
acknowledge the same, or leave it within forty days. Robert Muir, of 
Charleston, cousin to the British consul at New Orleans, arrested with 
treasonable dispatches. Martial law declared in St. Louis by General 
Fremont. TFar Bulletin and Missourian, at St. Louie, suppressed. 



Aug., 1861.] 


HISTORY OF THE WAR. 


27 


15th.—Sixty non-commissioned officers and privates sent to Dry Tor- 
tugas, to work on Ibrtihcations, for mutiny. Colonel Burke, command¬ 
ing Fort Lafayette, refuse<i to obey the writ of habeas corpus issued by 
Judge Garrison, of King’s County, New York. The Judge applied to Gen¬ 
eral Dtiryea for aid in enforcing the writ. He was informed there was 
not sutticient force to take the fort. 

loth.—Colonel Hecker, of Illinois, surprised and routed a Confederate 
camp near Fredericktown, Missouri, capturing several prisoners and 
their camp equij>age. Navigation nearly closed on the Potomac by the 
rebel batteries. $58,000 captured at St. Genevieve, Missouri, by the Union 
troops. 

17th.—Trains on the Hannibal and St. Jo.seph Railroad fired into by 
Confederate rangers ; one Union soldier was killed and several wounded. 
General Pope levied $15,000 as a retaliatory measure, and to prevent 
future occurrences of that nature. 

18th.—Privateer Jeff Davis wrecked on St. .Augustine Bar. Skirmishes 
at Sandy Hook, Maryland, and I’ohick Church, Virginia. Casualties 
slight. 

loth.—Missottri became a member of the Southern Confederacy. 
Two hundrefl and forty fugitives from East Tennessee enlisted in the 
Union army at Camp Dick Robinson, Kentucky. Commerce, Missouri, 
retaken by United States trooj)s. Pierce Butler arrested in Philadelphia 
for treasonable correspondence. Cclonel Dougherty, with 2.50 Illinois 
volunteers, attacked and dispersed tne rebels under Colonel Hunter, of 
Jeff Thompson’s army, at Charleston, Missouri. Union loss, one killed 
and six wounded ; the rebels lost about forty killed and seventeen prison¬ 
ers. The Jeffersonian, at Westchester, Pennsylvania, cleaned out. 

20th.—The Confederates, 4,000 strong, attacked the 11th Ohio Volun¬ 
teers, in their barricades, at Hawk’s Nest, Kanawha Valley, but were 
driven back with great loss. The Convention of West Virginia fixed 
the boundaries of a new State, the question to be submitted to the people 
on the 24th of October. 

21st.—The New York Defense Committee, up to this date, had expended 
$1,().'}8,278 for the various purposes of their organization. President 
Davis authorized to appoint two commissioners to visit Europe. 

22d.— Daili/ News and Day-Book, and other treasonable papers of New 
York, refused transpoitation in the mails. Office of the Christian Observer, 
of Philadelphia, taken posse.ssion of by the United States Marshal. 

2Jd.—Confederate coast-guard seized the light-house and other gov¬ 
ernment property at Key Biscayne, Florida. Governor Harris, of Ten¬ 
nessee, called on the women of the State for conti’ibutions of clothing, 
Dlankets, etc., for the Confederate army. 

24th.—Mayor Berret, of Washington City, arrested and sent north¬ 
ward. Governor Gamble, of Missouri, called out 42,000 men for State 
defense. 

25th.—All the vessels on the Potomac River taken by the government. 
New York Journal of Commerce, Freeman's Journal, and Brooklyn Eagle, 
denied the use of the mails. 

2Gth.—This morning, while at breakfast. Colonel Tyler’s 7th Ohio 
Regiment were surrounded by the Confederates. They rallied, however, 
and cut their way through four times their number; the casualties were 
few. The War Department prohibited the promulgation of accounts 
of military operations. Captain Foote ordered to the command of the 
Westena navy. Hatteras expedition left Fortress Monroe. 

27th.—Skirmish at Ball’s Cross-roads. 

28th.—Great honors paid in St. Louis to the body of General Lyon, 
passing through that city on its way East. 

29th.— Capture of Hatteras Inlet. —After a cannonading of two days, the 
expedition, undei*General Butler and Flag-Officer Strihgham, succeeded 


2S 


HISTORY OF THE WAR 


[Sept., 1861. 


in capturing Forts Clark and Hatteras with their garrisons, who sur¬ 
rendered as prisoners of war, together with large quantities of commis¬ 
sary and ordnance stores. Skirmish at Lexington, Missouri, between 
4.‘i0 Home Guards and 4,500 secessionists; Unionists were victorious. 
Fort Suinton, New Mexico, abandoned and destroyed by order of Col¬ 
onel Canby, United States army. 

30th.—The whole State of Missouri declared under martial law by 
General Fremont. Major McKiustry created Provost-Marshal-Gen- 
eral. 

31st.—Skirmish near Jlunson’s Hill, Virginia. Captain-General of 
Cuba, by proclamation, admitted the Confederate vessels into the Cuban 
ports, promising protection while in port, etc. 

SKri’EMBKii 1, 18G1.—ykirmishes at Bennett’s IMills, Missouri, and 
Boone Court-house, Virginia—casualties slight. Surveyor An hews, at 
New York, seized :ff2,000,o<M) worth of projterty belonging to rebels. A 
prominent rebel officer killed at Munson’s Hill—supposed at the time to 
be Pre.-<ident ].)avis. 

2d.—General Rains met 000 rebels and captured eighty mules belong¬ 
ing to the government, near Fort Scott. Colonel Montgomery pursued 
the rebels about eleven miles, when an engagement ensued. After an 
engagement of two hours the Unionists were compelled to retreat for 
want of artillery. Skirmish at Beher’s Mills, near Harjier's Ferry, Vir¬ 
ginia. Colonel Grossman, with two companies, attacked a snjierior force 
of Confederates at Worthington, Vii'^inia, but were compelled to retire, 
losing two men. 

3d.—PensaAiola dry-dock burned the rebels. The Confederates 
destroyed several bVidges on the Hannibal and St. Jose})h Railroad 
within the past few days. At the Little Platte Rivejf, where the bridge had 
Ix'en burned and weakened, the train fell through ; and out of one hund¬ 
red passengers, .seventeen were killed and si.xty severely injured. 

4th.—The Confederates, under General Polk, took jlossession of Co¬ 
lumbus, Kentucky, thus first invadiu" that State. A naval engagement 
took place opposite Hickman, Kentucky, between the Federal gun-boats 
Tyler and Lexington, and the Confederate gun-boat Yankee. Fifteen 
hundred rebel guerrillas, under Mart Green, attacked Colonel William.s, 
with 1,100 troops, at Shelbina, IMissouri. Williams, having no artillery, 
retreateil to Hudson. Loss slight. Skirmish at Great Falls, Virginia. 

6th.—.4n organization of secessionists at Stralenburg, jy’ow Jersey, 
broken up by United States Marshal. 

(ith.—Confederates detected in erecting a hvo-gun battery at Conrad’s 
Ferry, on the Potomac, but were very earnestly reiiuested* to desist by 
a coliple of shells from the opposite side; they left. General Graiit 
took possession of Paducah, Kentucky, with two I'egiments, in the face 
of a rebel force of 4,000 men. 

7th.—Several nevvspajiers of We.stchester County and New York City 
presented by the Grand Jury of Westchester County as treasonable in 
their teachings. Parson Brownlow asserts his unfailing devotion to the 
American Union. Columbus, Kentucky, reinforced by Generals Pillow 
and Polk with 7,000 men. E. P. Wilder, an engineer, at Newark, New 
Jersey, caught making a rifled battery for the rebels, was arrested and 
sent to Fort Lafayette. 

8th.—Lieutenant Crosby, in the steamer Fanny, captured, off Hatteras 
Inlet, several vessels engaged in contraband trade. 

9th.—Colonel Albert Riist, of .!ykans.as, attempted to surprise the Fed- 
erals at Cheat Mountain, but lo4 his way, and was compelled to return. 
General A. S. Johnston assigned to the command of the Confederate 
Department of the West. 

loth.—Naval eng.agement near Lucas’ Bend, Missouri, between the 
Uuited States guu-bbats Conestoga and Lexington and two Confederate 




Bept., 1861.1 


HISTORY OF THE WAR. 


29 


■ ' gnn-boats, assisted by a sixteen-gun battery on shore. The battery was 

■ silenced, and the gun-boat Vankee escaped capture by runnirg under the 
guns of the battery at Columbus. Buttle of Cum ilex Fervi/. —At o’clock 

' tills morning a battle took place at Carnifex Ferry, (kuiley River, near 
Bummerville, Virginia, between the Confederate army, under Cencral 
Floyd, and the Union l'o’’ces, under (general Rosecrans. The rebels had 
6,uuu men and sixteen guns in position, in intrenchments, almost inac¬ 
cessible. The advance, under Colonel l.,ytle, drove a strong detachment, 
which was encamped outside, into the inside of the fortifications. The 
fight soon became general. Colonel Smith’s Idth Ohio attacked the 
enemy’s left, (his weakest point,) while Colonel Lowe’s 12th Ohio 
I engaged the front. Colonel Lowe was killed at the first discharge. As 
night ajiproached, the fight grew more furious, when Colonel McCook 
led in his German brigade. ISight coming on, the men were withdrawn, 
and slept on their arms. During the night Floyd evacui.led his intrench- 
nients precipitately, and retreated over the Gauley River, destroying the 
bridge and sinking the boats. The Federal Ibrces were too much 
exhau'<ted to lairsue. The Union loss was fifteen killed and seventy 
wounded ; twenty-five prisoners, taken by the rebels at Cross Lanes, were 
reca}>tured. 

11th.—.\ reconnoitering party, under Colonel Stevens, of the New York 
Highlanders, when returning to their camp at Chain bridge from Lew- 
insville, Virginia, were attacked by a strong Confederate force from Falls’ 
Church. The rebel b.itterv was soon silenced by Griffin’s battery, and 
the other force.s were .scattered. The Federals then returne<l to the 
bridge. Union los.s, seven killeil and nine wounded. Rebel lo.ss not 
ascertained, (’onfederate troop.s ordered to leave Kentucky by the 
Legislature,—vote, seventy-one yeas, twenty-six n.ays. President Lin¬ 
coln modified General Fremont’s emanciuation proclamation. 

12th.—Skirmishes at Petersburg, Hinds County, Virginia, and Bl.ack 
River, Missouri. Confederates attacked Cheat Mountain yummit, but 

I were repulsed. Colonel .John A. Washington, former proprietor of 
IMount Vernon, was killed while reconnoitering near Elkwater, near 
Cheat Mountain. 

Idth.—General Sturgis occupied St. Jo.sejih, Missouri. Confedenate 
General .Anderson continued to marcli on the Union Ibrces at Elkwater, 
near Cheat !\Iountain. The Confederates were dispersed by reinforce- 
ment.s coming up to the aid of the Unionists. Skirmishes at Booneville, 
Mis.souri, ana Shepherdstown, Virginia. The rebel gun-boat A'orktown 
attempted to run the blockade of the James River. 

lAth.—Privateer Judith cut out and burned by Lieutenant Russell, of 
the navy. 

i loth.—Colonel Frank P. Blair, Jr., ordered under arrest for using dis¬ 

respectful language when S|)calcing of his superior officers. Fight at 
Pritchard’s ■Milks, near Darnestown, ^Maryland. The Unionists were vic¬ 
torious, with the loss of one killed. Troops left St. Joseph to reinforce 
Colonel Alulligan at Lexington. 

Kith.—Fort Oregon, at Ocracoke Inlet, destroyed by Lieutenants Max¬ 
well and Eastman'. Ship ksland, at the entrance'to Lake Borgne, Louisi¬ 
ana, occupied by Union troops. The Confederates, under General Price, 
commenced the siege of Lexington, which post was held by a small force 
of Unionists under Colonel Mulligan. The assault by the Confederates 
was repulsed with great loss. Large quantities of arms seized in Balti¬ 
more. 

17th.—Affair at ISIari.atown, Missouri. Confederates routed. A train of 
cars, conkaining the 10th Illinois Infantry, were precijfitated down an 
embankment on the Ohio and Mis.sis.‘<ippi Railroad, near Huron, Indiana, 
by the railroad bridge giving way; twenty-.six were killed and one hund¬ 
red and twelve badly iujurea—supposed to be tlie work of rebel sympa- 




30 


HISTORY OF THE WAR. 


[Sept., 18(51 


thizers. Part of the troops intended for Colonel Mulligan were checked, 
for a time, at Blue Mills Landing, Missouri; Union loss, twelve killed 
and eighty wounded. Skirmish at Barboursville, Kentucky—no loss on 
either side. Great Union meeting at Hartford, Connecticut. The IMary- 
laiul Legislature dissolved by the Provost-Marshal—its clerk and several 
members arrested. 

18th.—The Louisville Courier denied the itse of the mails. Fight at 
Barboursville, Kentucky, resumed to-day ; rebels lost seven killed ; one 
Federal soldier wounded and one taken prisoner. 

PJth.—Louisville Courier suppressed, immense Union meeting at 
Bangor, Maine. 

2Uth.— Surrender of Lexington. —After holding out against the Confed¬ 
erates for four days—fifty-nine hours of which the supply of water had 
been cut off—and reinforcements failing to come. Colonel Mulligan 
was compelled to surrender. He had j)reviously offered to meet the 
enemy in the open field—four to one—which GeneVal Price declined. A 
quarter of a million in gold fell into the hands of the Confederates. The 
garrison at Lexington was not above 3,000 men, while the attacking party 
was fully 20,000. During the whole siege the Union loss was but thirty- 
nine killed and one hundred and twenty wounded. The Confederate 
loss was not far from 1,200 killed and wounded. Skirmishes at Fori 
Holt, Kentucky, and along the Potom.ac. 6th Indiana entered Louis¬ 
ville, Kentucky. 

21st.—Confederates, in large force, surprised at Papinsville, Missouri, 
and lost forty killed, one hundred prisoners, and all their camp equi¬ 
page, etc. Gucrrill.as under Mathias, who sacked the town of Humlioldt, 
Kansas, were defeated by troops from Fort Scott. Mathias was killed. 
General Anderson took command in Kentucky. John C. Breckinridge 
joined tlie rebels. 

22d.—General Albert Sydney Johnston assumed command of the Con¬ 
federate 'Western Department. Eight pickets at Elliott’s Mills, eight 
miles from Columbus, Kentucky, dispersed a body of fifty or sixty 
cavalry. Skirmish at Hunter, Alissouri. 

23d.—Ross Winans, of Baltimore, released from Fortress Monroe, hav¬ 
ing taken the oath of allegiance. Confederates driven out of Mechanics- 
burg Gap, near Romney, Virginia. 

24th.—Comte de Paris and Due de Chartres attached to General McClel¬ 
lan’s staff as aids, with the rank of Captains of Volunteers. General 
Prentiss takes command in North-western Missouri. Skirmishing at 
Point of Rocks, Maryland. Confederate cavalry dashed into Warsaw, 
Kentucky, and seized the State arms. 

25th.—Smithland, Kenhicky, occupied by Union troops. Confederate 
cavalry attacked a foraging party at Lewinsville, Virginia, but were 
repulsed. James B. Clay arrested while on his way to join the Confeder¬ 
ate army. Skirmishes at Chapmansville, We.st Virginia', and Osceola, Mo. 

2Gth.—Fast-day, in accordance with the President’s proclamation of 
August 12,1862. Affair at Lucas’ Bend, Kentucky, between the Union 
and Confederate cavalry—Unionists victorious. Cynthiana, Kentucky, 
occupied by Ohio volunteers. 

27th.—-General Fremont’s expedition, consisting of 12,000 men, on 
fifteeti large transports, started up the IMissouri River. Skirmish at 
Shanghai, Benton County, Missouri. Rebels defeated with great loss. 

28th.—Upton’s and Munson’s Hills occupied bv Union troops. A for¬ 
aging party visited the estate of John A. Washington, near Mount Ver¬ 
non, and brought off large quantities of forage. 

20th.—General Price commenced the evacuation of Lexington, Mis¬ 
souri. Colonel Baker’s California regiment and Colonel Owen’s Irish 
regiment, both of Pennsylvania, mi.staking each other for secessionists, 
fired into each other, near Munson’s Hill, and, before the mistake was 


HISTORY OF THE WAR. 


Oot., 1861.] 


31 


discovered, some nine men wei'e killed and twenty-five—including three 
officers—were wouiuled. 

dotli.—Colonel Geary, with a part of the 28th Pennsylvania Volunteers, 
tooii possession of Berlin, Maryland, and shelled the rebels from their 
positions. 

UcTOBEK 1, 1801.—Colonel Lovell II. Rousseau appointed Brigadier- 
General of Volunteers. The United States gun-boat Conestoga cliased 
the Davis” under the guns of the fort at Columbus, Kentucky. 

, John Ro.ss, the Cherokee chief, joins the Confederacy. A slight skir- 
I mish at Edsall's Hill, Virginia. Propeller Fanny cajitured by the rebels 
at Hatteras Inlet. 

2d.—Secession camp at Charleston, Missouri, broken up, and forty 
! taken prisoners. $:i8,(KK» in the St. Ijouis Saving .Association forfeited to 
I the United States, as belonging to the Cherokees, who had Joined the 
Confederates. 3,200 regulars, stationed in Calilbrnia, ordered to the 

JEjiist. 

3d.—General Rejuiolds made a reconnoissance in force from his posi- 
, tion at Clif-at iMountain, and met the Confederate forces, under General 
Lee, at Greenbrier, V.irginia. .After a fight of an hour the Confederates 
I were driven from the ground, with the loss of 300 killed and wounded and 
thirteen prisoners. The Union loss was eight killed and thirty-two 
I wounded. The report of General Fremont’s removal caused great 
excitement in St. Louis. Governor Moore, of Louisiana, prohibited 
cotton being landed at New Orleans. 

4th.—Four hundred Union troops occupied Pohick Cliurch, sixteen 
miles from Alexandria, Virginia. At Alimosa, five miles from Fort Craig, 
New Mexico, a party of Union soldiers, under Captain Mink, were sur¬ 
prised by 110 Texas Rangers. They fell back to Fort Craig, where, being 
reinforced, they pursued and defeated the rebels, killing their captain 
and ten men, and wounding thirty others. Two schooners, with about 
6,000 stand of arms destined for the rebels, captured off the South-west 
Pass of the Mississippi. 

5th.—Four thousand Confederates attacked and drove the 20th Indiana 
from their camp at Chickamacornico, near Hatteras Inlet. The Union 
trooj)s retreated to that i)ait of the island where the light is situated. 
The gun-lx)at .Monticello nastened to their relief, and shelled the rebels 
for four hours, while they were attempting to ernliark in their boats. 
The slaughter is represented as terrible. Night coming on, the gun-boat 
hauled off, and the Confederates, under cover of the darkness, made 
their escape. The frigate Susquehanna remained in range during the 
night. 

0th.—Schooner Alert, flying the Palmetto flag, was captured by the 
steamer Flag, off Charleston, South Carolina. Colonel Rankin, member 
of the Canadian Parliament, who had been organizing a lancer regiment 
at Detroit, Michigan, was arresteil at Toronto, Canada, for a violation of 
the enlistment act. He was subsequently acquitted. 

7th.—Colonel Matthews was compelled to abandon the post at Herman, 
Missouri, information being received of the a])proaeh of a large body of 
rebels. Fifty-seven of the Bull Run prisoners reletused bv tlie Confed¬ 
erates and sent to Fortress iMonroe. General Fremont and .staff arrived 
at Jefferson City, Missouri. Gun-boats Tyler and Lexington, being 
attacked by the rebel batteries above Columbus, Kentucky, returned the 
fire with shell, and did considerable e.xecution in the rebel quarters; the 
gun-boats finally returned to Cairo, Illinois. 

8tii.—General Anderson, on account of ill-health, was relieved of his 
command in Kentucky. Skirmish at Hillsboro, Kentucky; during the 
fight of twenty minutes, the Confederates lost eleven killed, twenty-nine 
wounded, and twenty-two prisoners. Union loss, three killed and two 
wouuded. Rebel picket-guard surprised near Falls’ Church, Virginia. 






32 


HISTORY OP THl? WAR, 


IS61. 

Grand review of artillery and cavalry belonging to the Army of the Poto¬ 
mac, near Washington. 

9th.—Colonel Blair, of the 1st Missouri Artillery, preferred charges 
against General Fremont. Wilson’s Zouaves, (tith New York Volun¬ 
teers,) camped on Santa Ko.sa Island, were attacked this morning, before 
daylight, by 1,’20U Confederate troops from Pensacola. The Unionist.s 
were .surprised, tint, being reinforce<l, drove the rebels to their boats 
with a “ very heavy” loss. The Union loss was iburteen killed, twenty- 
nine wounded, and one (Major Vogdes) taken prisoner. The ship John 
Clark, driven ashore in a storm oil Cape Henry, Virginia, was fired uj»on 
by the Confederate batteries on shore. The steamer Daylight went to 
the rescue, silenced tlie battery, and got the vessel to sea again. 

10th.—Six pickets of the 4th Cavalry ReginKuit, near Paducah, were 
attacked by a large force of reliels. The rebels, being in two partie.s, 
mistook each other for Federal cavalry, and, in the excitement, lied. 
Pirate Sumter heard from among the Wnidward Islands. 

11th.—Confederate steamer Nashville ran the blockade at Charleston, 
South Carolina. Confederate General Twiggs relieved, at ifis own re¬ 
quest, on account of ill-health, of his command at Now Orleans. Mis¬ 
souri State Convention met at St. liOuis. The Platte River bridge bein" 
burned, the crossing had to be made in boats and on rafts, by means ot 
ropes stretched across. Some secessioni.sts had cut the rope, and a raft, 
containing a party of regulars with their families, coming from Utah, 
floated down the stream. It struck against a snag and uiiset, drowning 
several women and children. It was night, and very dark, and they 
were obliged to leave the bodies undiscovered. It was a heart-rending 
sight. 

12th.—Union Convention in Hyde Comity, North Carolina. Confederate 
Commander Hollins apjiointed Flag-Captain at New Orleans naval sta¬ 
tion. Heavy train of quarter-master and commissary stores, destined for 
the Indians, was captured by Captain Morton, at Chelsea, Kansas. 
Steamer Theodora ran the blockade at Charleston, with Mason and 
Slidell on board. Commander Hollins attempted to destroy the Federal 
fleet in the South-west Pass, by means of a ram, tire-ships, etc. He was 
unsucces.sful, as the ves.sels got out of the way of the fire, i'he rebel gun¬ 
boats were beaten off and their ram much injured. The relxds destroyed 
the iron bridge over Green River, on the Louisville an<l Nashville Rail¬ 
road. Figlits in Barren County, Kentucky, near Upton’s, fourteen miles 
south of Elizabethtown, Kentucky, and at Lewinsville, Virginia—Union¬ 
ists victorious. Winfield, West Virginia, was occupied by the Union 
troops. 

lUth.—Three hundred mounted Confederates surprised and routed by 
two companies of cavalry, under Major Wright. Rebel loss, twenty 
killed and thirty prisoners; Union loss, one man killed. Skirmish at 
Beckworth’s larm, near Bircl’s Point, IMissouri. Three thousand bushels 
ot corn, a large number ot horses, mules, etc., were captured at the 
form of Shelby Thompson, an officer of the reliel army. 

14th.—The inhabitants of Chincoteague Island, Accomae County, Vir¬ 
ginia, took the oath of allegiance to the Federal Government. Con¬ 
tinued skirmishing in the neighborhood of Washington. Armed rebels 
slopped and searched the train on the North Missouri Railroad, at 
Rewick; they overlooked a lot of rifles and clothing which were in the 
e.xpress cim. ISIajor Wright, with one company of cav’alry, made 
prisoners of the notorious Rill Robbins iind fort-v-fivo f^uorrillus At Rvun 
Creek, Missouri. Secretary Seward issued a circular to the Governors 
of States on the ocean and lake coa.^t, urging the necessity of puttin«’ the 
defenses in proper conilition against a war with foreign nations, growing 
out of the present rebellion, and promising that the expenses would bo 
refunded by the Federal Government, 




Oct., 18C1.] 


HISTORY OP THE WAR. 


S3 


15th.—Lfirgc naval fleet from New York arrived at Fortress Monroe. 
Ironton, Mis.souri, oecuj)ie(l by Feileral tro()j)s as an important military 
post. United frtate.s steamer Hesolntc took possession of the snip 
Thomas Watson, which, in attempting to run tlie bhadvade at Charles¬ 
ton, run aground. TJie ship and cargo were worth Sl(X),ti(H). She was 
burned. An ati'air took jilace on the Leesburg Tiirn]>ike, iKdween Falls’ 
Church and Lewinsville—two relxds were killed. The portraits of Isaac 
'i'ouce.y and T. II. Seymour removed from the Connecticut Senate Cham¬ 
ber, by a vote of that body, until their loyalty can be substantiated. ,leff 
'i'hompson, with GOU rebels, burned the Jiig Uiver bridge, near Potosi, 
Mis.souri, an<l paroled the guard, forty in number. Skirmish on Green 
River, Kentuck}'. 

Ifith.—Colonel Geary, with 400 men, crossed the Potomac at Harper’s 
Ferry, and cajitured •i0,0oo bushels of wheat stored near that place, 
lii.s return was molested by the Confederates, who, after several hours’ 
lighting, were driven olf, with the Ins.s of a Oii-pounder and a con.siilerablo 
number of men. Union loss, four killeil and eight wounded. Uptothi.s 
date Indiana has furnished men—which is largely in excess of her 

• <|U 0 ta—beside.s twenty-two regiments organizing. Hkirmi.sh at Warsaw, 
Mi.ssouri. Major White, with'l.ao men, reiaiptured Lexington, Mi.ssoun, 
surprising the garrison, numbering 300; they threw away their arms and 
e.scajted. 

17th.—General Nekson, commanding in Kentucky, offered amnesty to 
all in arm.s against the National and State Government.s, if they would lay 
I down their arms and live in ]>eaee. The garri.son at Fredericktown, 

I having been strengthened, attacked the rebels and drove them from the 
t vicinity. Major Wright reached Lynn Creek, Missouri, from Rolla, hav- 
. ing had three severe skirmishe.s on his way. d'ho Confederate .Secretary 
, of the Treasury declined to ]>urchase thel cotton crop of the Southern 
planters, or make an advance on its hyi)othecated value. 

18th.—Unionist.'! attacked at Harper’s Ferry. 

I liHh.—Fight at Hurricane Creek, Carroll Coiinty, Mi.s.souri, between 220 

I Federal soldiers and 400 rebels ; the Confederates were comnletely 
I routed. Major Lynde disgracefully stirrendered Fort Fillmore, Texas, 
to less than one-third the number of the garrison. Major Lynde was 
I afterward di.smiH.sed the service. Schooner Fairfax, with l,ludbales of 
‘ Ijay and otkJ barrels of cement, fell into the hands of the rebels at Ship- 
t piiig Point, on the Potomac. General Wool, at Fortress Monroe, directed 
that every male contraband em}>loyed in his department sliould receive 
eight dollars, and every fem.’ile four dollars, per month. 

goth.—General William F. Smith made a reconnoissance to Flint Hill, 
twenty-nine miles beyond Fairfax Court-hou.^e. Oflices of the Terre 
Ifante (Indiana) Jaurval and Democrat quietly destroyed by the soldiery 
for treasonable sentiments. 

21.st.— Battle, of Ball's Bluff. —Colonel E. D. Baker, with 2,000 men, 

I ero.ssed the Potomac at Harrison’s Island ainl Ball’s Blutf, under orders 
! from General Sbme, to support the reconnois.sances above and below. 
About 4 P. M. tliey were suddenly attacked by a body of 5,000 Confeder¬ 
ates, under General Evan.s. Being overpowered, they were driven Ixrclc 
to the river, and many, for want of means to cross, were drowned or 
slauglitercd on the banks. The Union loss was about 1,000 killed, 
wounded, and prisoners. Colonel Baker fell at the first fire. His death 
was deeply regretted throughout the country. Gemu-al Stone was 
arrested aiid confined in Fort Lafayette, on suspicion of foiil play. The 
land forces intended to form part of the expedition ag.ainst Port Royal, 
South Carolin.a, sailed from Annapolis. Buttle of Frederic How n .—A large 
force of rebels, under .Telf Thompson and Lowe, were attacked and 
defeated at Fredericktown, Missouri, by the Feder.al troops, under Col¬ 
onel Pluinmor, of Indiana. After a fight of two hours the L'otdbderates 



34 


HISTORY OF THE T\'AR. 


[Oct., 1861. 


fled in disorder, nnd were pursued a distonce of twenty-two rtiiles. Gen¬ 
eral Lowe was killed, besides two hundred otliers, .and a large number 
wounded. Union loss, six killed and forty wounded. General Zollicotler, 
with about 7,500 men, def'eateil at Lamp Wildcat,. Kentucky, by the 
Union forces under General Schoepf. Their loss is unknown. Federal 
loss, four killed and twenty-one wounded. 

‘^d.—Flag-Officer Craven reported the Potomac River effectually 
blockaded by the rebel batteries. Reports from Richmond are, that 
General Lee will be compelled to abandon his j)Ositiou at Big tievvall 
Mountain, for want of provisions. 

•2.fd.—General Lander severely wounded during a reconnoissnnce. This 
wound caused his death. Buttle at West Liberty, Kentucky. The rebels 
were routed with great loss of men and material. Rone seriously 
injured on the Federal side. General Nelson took })osse.s.sion of Hazel 
Green, Kentucky, taking thirty-eight prisoners. Fifty men of the (1th 
Indiana whip one hundred rebels at llodgeville, Kentucky. 

24th.—Mason and Hlidell formally received at Havana. Sloop-of-vvar 
Jacinto .signaled by the consul at that port. Correspondence between 
General McClernand, commanding at Cairo, Illinois, and General Polk, 
at Columbus, on the subject of the exchange of some pri.soners, made 
public. President Lincoln suspended the writ of habeas corpus in tho 
JJistrict of Columbia.. West Virginia voted almost unanimously for 
a separation of that part of the State. Skirmish near Campbellville, 
Kentucky. 

25th.—Major Zagonyi, at the liead of about 300 of General Fremont’s 
Body-guard, charged against 2,000 rebels, drawn in line of battle, near 
Bpringtield, and routed them, killing and wounding a great number. 
They then cleared Bpringtield of rebels, and returned. An artillery duel 
was fought at Edwards’ Ferry, on the Potomac. It lasted five hours. 
The Confederate battery was silenced. 

20th.— Battle of Bomnei/, yirgiuia ..— General Kelley, with 2,500 men, 
attacked the Confederate outposts at Mill Creek, about five miles from 
Romney, and drove them upon the main body at Indian Mouml Ceme¬ 
tery, to'the west of the town, w here they made a sUind, and opened with 
twelve-pounder rifled guns, on a commanding position, and a howitzer, 
from the high groumls on the east bank of the river. General Kelley 
ordered a charge upon the batteries, which was being executed in gal¬ 
lant style, when the rebels broke and fled precipitately through the town 
toward Winche.stcr. Meanwhile, Colonel Johns, with 700 men, had been 
ordered to make a feint attack on the north end of the town. His attempt 
to force the bridge over the south branch was ineffectual, part of it hav¬ 
ing been destroyed. Not hearing any further tiring in the direction of 
Romney, he concluded the mam body had been successful, and he 
returned to Oldtown, a distance of twenty-five miles. General Kelley 
took four or five hundred prisoners and a large amount of war material. 
The loss in both parties on the Federal side was two killed and eleven 
wounded. The Kno.xville Whig (Parson Brownlow’s paper) forced to 
suspend by the Confederate Government. Generals Fremont and Sigel 
arrived at >.'j)ringtield, Missouri, amid great rejoicing. Colonel Johnson, 
with thirty men of the 2Sth Illinois, scattered a large force of rebel cavalry 
near Fort'Holt, Kentucky. 

27th.—Fight at Plattsburg, Clinton County, Missouri. 

2Sth.—Four hundred rebels at Dyer’s Mills, near Concord, Missouri, 
agreed to lay down their arms if secured against arrest by the Federal 
Government. The terms were agreed to. Lieutenant Hopkins, of tho 
gun-boat Louisiana, with three boats and twenty-five men, burned three 
large rebel vessels in Chincoteague Inlet. Tho guard were so surprised 
that they did not fire a gun. Military commission .spjiointed by the 
Pvosideiit to examine the tmancial affairs of the We.steru Depaitment. 




1.<0V., 18G1.] 


HISTORY OF THE WAR. 


35 


—Tim great Southern expedition sailed from Fortress Monroe. 
Colonel Hurhrid.iie, with 2.i)0 men and two j)iece 3 of artillery, attacked a 
body of KH) rebels in camp at Woodbury, Kentucky, routed them, and 
burned their camp. 'I'he Richmond Examiner, of thi.s date, triumphed 
in the f;\et that ^l>lson and Slitlell had escaped the Federal fleet, and 
were on their way to Europe. Sece.ssion nn-eting in Russellville, Ken- 
tiickv. Union meeting at the Front Street Tlu'ater, Baltimore. 

.50th.—One hundi'i'd and fifty men from a United States steamer 
attempted to burn the .‘•ehooner Elite, which was stranded on Warsaw 
I.'lainf, near Savannah, out were i)rovented by the Confederate forces on 
Warsaw Island. .John C. Breckinridge, resigned his seat in the United 
States Senato, and entered the Confederatf' service. 

•B-'^t.—Skirmish at .Morgantown, Kentucky. All rebel prisoners in Fort 
Eafiyette removed to Fort Warren. 

Kovioiukr I, 18i)l.—General Scott’s name placed on the retired li.st of 
officers of the army. IMajor-Geiieral George B. McClellan succeeded 
him as General-in-ehief of the armju Colonel Mulligan exchanged for 
Brigadier-General D. M. Frost. Agreement signed by Genei’als Fremont 
and Price for e.xchange of prisoners. Four hundred cavalry routed eight 
hundred Confederates at Kenick, Randolph County, Missouri. Artillery 
fight at New River, a few miles from Gauley Bridge. 

2d.—General iMcClellan received a .sword from the City Council of 
Philadclnhia. The British steamer Bcrimnla, with 1,800 bales of cotton, 
ran the blockafle at .‘^av.annah, Georgia. General Fremont relieved of 
the command of the Dejiartment of the West, and is succeeded by Gen¬ 
eral Hunter. Skirmish at Leavenworth, Mis.souri ; rebels defeated. 
North C.arolina militia called out to repel an e.xpected invasion. 

.3d.—Lieutenant Kuntz, of the United States steamer Flag, released on 
parole, arrived in Washington, to make arrangements fbr exchange of 
jwisoners. 

4th.—Part of the Southem expedition arrived at Port Royal, South 
Carolina. Barboursville, Kentuckv', taken liy the Federals without oppo¬ 
sition. Houston, Texas County, Missouri, taken by Colonel Dodge, and 
a large amount of rebel property, including a rebel'niail, secured. 

f>th.—ITe.stonburg, Kentucky, occupied by General William Nelson. 
Parker H. French, a notoriou.s K. G. C., arrested at Brantford, Connecti¬ 
cut, for treason and forgery. 

()th.—.John C. Breckinridge, Humphrey Marshall, and many other 

f wominent citizens, indicted lor tre.ason by the Gnind .Jury, at Frankfort, 
Centucky. Southern electors for President and Vice-President of the 
Confederacy were chosen throughout the seceded State.s. One hundred 
and twenty Unionists captured by five hundred rebels, at Little Santa F6, 
Missouri. 

7tlT:— Battle of Belmont .— Generals Grant and liIcClern.and, who left 
C.airo last evening, with a force of 2,8.a() men, landed at Belmont, Mis¬ 
souri, at 8 A. M. Immediately forming in line of battle, they advanced 
on the enemy’s carnji, and succeeded, after .a stubborn resistance, in 
driving them'for some distance and burning their camp. The Confed- 
enites being reinforced. General Grant withdrew his army to the boats. 
The advance and retreat were covered by the gun-boats Jje.xington and 
Tyler. Union loss, 84 killed, 288 wounded, and 2.‘yj pri.soners. Confed¬ 
erate loss, 2G1 killed, 427 wounded, and 278 prisoners. General Hunter 
refused to acknowledge the agreement between Generals Fremont and 
Price. Two gun-boats ]»roceeded up the Cumberland River, to within 
three miles of Fort Donclson, on a reconnoissanee. The relx*! battery 
opposite General Rosecrans’ position, on Cotton Hill, New River, Virginia, 
entirely silenced. Bombardment of Port Itoyal, —The Union fleet, after 
several days’ jireparation and reconnoitering, made an attack on Forts 
Walker and Beauregard, commanding the entrance to Port Royal har- 


36 


HISTORY OF THE WAR. 


[Nov., 1861. 


bor; and, aftor a fight of five hours, tlic forts .surrendered, and tho 
national liag again waved in fciouth (Jarolina. 'J' 1)0 action wa.'^ rejire.sentea 
a.s one of tiie nio.st inagnifit^ent of the war, and the liavoc created by the 
sheila from the fleet is deacriV)ed as terrible. Tlie Union loa.s was eight 
killed and twenty-three wounded. Rebel loss heavy. The rebels fled, 
leaving Ijchind them all their jwivatc proi)erty. Beaufort and Hilton 
Head were occupied by the Union troops. 

8th.—Nine bridges burned in East Tennessee by tlio Unionists. Sev¬ 
eral of the Unionists were afterward hung by the rebels. Great e.xcite- 
ment in Charle.ston and Savannah on the news of tlie loss of the batteries 
at Tort Roval. Ca])tain Wilkes, in the .steamer San .Jacinto,, overhauled 
the English mail-steamer Trent, in the Bahama Channel, and took 
therefrom Messi’s. Mason and Slidell, the Confederate commissioners to 
Eurojie. The Court of Inquiry in the case of Colonel IMiles.l'ound him 
guilty of drunkenness on the morning of the battle of Bull Run, Init, on 
their recommendation, no further action was taken in the matter. By 
agreement, the Missouri State militia was placed under the control of the 
United States otficers, for the defense of the State. General Nelson 
marched in two columns against the rebels at Piketon, Kentucky. 

!)th.—General Nelson attacked, in force, tlie rebels at Piketon, this 
morning. At 10 A. M. they made an unconditional surrender. About 
2,000 ])risoners were taken. .Josejih E.. Johnston placed in command of 
the Confederate army in Virginia. 

10th.—General llal'leck ])laced in command of the Department of the 
West. General D. C. Buell appointed to command in Kentucky. One 
luindred anil fifty Federal soldiers were enticed into a house in Guyan- 
dotte, Virginia, and there brutally murdered by the inhabitants, or taken 
Iirisoner.s. The town was afterward burned in retaliation for this out¬ 
rage. Colonel Corcoran was designated liy lot as hostage for the pirate 
Smith, convicted at Philadelphia. Thirteen other olHcers were .set ajiart 
as hostages for the crew of the pirate Savannah. Skirmishing in West 
Virginia w ith Floyd’s forces; he invariably retreated. 

11th.—General Polk narrowlj escaped death by the e.xplosion of a 
J»ahlgren gun, at Columbus, Kentucky. One hundred and ten Kansas 
troops broke up a large rebel camp on the Tattle Blue, near Transas City, 
Missouri. During the last ten days over 14:,0()(> soldiers have been enter¬ 
tained at the Volunteer Refreshment Saloon, Philadelphia. 

12th.—Captain Todd’s comjiany of Lincoln Cavalry was surrounded by 
the rebels w'hile on a reconnoissance with General Heintzelman, near 
Occoquan Creek, Virginia. They cut their way through, but lost three 
killea, one wounded, and three taken prisoners. Another attempt was 
made to break tho blockade of the Missis.sippi, by means of the ram 
Manas.sas and several fire-ships. Several of the blockading fleet got 
aground in their attempts to evade the fire-ships. The rebel fleet was 
finally beaten off. 

IJth.—Governor Harris, of Tennessee, authorized to call out 10,000 
militia for Confederate service. General Zollicotfer retreated to Cum¬ 
berland Gap. Accomac and Northampton Counties, Virginia, occupied 
by Union troops. 

11th.—Jjarge Union meeting in Cincinnati. General Benh-am defeats 
General I'loyd at McCoy’s IMills. Privateer Neva seized at San Fran¬ 
cisco. Artillery and small arms seized at Wilmington and Newcastle, 
Maryland. Govemment buildings ordered to be ljuilt at Port Royal, 
South Carolina. General Geary, with twenty-five men, drove tho 
rebels from opposite Point of Rocks, where they were erecting fortifica¬ 
tions. 

15th.—Fast-day in the Confederate States. General Sumner arrived in 
New York with the regular.s from the I’acific. Ulxportution of gun¬ 
powder and saltpeter from the port of Boston prohibited. Ex-Senators 


HISTORY OF TUB WAR. 


Not., 1801.] 


37 


6\vin atjcl Brent, nnd Cnlhonn Benh.tm, Attoruey-Gciierol of California, 
arrived at New York, ns prisouer.»i, for treason. 

N'loksburg, ilissi.ssipjii, .?jo per barrel. General Paine 
lett 1 aduoalt, Ivent iieky, witli a nuni)jt;r of Union rroojis, in .search of tha 
notorious H. Clay King. IIo was not found ; but the e.xpedition di.sabled 
a ilour-iuill whiidi had betni used by tlie- rebebs. A foraging party of 
the Snth New 1 ork were betrayed, near Upton’s Hill, Virginia, by a 
nian named l>ooiin, at whose farm the men wen; collecting forage. 
Uoolin, who was previously supposed to be a Union man, was ar¬ 
rested. 

f't Cypre.ss Bridge, near Rumsey, Kentuckv; rebebs 
defeated, lo.sing a great many men, together with large (piantitie.s of 
8tore.s. Union loss, ten killed and fifteen wounded. Panic at Charleston, 
on .account of the .surremler of Port Hoyal. British .schooner Adelaidis 
hulen with arms and provi.sii>n.s for the rebels, was captured near Cajie 
Canaveral liy the United States gun-boat Connecticut. Fight near 
Palmyra, Missouri; rebels lost three killed, five wounded, antf sixteen 
prisoners. 

18th.—Confederate Congress met at Richmond. Captain A. II. Footo 
appointed Flag-GfTicer of the Western fleet. Forty-five counties of North 
Carolina repudiated the .sece.ssion of tlie State, a'lul cliose Marble Nash 
Tavlor Provisional Governor. Skirmish at Falls’ Church, Virginia. 
Jen'Fhompsoii boarded and .searched the steamer Platte City, at I’rice's 
Landing, Mis.souri, and hung two tnen a.s spies. 

lOtli.—Skirmish at Wirt’s Court-house, Virginia; rebels defeated. The 
reliel .steamer Na.shvilie captured and burned, in the British Channel, 
the American ship Harvey Birch. Warsaw, Mis.souri, burned by the 
Confederates. Lieutenant Worden, hiken prisoner at Pensacoba while 
carrying dispatches to Fort idekens, exchanged for Lieutenant Short, of 
the Confederate State.s army. The gun-boat Conestoga, on a reoonnois- 
sance up the Tennessee lliver, discovered two batteries, which slie 
Bilenced. 

■2uth.—The stone fleet sailed for Charleston harVx;r. 75,000 men re¬ 
viewed by General McClellan and staff, and about 20,000 spectators, near 
Ale.xandria, Virginia. Miller’s Hotel, Baltimore, .scize<l, and a rebel 
oost-office, in operation there, broken up. Victory at Port Royal cele¬ 
brated all over the country. General Floyd, at Gaulev River, l>ecamo 

f )anic-struck, and suddenly broke camp anb retreated, leaving behind a 
urge quantity of ammnniUon, arms, and camp equipage. 

2l.st.—The Governor of Mi.ssissipjii authorized to call out as many 
militia as was necessary to .«trengtlien the army up the river. 

22d.—Mayor Machtefh, of Charleston, called upon the citizens to aid in 
the defen.se of tlie city. General Huger, of tlie rebel army, in reply to 
General Wool, .said tli'at “bbankets and clothing, noces.sary fbr the com¬ 
fort of pri.soners, might be sent to him.” Camp of the 2d Louisiana Regi¬ 
ment de.stroyed by the United States gun-boats. Fort Pickens opened 
fire on the rebel steamer'Pime, as she was entering tlie harbor, which 
provoked a return from Forts Barrancas and McRae. The firing con¬ 
tinued all day. 

•2.qd.—The'fight at Pensacola harbor renewed this morning. Fort 
IHcRae was silenced. Fort Barrancas and tlie navy-yard much injured. 
The town of Warrington was bunied; Union lo.ss, one killed and six 
wounded. The advance of General Butler’s exjieditioii to New Orleaii.s 
left Portland, IMaine. 

2.}th.—Tybee Island, South Carolina, occupied by Union forces. Skir 
mish at Lancaster, Mi.s.soiiri. General Buckner’s farm, near Munfords- 
ville, Kentucky, occupied by Union troop.s. 

2;5th.—Troops landed at Buckingham, on the main-land of South Caro- 
Itua. General Lee declared Charleston under martial law. Intelligence 




HISTORY OF TFIB WAR, 


38 


[Dec., 1861. 


received of the capture and burning of the Koval Yacht, rebel privateer, 
by a party from the Santee, on the morning of the 8th inst. 

20th.—Cavalry reconnoif^sance to Drainc.sville, Virginia, by Colonel 
Bayard’s cavalry ; al.^io, one in the neighborhood of Vienna, Virginia, by 
Captain Bell. The* West Virginia Convention met at Wheeling, to form 
the new State. Thirty-seven counties represented. Specie payments 
suspended in Louisiana. 

2Tth.—Excited meeting in Liverpool, England, condemning the “out¬ 
rage ui)on the British flag,” in the arrest, on a British steamer, of IMa.son 
and Slidell. The Wheolhig Convention passed a gradual emancipation 
act. The United States authorities assumed control of the commerce of 
the Mississippi and Ohio Rivers. 

28th.—Confederates laid a submarine cable from Fort Moultrie to Fort 
Sumter. Black flag displayed by the Concordia (rebel) Cavalry, at Con¬ 
cordia, Louisiana. General Sherman receit'ed orders to take })OSses.sion 
cf the crops at Beaufort, South Carolina, on military account. Annual 
Thanksgiving-day throughout the North. Virginia observed the first one 
since the formation of the State. 

29th.—Exportation of saltpeter prohibited in England. Skirmish near 
Now Market, near Fortre.ss Monroe. An artillery duel at Harper’s 
Ferry ; no damage done. General Phelps’ Gulf expedition left Fortress 
Monroe. 

30th.—General Price, at Neosho, called for 50,000 IMissourians, to take 
tlie place of those of his troops whose term was about to expire. 
Schooner E. Whittington captured off Charleston with a valuable cargo. 
The Creeks, 1,200 in numbei’, rebelled against the authority of the Con¬ 
federate States. 

Decembee 1, 1861.—Gun-boat Penguin captured the schooner Albion, 
of Nassau, New Providence, while attempting to run the blockade of 
Charleston. She was laden with military stores, valued at S100,000, 
About thirty Union men from Kentucky, beaded by George W. Lytle, 
marched into Huntsville, Tennessee, tore down the rebel flag, and raised 
the Federal flag, and captured five rebel soldiers, and earned them to 
the Federal camps. Skirmish at Morristown, East Tennessee. 

2d.—Confederate journals of Tennessee advocated the hanging of all 
East Tennesseeans who refuse to acknowledge the Southern Confeueracy. 
Three rebel gun-boats attacked Fort Holt, Kentucky; but, finding the 
batteries at Bird’s Point too unpleasant neighbors, retired. A foi’aging 
party of rebel cavalry were attacked by some cavalry from Genenu 
Blenker’s Virigade, at'Hunter’s Chapel, and driven off, with the loss of 
three killed and two prisoners. At 5 o’clock this morning, the rebel 
steamer Patrick Henry canre down the James River to within five miles 
of NciVpbrt News, and opened fire, at long range, on four Union gun¬ 
boats. No damage was done, and the rebel steamer, after a fight or two 
hours, withdrew. Both Ilou.ses of Congress met—confiscation bill pro¬ 
posed by Mr. I’rnmbull. Horace Maynard was sworn in as a member 
from the Second District of Tennessee*. The President requested by the 
House of Representatives to place Mason and Slidell in close confine¬ 
ment, in retaliation for same treatment to Colonels Wood and Corcoran by 
the rebels. 

.3d.—'I’hree hundred rebels, under Freeman and Turner, surprised the 
Union troops at Ralem, Dent County, Missouri. Major Bowen rallied hi.s 
men, and drove the reViels from the towm. A reconnoitering party of 120 
men, from General Parks’ command, were attacked by 30u Confederate 
«;.avalry and a body of infivntry. They succeeded in cutting their way 
througdi, and returned to cainp, losing forty-five, killed, wounded, and 
missing. Henry C. Burnett, member of Congress from Kentucky, was 
expelled from the Hovesg of Repro-sentatives for participation in the 
rebellion. 


Dec., 1801 .j 


HISTORY OF THE WAR. 


39 


4th.—Maryland I..<»gi8laturo organized. Cavalry skirmish near .\nnan- 
d.-ilo, Virginia. M(*iinthi.s Aialauche demanded the rai.sing of the black 
Hag. .John 0. Breckinridge cxiielled from the United rthde.s Senate. 
The Knglish Government prohibited the exportation of gimf>ovvder, 
nitre, nitrate of .soda, bnm.stono, lead, and fire-arm.s. At ttunksbnrg, 
twenty mile.s west of Sedalia, .Missouri, a bofly of returned rebels, from 
General Briee’.s army, were attacked by a body of Union citizens, and ton 
reliels were killed and many others wounded. General Phelp.s’ expedi¬ 
tion landed on Ship Island, Gulf of Me.xico. Federal cavalry burned the 
Whippoorwill bridge, on the Memphis and Louisville Kailro.ad. General 
llalleck, at St. Loiius, oniered all tliose found in arms against the govern¬ 
ment to be contined, and that all spies, whether citizens or others,'should 
be shot; and also ordering all plundered and destitute Union familie.s to 
be nuartered on the secessionists for relief. 

5tn.—Pirate .Sumter at Jlartiniqiie ; but the bay being so wide (fiReen 
miles) she escaped the lroquoi.s, which was watching her. .Skirmish at 
Brownsville, Kentucky. Naval reconnoissance up Warsaw Inlet and 
Wilmington River, Georgia. The reports of the War and Navy L)e- 
jiartments .showed the Union forces, regular and volunteer, seamen and 
marines, to amount to (582,1)71 men. 

Gth.—A drafting commission in Nashville for the Confederate army 
bniken up. 

7th .—A band of rebels, at Independence, Mis.souri, captured and 
paroled several Union citizens, and took the Lexington stage, but after¬ 
ward released it. A naval engagement took place in Mississippi .Sound, 
Gulf of Alexico, between two Federal gun-boats and two rebel armed 
ves.sels, who attempted to run the blockade. Captain Sweeney and his 
band of n*bbers captured near Glasgow, Missouri. 

8th.—Union forces took full j>o3.ses.sion of Port Roy.al Island and the 
village, of Beaufort, South Carolina. Skirmish at Dam No. 5, near Wil- 
1 ian I sport, M ary land. 

yth.—Confederate works at Free.stone and Shipping Points, on th<» 
Potomac River, destroyed by the Hotilla. Adjutant llall, of the 27th 
Missouri, brought into Sedali.a, Missouri, a captured bras.s bund. Tlio 
Governor of .South Carolina calls for twelve-months men for .State 

defense. 'I'he Union Indians had a fight with the Confederates, under 
Colonel Cooper, at Bushy River, in the Indian Territory, 180 miles from 
Fort Smith. 

loth.—The Legislature of Tennessee exjiressed a determination to 
maintain their independence of the old government. 

nth.—Skirmish at Bertrand, Missouri. Many Indians serving with 
the Confederates have returned to their allegiance to the Federal Gov¬ 
ernment, and joined the Union forces ; others have returned to their 
'nomes. Naval reconnois-sance in O.s.sabaw Sound, Georgia. Skirmish .at 
l>am No. 4, near Shar})sburg, Maryland ; the Federals were surrounded 
and captured. Gre.at fire in Charle.ston. 

12th.—Fight at B.agdad, Shelby County, Kentucky. George W. John¬ 
son appointed Provisional Governor of Kentuckv Ijy the Confederates. 
Fight on Green River, Kentucky; rebels retired alter firing one round 
and receiving two. Attempt made to burn Montgomery, Alabama. 

Kith.—Pai'iinsville and Butler, in Bates County, Mi.s.souri, burned by 
(he Kansas volunteers. Battle at Camp Alleghan.v, near Staunton, Vir¬ 
ginia, between General Milroy’s Union force of 7.'>0 men, and General 
Johnston’s rebel troojis, numbering 2,bOU. The fight lasted from day¬ 
light till 3 P. M., when the Union troops retired. Itelicl loss, over tsvo 
li'undred ; Union lo.ss, tlhrtv. The British ship Admiral captureil off 
Si.vannah, Georgia, while attempting to run the blockade. She was laden 
with coal and salt. ' 

lull.—The Earl of Derby suggested to the English Government that 


40 


niSTORY OF THB WAR. 


[Dee., 1861. 


ontTVwd-honml s^hips should Bignalixo any English vessels that war with 
Aniorica was i>robable. 

—Coui't-liouse and post-ofFiee, and part of the town of rlatte City, 
Jlissouri, destroyed by the rebels. 

Kit'n.—Heurv C. burnett and .Judge Monroe sworn in as Senators of the 
(lonfederate, Oongros.s, from Kentucky. Mr. Valiandighain, of Ohio, 
offered, in the National House of Kepresentuti ve.s, a re.solution apiiroving 
of the act of Captain Wilko.s in seizing Me.ssrs. Ma.son and blidell on 
board the Trent. 

lYtb.—Gi-eat excitement in the Unite<t States on account of the threat¬ 
ening tone of the British pre.ss on the arrest of the Confederate commi.s- 
sioner.s. Fight near Munfordsvilie, Kentucky ; rebels lost thirty-tliree 
Pilled—intduding Colonel Terry, command'ing—and fifty wounded; 
Unionists Ic.st nine killed and sixteen wounded. General Tope attacked 
and .scattered a Confederate camp at Cliiliiowee, near Milford, Mis¬ 
souri. 

ISth.—Colonel .Teff C. Davis, with a portion of General Pope’s forces, 
captured, at Milford, Missouri, l,:i00 pri-soner.s; Union los.s, two killed 
and eight wounded. Skirmish near Fairfax Court-hou.<e, Virginia. Con¬ 
federate camps on Edisto island and at Kockville, South Carolina, taken 
possession of. 

I'Jth.—.\n engagement of half .an hour took place, in the morning, be¬ 
tween ColonerOcarv's 2stli Pennsylvania and a rebel Ixattery; the rebels 
were driven otf. The Prilish ship (dieshire, loaded with army blankets, 
colfee, and salt, arrived in New York, in charge of a ])rizo-crew from the 
tleet off Charleston. Charles .J. Faulkner, Ex-BIinister of the United 
btates to France, readied Kichmond. He was enthn.sia.stically received. 

2Uth.—George W. Jones, Ex-Minister of the United States to Bogota, 
iirrcstod and sent to Fort Lafayette. Colonel Mulligan and his command 
thanked by Congress for their defense of Lexington. Battle of Drahies- 
rille. —.\n engagement took }>laee near Drainesviile, Virginia, between a 
foraging party', under Brigadier-General (Jrd, and the rebels, under 
General Stuart. .After a .severe tight of aliout two hours, the rebels 
retreated, leaving fi-om fifty to seventy-five dead on the field, and a great 
many wounded,'besides large quantities of war material. Union loss, 
seven killed and .^ixty wounded. The stone fleet was sunk yesterday 
and to-day on Charli'.s'ton Bar. 

21st.—.Several mail-carriers and rebel agents were arre.sted to-day in 
the vicinity of Wasliington. Soiitliern papens rejoiced at the prospect of 
a war between ICnglancl and the United States. - 
, 22d.—Commissary and ordnance store.s belonging to the Confederates 

destroyed by fire; lo.ss, §1,000,(KX). General Halleek ordered that any 
one conviettxl of bridge-burning should be shot; and that neighborhoods 
should bo held re.-^ponsible for the preservation of railroad and telegraph 
linos, briiiges, etc. Skirmish at NewpoH News, Virginia. 

2;Jd.—Fight in Perry County, Kentucky, between forty-.seven Unionists 
and one hundred and eighteen Confederates; rebels routed, with sixteen 
wounded. 

21th.—Duty rai.serl by Congress on tea, e.olTee, sugar, and mola.sscs. 
fieneml Pope’s cavalry destroyed the ferry-boats .at Lexington, UFissoiiri, 
imd eajitured three ollioers and four men .and their horses. Bluti'ton, 
South Carolina, occupied bv General .Stevens. 

25th.—Two s}’ians of the 'Hannibal and St. Josepli Pailro.ad bridge over 
Charleston Biver, IMissouri, burned by the rebels. Spirited naval alfiiir 
at Mobile, between tlie Confederate gim-J)oat Florida and the Union gun- 
ho.at New London. The Confederate authoritie.s blerv up the light-houso 
on yrorris Lsland, South Carolina. 

2iUh.—.Skirnii.sh at Cohimhi.a, Jventueky; reheks routed and scattered. 
Genoful Scott arrived in New York from Europe. Bi'iggdici’-GeiioniU 


Jan., 18C2.] 


niSTOKr oif Tn« war. 


41 



ton, ainl succeeded in getting to sea. Bridges on the Balinyra (Missouri) 
Iviiilroad burned by tlie reljels. 

28th.—Fi^lit at Mount Zion, Boone County, Missouri, between 4.'i0 
troops, unaer (Teneral i'rentiss, and hOO rebels, under Colonel Dorsey. 


Une hundred and lifly rebels killed and v\'ounded, and thirty-hve prison¬ 
ers ; Union loss, three killed and eleven wounded. IS'inety-live horses 
and lOo guns were captured. The hath Ohio broke up the rebel salt- 
work.s at Fishing Creek, Kentucky. Mason and tflidell released. A 

their 
seven 


squadron of Union cavalry came suddenly upon a body of 70U of Colo 
Forrest’s cavalry, near .South Carrolton, Kentucky. They stood th 
ground for awiiile, but finally retired, with a loss of'one killed and set 
or eight wounded ; the rebels lost about thirty wounded. 

2Utn.—Steamer City of Alton narrowly escaped capture at Commerce, 
Missouri, by a gang of Jetf Thompson’s men, who had previously robbed 
the town. 

3(kh.—The Confederate .Secretary of the Treasury expressed the inatiil- 
ity of the Confederate .States to meet the deniarnfs of the .State of Ten¬ 
nessee for sums e.vpended in the war. Jiight-ship used by the rebels off 
Wilmington, North Carolina, destroyed by a party from the steamer 
Mount V’ernon. The Secretary of War declined to furnish the corre¬ 
spondence between (ienerals Scott and Patterson relative to the conduct 
of the war. 

31st.—Biloxi .and its defenses .surrendered to the Federal fleet. The 
T'ironto Lcailer thought the surrender of Mason and Slidell one of 
the “greatest collapses since the iK'ginning of time.” I'ho Montreal 
Gazette spoke of it as a “ bitter, bitter jiill for the fire-eaters to cram 
down their noi.sy throats.” Specie payments virtually suspended through¬ 
out the North. 

.I.vxu.vKV 1, 1802.—Battle on Port Royal Island; Unionists victoriou.s. 
Fort Pickens opened fire on the Confederate fort.s at Pensacola. Fort 
Barrancas was breached. Warrington was burned. Mtuson and .Slidell 
left Fort Warren for Europe. 

2d.—.Steamship Jilla Warley ran the blockade into Charleston, with .a 
valuable cargo and a hearer of <lisj>atches to the Confederate Covern- 
inent. Skirmish at Port Royal Ferry, South Carolina. Rebel batterie.s 
at Cockpit Point, on the Potomac, attacked by the gun-boats Anacosta 
and Vankee. Fifty of a gang of bridge-burners, under Jetf Owens, were 
captured near Martinsburg, ^Missouri. 

;^fi._Camp of rebels, near llunnewell, Jli.s.souri, broken up, and eight 
prisoners taken. Big Bethel occupied, its garrison having evacuate<l. 
Two hundred and forty exchanged prisoners arrived at Fortress 3Ion- 
ixie. 

4 tli.—SSO,000 worth of supplies for the rebels captured and destroyed 
at Huntersville, Virginia. Gleneral .J.ack.son, with a large rebel force, 
attacked alioutone thou.sand Union troojts, at Bath, Virginia; hut, being 
overpo'vcred by supeiior numbers, the Unionists lell back to Hancock, 
Virginia. 

5 l}i.—.Skirmish on the main-hand, ne.ar Port Royal, South Caroliua. 
Seven rebels were captured, who attempted to disarm tlie guard and 
escape. 

(Uh.—Major-General George B. Crittenden, of the Confederate army, 
issued an order, calling upon all Keiitiic-kiaiis to join the rebel ranks, to 
fight for their Shitt^ as well as the Confederacy. 

7th.—Fight at Blue’s Gap, near Romney, Virginia. Rebels routed, 
with lo.ss of fifteen killed ; twenty jn-isonefs, with two c.aiinon, wagons, 
tents, etc., were captured. Naval recouaois.saaco toward Columbus, 


42 IISSTORY OF THE "WAll, [Jftn., 18Ci 

Kentucky. Pkirmish .“nt Pnintsville, Kentucky. The rebels, under 
lUunphrey Marshnll, lied, after a sliort tight. 

8tli.—Captain Latham and seventeen men completely routed a party 
of thirty guerrillas on the Drv Fork of Cheat River, m Randolph County, 
Virginia. Battle at Roan’-s Tan-yard, in Randolph County, ISlissouri, 
between the rebels, 1,000 strong, and the Union forces, numbering 480 
men. After half an hour’s feeble resistance, the rebels broke and fled, 
leaving every thing behind. 

uth.—Considerable discussion in the United States Senate in regard to 
the Trent affair. Colonel Anisansel recaptured some military stores at 
Sutton, Virginia, which had been taken by the rebels. ^Newspapers in 
Missouri )>ut under a rigid censorship. 

10th.—Colonel Garfield, in pursuit of the flying rebels, came up with 
them this morning at the forks of Middle Creek, near Prestonburg, 
Kentucky. A tight ensued, which lasted all day, when the rebels fle<i, 
carrying'off a great part of their dead and all tlieir wounded. A recon- 
noitoring e.Kpedifion, 6,000 .strong, under Generals Grant and IMcClernand, 
left Cairo, Illinois, for the vicinity of Columbus, Kentucky. The Kan.sas 
jndian.s, at Leavenworth, express their desire to join the Utiion force.s. 
Senators Polk and Johnson, of Missouri, expelletl from the United States 
Senate. 

11th.—Two bridges on the Loui-sville and N.ashville Railroad, between 
Munfordsville and Bowling Green, Kentucky, burned by the rebels. 
Naval engagement ne.ar Fort .Jefferson, below Cairo, Illinois ; Confed¬ 
erate gun-boats retreated under the guns at Columbus. Burnside’s 
expedition sailed from Fortress Monroe. General Grant ordered the 
country, witliiw a circle of six miles of Bird’s Point, IMissouri, to be 
cleared, and all the inhabitants to be brought into camp and guarded. 
This was done to prevent the shooting of pickets, which had increased 
lately. Colonel Garfield occupied Pre.stonburg, Kentucky. 

Pith.—Colonel llainmonrl’.s rebels burned the depot and' a blacksmith’s 
shop and other buihlings, at Horse Cave, Kentucky, and also the depot, 
hotel, and its stables, at Cave City; they destroyed the fodder, and drove 
off all the live stock. These depreciations were to prevent the use of 
any of the buildings or stock by the Union army in its advance through 
Kentucky. Sloop-of-\var Pen.sacola ran the rebel batteries of the Poto- 
m.ac, and got to sea. 

IJth.—bimon Cameron, Secretary of War, resigned to-day. Edwin M. 
Stanton was appointed to succeed him. Mr. Cameron was ajipointod 
Minister to Russia, in place of Cassius M. Clay, recalled, to be made 
Major-General of Volunteers. 

14th.—Naval reconnoissance to within one and a half miles of Colum¬ 
bus, Kentucky. General McClernand's column moveci toward Blaiid- 
ville, Kentucky; General Paine from Bird’s Point. 

16th.—A rebe'l .schooner, attempting to run the blockade of the Rappa- 
liannock River, wa.s captured and burned by the gun-boat Mystic. Gen¬ 
eral Price protested against the order of General llalleck threatening to 
shoot bridge-lairners and others. 

lOtli.—The State of Florida prohibited the exportation of provisions of 
•any kind, and prohibited speculation in such articles. S|iecie payments 
suspended in Ohio by the IjCgislature. A rcconnoitering party from 
Lexington. Mi.ssonri, succeeded in capturing several rebel desperadoes 
and a lot of military stores which had been taken from Colonel Mulligan 
and the steamer Bunsliine. 

17th.—One hundred and fifty released wounded prisoners arrived at 
Fortre.s.s I\lonroe from Richmond. Lurnside’s expedition arrived otf 
Hatter.aa, North Carolina. Fortification bill })Hssed the House, aj>]>roy>ri- 
ating S6,900,000 for coast defense. Navigation of the Missiseippi closed, 
on account of the ice-pack below St. Louis, Missouri. 


Jan., 1802. J 


ni.STORY OF THE WAR. 


43 


ISth.—Ex-President John Tyler died at Richmond, Virginia, in his 
Beventy-accond year, lie acted the })art of a pcuce-ni;iker fur aonie time, 
which tailing,^ he joined tlie rebel faction. Tlie gun-boat Coue.stoga 
ascended the Tenne.Hsce River, to witliin a short di.staace of Eoi’t Henry. 
An ex{)edition to Bloomfield, Mi.ssoiiri, captured forty rebels, including 
one LieuUmant-Colonel and four other officers. 

I'Jlh. — Battle of Mill Sprhiy .— The battle of Mill Spring (or Somerset) 
commenced this morning at half-past 5 o’clock. The Confederate force.s, 
under Generals Crittenden and Zollicoti'er, a<lvaueed to attack the camp 
ot General Thomas, but were bravely met by the Union forces, and, after 
a .severe fi,^ht, which lasted till late in the afternoon, the rebol.s were 
driven otf the field. During the night they retreated in great confusion 
across the Cumljerland River. The rebels lost lie killed, llti wound*id, 
anil 150 prisoners, be.sides barge amounts of quarter-master and ordnance 
stores. The Union loss was ;i0 killed and 20S wounded. This battle was 
the first of a series of brilliant victories in the West. The schooner 
Lizzie Weston, of .Ipahichieola, Florida, bound for Jamaica, with a full 
cargo of cotton, was captured by the United States gun-boat Ita.sca. 

i!uth.—The schooner Wilder, with a cargo for the Confederate States, 
from Havana, captured in Mobile Bay, three miles below Fort Jilorgan. 

21.st.—The expedition, under Generals Grantand iMcClernand, which left 
Cairo on the loth, returned to camp. The exj^edition was highly success¬ 
ful, ))enotrating to within one and a half miles of Columbus. Negroes at 
I'ort Royal, South Carolina, de.sired to be furnished with arms. 

2;5d.—Rebel steamer Calhoun captured off the South-west Pass of the 
Mis.sissippi. One hundred rebel cavalry entered Blandville, Kentucky, 

nd carried off the books and records of the county. I’roperty of seces- 
•iionist.s, in Sl Louis, who failed to pay their a,s.s©s.sment.s, seized and .sold 
f>r the amount, and twenty-five per cent, additional. Another stone lioed 
J'unk in Matfit’s Channel, Charleston (South Carolina) harbor. 

24th.—'I'ho li"ht-boat, near the middle ground, mouth of the Chesa¬ 
peake, went ashore near Cape Henry, and, with its crew of seven men, 
was cajitured by the rebels. 

2(;th.—Colonels Willich and Starkw’cather made a reconneissanco from 
Munfordsville to Horse Cave, Kentucky ; Hindman’s rebels were but 
three miles beyond. Burmside’s expedition passed through Hattei'a.s 
Inlet. 

27th.—Hon. Hamilton Fi.sh and Bi.shon Edward .\mes were appointed 
commissioners to visit Richmond ami other places where rV.deral 
prisoners were confined, to relieve their necessities and promote their 
comfort. The.se commi.ssioners were afterward refused admission into 
the Confodi'rate lines. Earl Rus.sell protested against British vessels 
cajiturod while running the blockade being taken into port with the 
English colors floating beneath that of the Union. Mr. Seward said it 
w.as done ignorantly, and that orders had been issued to prevent a repeti¬ 
tion of the act. 

28th.'—Reconnois.sances from Port Royal di.scovered the fact that tlie 
Savannah River could be entered some di.stance above its mouth, which 
would enable the attacking force to flank FortPuUvski and cut it off' from 
the city. .Vccordingly, six gun-boats and 2,400 men were sent up 
to further explore the jias.sage, and enter the river if jiossible. Finding 
the channels obstructed at their entrance into the river, the expedition 
returned. 

2'Jth.—Lieuten.ant-Colonel Burke and filly men of the 37th New York 
cajitured a body of Texas Rangers, at a hou.se near Occoquan bridge; 
not a man e.scaped. Ma.sou and Slidell arrived at Southampton, En- 

f larid, but were very coldly received by the authorities and the people. 

laJor-Gcneral Earl Van Dorn assumed command of the Coul'ederata 
Tr.uis-Misaissippi Department. 


44 


inSTOKtf OF THE WAR. 


[Feb.» V862. 


•Oth.—Tron-plfttcd steam-batiory Monitoi- lamifhod at Grcenpoint, 
Jahuid, Now York. (Juplain Joiin Morgan, a notorious relxd gner- 
rilla°c!Vj)tureil six Union mon at a church near ijobanon, Kentneky. He 
set tiro to t!ie building, and altcnii)ted to burn one of the men with it, 
but he managed to o-scapo. Tsvo companies of the 1st Oliio Cavalry 
Mere sent in })ursuit of Morgan, but he eluded them. 

31st.—Mr. Seward ilireeted t!ie ridea.se of all persons t.aken onboard 
■^^(isaels running ihe blockade. President I.,incoIn authorised by Congress 
to take military jio.ssession of all railroads and telegrajih lines in the 
ihiited States, (iueen Victoria this day declared her purpose to adhere 
to tiie duties of neutrality in the pre.sent eonilict. 

Fr.BuiiAiiy 1, 18(12.—At Ltaivemvorth, Kansas, an interview was held 
between the Commissioner of Indian Atfairs and the chiefs of several 
loyal tribes of Indians. The chiefs, generally, expressed themselves 
ready to tight for tlie Union. Skirmish at Bow.ing (lieed, Henlncky ; 
tlie rebels lost three killed and two wounded ; no Kation.als injured. 

2d.—Fight in Morgan County, Tennessee, in which the Unionists were 
defeated, and fleil, leaving seven dead. 

.3d.—The government decided that the crews of the capture<l pinva- 
teers were to be treated as pri.soners of war. According to the tenor of 
Karl Rus.sell’s circular of neutrality, the privateer Nashville was ordered 
out of Southamidon to-day. The Tuscarom, which had been watching 
her, steamed U|), anil was ready to start in jairsnit, when she was stopped 
by the British frigate Shannon,'and compelled to wait twenty-four liours, 
according to the rules of international law. 

4th.—The Richmond Examiner of tins date, in a long article, called 
upon the Southern i)eo)>lo to shake off the feeling of security which had 
taken possession of them, and to rally as one man to defend the lihorties 
of the South. It .said : “ If is better to Ji>jht, at the risk of losintj battles, than 
to remain inactive, to Jill vp iiujlorious tjraves. Itelter that government unci 
people should be roused to duly by defeat, than that the army should go to sleep, 
the government dose, and the people grow drowsy in the very jaws of destruc¬ 
tion.” Skirmish on the banks of the Occoipian, Virginia; no Federala 
hurt; four relxds wounded, and were carried otf. 

5th.—.Je.s.se I). Bright, of Indiana, expelled from the United Skates 
Senate, for alleged treasonable eori'esfiondence. Brigadier-General 
Meagher formaliy took command of the Irish Brigade, amid great 
enthusiasm. The British .schooner Mars, with a loail of salt, captured 
by the Keystone State, while attemiking to run the blockade, off Fernan- 
dln.a, Florida. The prohibition of the English Government against the 
exportation of gunjiowdor, etc., removed. 

Oth.— liomhardment of Fort Henry .— .\t 12^ o’clock this morning, Com¬ 
modore Foote opened fire on the fort, at aoont a mile distance, fVom his 
lleet of seven gun-boats. The fire was replied to by the fort, and severe 
cannonading ke[)t lip till afinarter before 2 o’clock, when the fort sur¬ 
rendered to the navy—the land forces, under General ( fi-ant, not having 
come nj). The fort and i>risoners M’cre handed over to (b neral Grant, 
M'hen he arrived, which was about an hour aftenvard. By this surrender 
were cajitured twenty guns and .seventeen mortals, and'vast quantities 
of store.':, etc., liosides sixty or seventy prisoners, (the main body having 
escaped,) among whom was Gencr.il Tilghman, tlie eommaixling officer. 
Congro.ss nirthorized the issue of one luindred and fifty millions of legal- 
tenilor Treasury-notes. 

7th.—General Lauder occupied Romney, the rebels retreating toward 
Winchester. Bkirmishing in the neighborhood of F'airllax Court-lcsnse, 
Virginia. Twelve house.s, including three hotels, the railroad depots, 
etc., at Harper’s Ferry, Virginia, \\a?re fired tliis morning, by Colonel 
Ge.sry, for liarbormg rebel murdorers, who used a flag of tiuee to covet 
their designs. 


Fob., 18C2.] 


HISTORY OF THE WAR. 


if) 


8th.~IluUJe of lioanoko Island .—The battle which commenced yester¬ 
day was rcmaveil this moniing. .\t t!ie. close of the liglit last iiig'ht sev¬ 
eral of the rebel guii-boats had been disabletl, and several of tlieir giin.s 
disinonuted. J.)uni!g the night Oeneral Jhirnside landed liis trooi^s, 
about 1,000 strong. In the morning atjont l,0oo jidditional were landed. 
'1 ho positiott was so well cho.sen, and the titttick so stubbornly resisted, 
that seveial ot the stronger works had to be etirried at the point of the 
bayonet. Towatal the elo.se ot' the day, both flanks of the reb('l works 
being tnrnetl, they surrendered. About ;>,(too jirisoners, si.x forts, moiint- 
ing forty-two guns, .‘{,000 stand of small arms, and immense iiuantitic.s 
ol military stores, tell into tin* hands of the Federal forces. The Union 
loss s\as thirty-five killed ami about two hundred wounded. The Con¬ 
federate loss was si.xtoen killed and thirty-nine wounded. 

■Jth.—lhigadier-<feiieral Charles P. Stone arrested and sent to Fort 
Lalayette, for alloge<l treason in connection with the Ikdl’s llinff battle. 
J>r. Ives, a cones]>endent of the New York Herald, sent to Fort Meibany, 
on charge of l>eing a spy, for violating the rules and regulations of tfio 
Vv'ar I)epartment. 

luth.—Part of the fleet which cajitured Fort Henry, immediately after 
that fight, went up the Tennessee Kiver a.s far as Florence, Ala. It 
returiied to-daj', alter cajituring ami destroyin" .several ve.ssels and va.st 
tjuantities of rebel war material. Martial law declared in K.ansas. Com 
mander Howan, with fourteen gun-boats, engaged the Confederate heel 
which had escaped from Roanoke, otf Ccjbb's Point, N. C., at six miniit«.>4 
past y this morning; and, before lu o’clock, two batteries on shore 
were silenced. Five of the rebel ves.sels were burned by their own crews, 
two were abandoned, one was captured, and Elizabeth City surrendered. 

11th.—'I’he Sawyer gun, at New port News, burst thi.s afternoon, killing 
two men, wounding seriously one, and sli'^htly four or five others. Eliza¬ 
beth City, N. C., occupied m force by the Union troojis. 

l'.lth.—Ceneral Price, C. S. A., retreated from Springlield, Mo., toward 
■\Vilson’s.Creek, leaving a large amount of stores, which were captured 
by Ceneral Curtis. Colonel Reggins’ e.x})edition returned to Fort llenry, 
bringing worth of contraband goods, captured at Paris, 'I’enn. 

Railroad between Danville, Va., and Creenboro, N. C., authorized by the 
Confederate Congress. Edenton, N. C., oceniiied by an expedition 
under Eieiitenant Maury, U. ri. N. The attack on Fort Donel.son com¬ 
menced to-day—the advance of General IMcClernand’s column driving 
in the relnd pickets. 

liith.—The Constitutional Convention of West Virginia adopted, as a 
fumlaniental article of the constitution, that “ No slave or free jierson of 
ca>lor shall come into this .State, for permanent residence, after this con¬ 
stitution goes into operation.” Large fire in Bowlins^ Green, Ky., which 
dostroye^r several large estaldishments. Siiringtiehl, Mo., occupied by 
the National troops, d'he mouth of the Chesapeake and Albemarle 
(■anal obi^trueted by Lieutenant Jeffcr.s, U. S. N. Legal-tender Treasury- 
note bill passed the .Senate, 'j'he army tx?fore Fort Donelson lay <|uict 
to-day, on account of the non-arrival of the gun-lioats and exiiected rein¬ 
forcements from Cairo. The gun-l»oat (farondelet, however, amused the 
garrison for a couple of hours w ith two hundred shots. 

11th.—In the British Hou.^e of Lords, Earl Russell declared his approval 
of the stone blockaile at Charleston harbor. All politimil jirisoners were 
ordered to be released, on taking an oath not to aid the ndicllion or in 
any way injure the Federal Government. General L.snder rejiorted sev¬ 
eral recoimoissanees in the neighborhood of Blooming Gap, Va., which 
were eminently successful, capturing many prisoners and large quan¬ 
tities of stores. Hamilton Phsh and Bishop Ames returned to Washing¬ 
ton, having been refusml admittance within tho Confederate lines, but 
liuving oiTectod an arrangement lor exchange of prisoners. Four rebels 





46 


HISTORY OF TUB WAR. 


[Feb., 18C9. 


! 


killed, four wounded, and three taken prisoner.s, at a skirmish on the 
Cmiilxn-huid River, near Flat Liek Ford, Ky. liatfle of Fort Donclsou.— 

At 'I oy'clock to-day tlie.gun-boat.s moved to the attacdc of F’ort Donel- 
son; and at .3 oddoek the St. Louis opened fire. The tiring was kept up ' 
vigorously for an hour and a liulf, the water-butteries being sileneed; 
but the St. ];ouis having received a “ planing .shot” in the ])ilot-house, 
di.sabling her wheel, and the other ve.sselS having also suffered, Com¬ 
modore' Foote directed the fleet to drop down the river, and the conte.st ' 
ceased for the day. 

Lath.—Early this morning the extreme right of the Union line in front 
of F'ort Doneison was attacked by a heavy body of the Confederates, who i 

attempted to (‘Ut tlieir way through. The attack wa.s prom}>tly met; but ■ 

tho relicts, being reinforced, were successful in }>ushing back the Union¬ 
ists. Being reinforced in turn, the Federals drove back again. So the 
battle wavered during the day, until, in tiie afternoon, an assault at the i 

])oint of the bayonet was made on the left of the line, (rebel right,) which 
was gallantly executed, and night found the Union troop.s in possession of ^ 
the outer lino of fortifications. The batterie.s which had been planted on 
Venus Island, in yavannah River, by the Federals, were attacked by four 
rebel gun-ooats, for the purpose of effecting communications with Fort 
Pulaski. They were unsueces.sful. Bowling Green, Ky., evacuated by 
the rebels, and occupied by the advance of General Buell’s army, under 
General Mitchell. 

R3th.—More newspapers thrown out of the mails. Brigadier-General 
Price, son of Major-General Price, of the Confederate army, with two 
other oflicers, captured at Warsaw, Mo. Tennessee Iron-works, near 
I)over, destroyed by tho gun-boat St. Louis. At daybreak this morniu|» 
the white flag apjieared on tho ramyiarts of Fort Doneison, in token of 
.surrender. General Buckner and 15,000 men fell ])risoners to General 
Grant, be.sidos 20,000 stand of arms and vast quantities of ammunition fell 
into tho hands of the victors. Generals Floyd and Pillow, with about 
5,0(Kl meu, made (heir escape during tho night. 

17th.—Great rejoicing all over the North for the victories at Forts 
Henry and Doneison and Roanoke Island. Battle at Sugar Creek, Ark. 
The rebels were in ambush. Thirteen Unionists killed and five wounded. 
Two regiments of rebel Tenuesseeans, unaware of the .surrender of 
Fort Donel.son, marched into it, to reinforce it. They were captured. 
Theynumbered l,47u men. The co-partnership heretofore existing under 
the name of tho Provisional Government of the Confederate States 
expired this day, by limitation. 

18th.—A band of rebehs, under the notorious Quantrell and Parker, 
were routed at Independence, Mo., with the loss of three killed, and 
many wounded aiul pri.souers. Federal loss, one killed and three 
wounded. The Wheeling Constitutional Convention adjourned this 
evening. The permanent Congress of the Confederate States was organ¬ 
ized to-day, at Richmond. Thomas S. Bocock, of Virginia, was chosen 
Speaker oV the House. 

Rtth.—In the Confederate Congress, Jeff Davis was declared elected 
President, and Alexander H. i-^tephens Vice-President of the Confeder¬ 
ate Stab'S, having received all the electoral votes east. The city of 
Clarksville, Tenn., surrendered to Flag-Officer FWote, without an engage¬ 
ment. 

2Uth.—Fight at Occoquan, Va., between a reconnoitering party on the 
steamer Ste|)ping-Stone and a party of rebels in ambush; result not 
known. Burnside’s gun-boats burn the town of Wintou, N. C. 

21st.—Battle at F'ort Craig, near Valverde, N. M., between the rebel 
forces, under Colonel Steele, and the Federals, under Colonel Canby. 
Tho battle lasted all day, when Colonel Canby was obliged to retreat to 
the fort, with tlio loss oif 02 killed and 102 wounded. 


March, ISG2.] 


HISTOllY CXI*' TIIC WAR, 


47 


22(1.—The rebel Governor Clarke, of North Carolina, called tipon his 
people to respond to the calls made upon them for the defense of their 
State and the Confederate States. Marti.al law declared in West Tennes¬ 
see. Inauguration of Davis and Stephens. This anniversary of the birth 
of Washington was celebrated throughout the North with appropriate 
ceremonies. 

2.id.—General Buell took possession of Gallatin, Tenn. General Curtis 
captured Faj’etteville, .\rk. Tlie rebels fled, in great confusion, acro.ss 
the Boston Mountain ; not, however, before jioisoning a quantity of 
bread and meat, which was eaten by the Federal troops. Forty-two offi¬ 
cers and men were poisoned, some of whom died. Nashville, Tenn., 
evacuated by the rebels. Before leaving, they destroyed both bridges 
across the Cuinl)erland River, and committed great dejiredations on the 
ju'operty of the citizens. 

Ylth.—Skirmish in the neighborhood of Occoquan. General Banks 
occupied Harper’s Ferrj". A reconnoissance down the Mississippi 
di.scovered that the rebels had taken all the flat-boats and skiffs as far 
up as they dared come, and that there had been a movement among the 
troops at Columbus. 

Y'lth.—Communications between Savannah and Fort Pulaski inter¬ 
rupted by Federal batteries. Nashville, Tenn., was occupied by the 
advance of (fenerul Buell’s army, under General Wblliam Nelson. All 
the kdegraph lines in the l 05 'al States Uken possession of by the govern¬ 
ment. 

2Gth.—Captain Montgomery, with his company, was surprised by about 
8.'>0 of McBride’s guerrillas,'who fired into the house occupied by the 
Federals, killing two and wounding one. One rebel was killed, and the 
rest tied, taking with them about seventy horses. The President 
approved the Loan and Treasury bill, and it became a law. The National 
gum-boat R. B. Forl)es went a.«hore, near Nag’s Head, N. C., and was 
burned by the crew, to prevent its falling into the hands of the rebels. 

‘27th.—iron-clad Monitor went to sea to-day, under the command of 
Lieutenant Worden. Evacuation of Colunibus commenced to-day. 
Major-tfeneral Dix and Edward Pierpont were apjiointed commissioner.s 
to examine the cases of the political pri-soners, and decide thereon, 
whether they should be release*! or retained in cu.stody. Jeff Davis 
declared martial law and suspended the writ of haheax corpus in the 
cities of Norfolk and Port.-mouth, and ten miles .around them. 

28th.—The British ship Labuan, with a cargo of blankets, etc., valued 
at £.‘f;f,<X)0, was brought into New York, having been captured while 
attempting to run the blockade. Fast-day in the Southern Confederacy. 
Rebel .steamer Nashville ran the blockade at Beaufort, N. C. Charles¬ 
town, Virginia, occujiied by the Union troops. Sixty-four men oftlie 7th 
Illinois Cavalry charged upon ninety rebel cavalry and a battery of artil¬ 
lery, un*ler Jeff Thompson, and captured four guns, and put the rebels 
to flight, losing only one man, who was taken prisoner; rebel loss not 
ascertained. 

March 1, 1802.—Skirmish at Independence, IMo. John IMinor Bolts 
and .several others arre.'^ted in Richmond, Va., for alleged ti-ea.son against 
the Southern Confederacy. Two gun-boats of Commodore Foote’s fleet 
went iq) the Tenne.s.see River to Pittsburg Landing, and engaged the 
rebel batteries there. The batteries were reinforced, and three regi¬ 
ments of infantry opened on the gun-boats, hut were driven back with 
great slaughter. Union loss, five killed and mis.sing. and five wounded ; 
rebel lo.ss, about twenty killed and two hundred wounded. Lieutenant 
Ilouston, eight men, uiid three horses of a foraging party were captured 
by the rebels, ten miles we.st of General (’iirti.s’ camp in Missouri. 
The. balance, of tlie party e.scaped, bringing in the forage, etc. 

2d.—General Lander died to-day from the effects of a wound received 


48 HISTORY OR TIIH WAR. [March, 1S62 

noai’ Edwards’ Ferry, on tlio 23d October. Brunswick, on the coast ol 
Georgia, taken by C'oiiimodoro Bupont’s tieet. 

3d—Colmnhus, Ky., occuitied by the Union troops. It was found 
entirely deserted, and the town itself almost destroyed. Several gun.s 
and a large quantity of military 3t(we.s fell into the hands of the Union¬ 
ists. General Banks occupied Martinsbur" without opposition. An 
engagement took place at Sykestown, near Aew'IMadrid, Mo., bK'tvveen 
General Pope’s forces and the re))els. After a fight of two or three 
hours, the National troops retreated a short distance for the night. 
Fernandina, Fla., surrendered to the combined military and naval force 
under Commodore Dupont and General Wright. 

4th.—Andrew Johnson appointed Brigadier-General and Military Gov¬ 
ernor of Tennessee. General Shields a])pointed to the command of 
General Lander’s brigade. 

5th.—General Beauregard assumed command of the Confederate arniy 
of the Mississippi. Tlie rebel schooner V,hlliam Mallory, of Mobile, 
captured off .St. Andrew’s Bay, Fla., by the U. S. steamer Water-witch. 
Governor Picken.s, of South Carolina,*cal)ed upon the people to fill up 
the five regiments called for by the government of the Confederate 
States. The Biehmond Dispatch, in a long article, seemed to think that 
tlic defeats at Donehson and Roanoke would result, ultimately, in much 
good to the Confederacy, hy inurinej ^is to defeats, which niitsl occur in a 
war with a power possessed of snjyerior numbers and superior resources of all 
kinds;" and by slimulatiny enlistments, an-' thus increasiny the value and 
efficiency of our armies" Bunker Hill, Va., occu])ied by the Union 
troops. A reconnoitering party \vere fired uj)on by rebels in ambush, 
near the Occoquan, Va., and two otficers killed and two privates wounded. 
National jackets at Columbus driven in ))y the rebel cavalry. 

(ith.— Commencement of the Battle of I’en liidye. —The rebels com¬ 
menced the attack on the right wing of the Union army, ):»ur.suing Gen¬ 
eral Bigel’s rear-guard to tfic main lines on Hugar Creek; but, about 
4 o’clock in the afternoon, the Union reinforcements coming up, the 
rebels withdrew, and the action cea.sed. Both armies slept on their -arms 
during the night. Tlie Confeder-ate Congress }»assed a bill authorizing 
military commanders to destroy all cotton, tob.acco, or other property 
about to fall into the hands of the enemy. No compensation was allowed 
to the owners of such pro])erty. President Lincoln sent -a mes.sage to 
Congress, advising an act to aid, in a pecuniary way, the several states in 
emancij)atiug their slaves. Smithfield, Va., occupied in strong force by 
Union troops. A squadron of the 1st ]\Iiehigan Cavalry surpi’ised a Jiarty 
of rebel cavalry at Berryvill.e, Va., killing three and capturing nino 
hor.ses, without the loss of a man. 

7th.— Continuation of the Battle of Pea Ridge .— At 11 o’clock the rebels 
attacked tlie right of the Union lines. The fight was heavy here during 
the day, and the losses severe. General McCulloch, commanding the 
rebel forces, fell mortally wounded. Privateer Sumter at Gibraltar, 
closely watched by the Tuscarora. Considerable fighting on the Poto¬ 
mac, betw een the licet and rebel batteries at various "points on the shore. 
Disturbance in Dover, I >el., on account of the refusal of a company of 
Home Guards to deliver uji their arms to the government. Several of 
the leaders were arrested, and the town placed under martini law. 

8th.—This morning, at sunrise, firing was renewed by the center and 
right of General Curtis’ fon-es, at Pea Ridge. The fire was leplivd to 
with great energy by tlie whole rebel line. General Curtis ordered the 
center and left wing forward—the left turning the right of the enemy. 
A cliarge then was made by the whole line, which resulted in the eo\n- 
]>!eteroutof the rebel forces, and their flight through the dee]> defiles 
of Big Sugar Creek. The Union loss in this battio was 212 killed, ft2(j 
woundod, and 174 missing. The rebo' lo.sa was vf ry heavy, btit waj» 


March, 1SG2.] 


mSTOKr Oi-' Tllld WAR. 


4U 


never renlly known. Morgan’s rel>el cavalry att;i('ko<l a fornglng iinity, 
tour miles south of Nasliville, and took cigliteen \va,i;ons, teamsters, 
and mules, and burned one wagon. The wagons and prisoners were 
finally recaptured by a force sent in pur.suit, and four robeks killed and 
four Uiken j)risoners. Occoquan, Va., evjvcuated by the rebels, after 
de.stroying every thing tliey coidd not carry. Colonel Ceary took pos- 
se.ssion ot Leesburg, Va., aii'l the fort.s which defended it. d'ho Union 
Army of the I’otoruaxi w.as divided, by President Lincoln'.s War Order 
hlo. 2, into five corps d'armee, commanded respectively by (jenerals 
JMcDowell, Sumner, Jlointzelman, Keyes, and Hanks. Oeneral Hcanro- 
gard called u})on the })lantcrs to send in their bells to be cast into cannon, 
for the defense of their plantations. Xarul Fight in Hampton Hoads .—■ 
The rebel iron-clad .Merrimac came out of Norfolk harbor, and steamed 
direct for the U. S. frigates Cumberland and Congress. The tire from the 
Cumberland had no eifect on her adversary. The Cumberlanil wa.s 
struck amidships by the ram, and her sides hud ojien. She immediately 
sunk. The ram started for the Congre.ss, which surrendered, and was 
burned. The Minnesota, in endeavoring to e.sea^ie the ram, got aground. 
The iron-clad i\It)nitor arrived from New Yoik, at 10 in tlie evening, 
and was immediately sent to the aid of the Minnesota. 

9th.—This morning the fight was renewed ; this time by the two iron- 
clad.s. After a fight of four hours the iMerrimac hauled otf, apparently 
much injured. The Monimr was unhurt. I’oint Pleasant, Mo., occupied 
by Federals, thus cutting the communication between New Madri<l and 
the main Confederate army down the river. Cockpit Point batteries 
cajitured by the Potomac flotilla. skirmish took jdace to-day at Hurk’s 
Station, Va., between fourteen men of the Lincoln Cavalry, under Ijieu- 
tenant Hidden, and one hundred and fifty relxd cavalry, in which the 
rcl»ols lost three killed, live woumled, and eleven prisoners. Lieutenant 
Hidden was killed. 

10th.—party of the 1st Iowa Cavalry surrounded a body of rebels in 
a log-iiouse, in Jjafayette County, Mo., and killed nine and wounded 
three of them. The att.Hcking party lost one killed and four wounded. 
Colonel James Carter, with his regiment of loyal Tennesseeans, liad a 
fight with some rebel cavalry, near Jacksboro, Last Tenn.; two rebehs 
kdled, four badly wounded, and fifteen taken j)risoners. Large lots of 
stores and fifty-liino horses and seven mules fell into Colonel Carter’s 
liaiids. d’he casualties on the Union side were one lieutenant and ono 
private slightly wounded. Centerville, Va., occupied by the Union forces. 

11th.—Manaksas occupied by Union trooj>s, uinler (jcnerai IMcClclIan. 
Generals Floyd and Pillow’ suspended from their commands by Ih’esi- 
derit Davis, for their mi.scondiud at Donchson. f?t. Augustine, Fla., and 
its ailjacent fort of five guns, surrendered to Commodore Dupont; tho 
inhabitants raised the Union flag themselves. 

12 th.—Forts in New York harbor garri.soned, by order of Governor 
Morgan. Winche.«ter, Va., occu|)ied by the Union forces. Fight at Paris, 
Tenn. The Unionist.s defeated a bo<ly of rebels and took pos.ses.sion of 
the town; but learning th.at a large force of rebels wore within a short 
distance, they retired. Herryville, Va., wa.s occui)iod by General Gor¬ 
man ; the rebels retreated on his apino.acli. .facksonville, Fla., occu])ied. 
Figlit at Lebanon, Mo. ; thirteen n'bels killed, five wounded, and thir- 
te^ui—including General Campbell—taken prisoners. 

i;;th.—Skirniishes .at Newport News and Winchester, Va. Bridge on 
the Mobile and Ohio Kadi’oad, twenty miles from .hick.son, ’I’enn., dc- 
stioycd by the Jd Ohio Cavalry. General Hallcck .as.sunied command of 
the new beiaartment of the iMississippi. New Madrid, Mo., innested .— 
General Pope ope.iaid on tho rebel works in the morning from a b,it.tery 
of heavy siege-gnus, which had been sent from Cairo, and from his field 
j'ieocs, Vhich had been placed iu smiLcu batteries dunnij the night. 

5 


50 


HISTORY OF Til 12 WAR. 


[March, 18G3. 


The rebels replied with their heavy guns fi’om the land and the tleet. 
The Union Ibrees continued to close around tlie garrison; and the fear 
of an a.ssiuilt the next morning caused them to lly during the night. 

Hth.—The appearance of thing.s at New Madrid, when the army 
marched in, sliowed that the rebels lle<l precipitately, leaving every 
thing. An immense quantity of army stores, valued at S^l, 00 d,O(Hl, were 
captured. Among them were twenty-five lieavy siege-guns, whole bat¬ 
teries of field artillery, .several thousand smafl iinhs, etc. The rebel 
force was estimated .aty,0()0 infantry, be.sides artillery, and nine gun-boats. 
Their loss was never ascertained. The Union loss, in the whole engage¬ 
ment, was fifty-one killed and wounded. Battle of Netcbern .—This 
morning the troops which lainied yesterday at Slocum’s Creek resumed 
their march. The rebels, l(i,0U() strong, were behind strong intrench- 
ments, two miles in extent, defended by twenty-one guns in position, 
besides a large quantity of fiehl artillery. The biitteries were taken one 
alter another: and, on taking the last one, the rebels broke and fled, 
toking the cars in the direction of Goldsboro. Forty-six heavj' siege- 
guns, three light batteries, and 15,000 stand of small arms w ere among the 
])rizes which lell to the victors. The Union loss was 90 or 100 killed 
and about 4f)0 wounded, 

15th.—A rcconnoitering party from Quantico Creek occupied Dumfries, 
Va., the reVjels flying before them. The Isl.and No. 10 expedition left 
Cairo at 7 A. M. The gun-boats Yankee and Anacosta shelled the rebel 
batteries at Acquia Creek ; no definite result. General Wallace burned 
the railroad bridge at Purdy, Tenn., and cut olF a train with troops on 
their way to Humboldt. 

16th.—The attack on Lsland No. 10 commenced to-day. General G.ar- 
field defeated a body of rebels intrenched at Pound Gap, in the Cumber¬ 
land Mountains, m East Tennessee. Skirmish at Pittsburg Landing. 
Fight at Salem, Ark., between 2.50 Union soldiers and 1 ,(hX) rebels ; 
reiiels defeated, with a loss of 100 killed and wounded. Union loss, 
25 killed and wounded. 

17th.—Confederate steamer Nashville ran the blockade at Beaufort, 
N. C., and e.scajied. 

18th.—Bombanlment of I.sl.and No. 10 still continued. A gun burst on 
the yt. Louis, killing two men and wounding tw'elve. Slnj) Emily St. 
Pierre captured oil Charleston, S. C., while attempting to run the block¬ 
ade. Acquia Creek abandoneil by the rebels. At New' Madrid General 
Pope allowed a rebtd gun-boat to approach within fifty yards of a masked 
battery, and then sunk her, killing fifteen of those'oil board. He had 
now' five steamers between his lotteries, unable to escape. 

20th.—Union meeting at .Jacksonville, Fla. 

21st.—Seventeen rebels and 1,000 pounds of bacon were captured at 
the house of one Boone, near Keitsville, i\Io. St. Augustine surrendered 
to Commodore Dupont. Beaufort, N. C., occupied by General Burn¬ 
side. 

22d.—A reconnoissance in force was made from Cumberlanrl Ford to 
Cumberland Gap. 'I'he rebel pickets w'oro driven in, and firing com¬ 
menced thi.s morning, which continued all day, without any definite 
result. Fight at Inde]iendence, Mo., witli Quan'trell’s band. Skirmish 
near Winchester; the rebels retreated. General Shields was wounded in 
the arm by a fragment of a shell. 

■2;5d.— ■Battle oj \\ inch ester. —Last night the troops slept on their arms. 
At sunrise the Confederates, 12,uoo stromi, under ,Jackson, attacked Gen¬ 
eral Shields with 10 , 000 , at Kearnstowu, near Winchester, Va. The fight 
w'HS eoutinuci.l till noon, when a charge drove the rebels l>ack half a mile. 
'1 hey rallied, and in turn drove the Unionists Ijack. General Shields 
ordered the lott flank turned, which was done in gallant style. Both 
sides lought desperately, until 3 P. M., when a panic seized tlie rebels, 


April, 18G2,] 


HISTORY OF THE WAR. 


51 


find they fled toward Strasbnr*<. Union loss, 115 killed and 450 wounded. 
The rebels acknouledged a loss of 800 killed, vvounde<i, and missing. 
jMorehead City, (J., taken possession of by Uenerai Parke, and Port 
IVIacou simnnoned to surrender. 45,OUO }>oiinds of cured hams and bacon 
and 1,500 pounds of pork captured at A’icholas Landing, on the Ten- 
uessee. 

24tli .—llovtbnrdinenl of hland No. 10 slill coulinued. 

2.‘)th.—Kortitications on Skiddaway and Green Islands, in Warsaw 
Sound, aliandonetl by the rebels, were blown up, in'order (d' (Commodore 
Lupont. Washington, N. G., surrendered to General Hurnside. 

2t;th.—Two hundred of tiuantrell’s men were repulsed in an attack on 
Warrensburg, IMo., by sixty Union troops, under Major Foster. Tho 
rebels lost nine men killed, seventeen wounded, and twenty-live horses ; 
two Unionists killed and eleven wounded. .-V band of 50i> to 800 rebel.s 
.attacked four eomjianies of .State militia at llermansville. Mo., but were 
rejatlsed, with a loss of fifteen killed and a large number wounded; a 
number of Unionists were wounded. Skirmish at MeMinnville, Tenn.; 
rebels defeated. The advance of a body of Union troops, under Colonel 
J. P. Slough, eti roulu for New Mexico, met and attacked a force of 250 
Confederate cavalry ; and, after a short engagement, took lifty-seven of 
them prisoners. 

27th.—Ashby’s cavalry attacked the Union cam)) at .Slrasburg, killing 
one man and wounding another. They wore tinaily driven otf. Big 
Bethel was occupied by a reconnoitering party, the rebels evacuating as 
it approached. Cavalry .skirmish near Dumfries, Va. 

2.8th .—\ tight took place at A}>ache Canon, near Santa Fe, N. M., 
between 1,300 Unionists, with six pieces of artillery, under Colonel J. P, 
Slough, and 2,000 Texans, with one piece of artillery, who were in ambush. 
Colonel Slough attacked the Texans in front, while Major Chivinghin, with 
a jiart of the force, attacked them in the rear. The tight lasted until 
4 o’clock, when Hags of truce were interchanged to bury the dead and 
care for the wounded. The rebels lost their entire tram, comjirising 01 
wagons and 230 mules; alxnit 150 killed, 200 wounded, and 03 })ri.sonera. 
The Union loss was 20 killed, 54 wounded, and 35 pri.soners. Morgan’s 
rebel cavalry captured and destroyed a train on the Louisville .and Nash¬ 
ville Railroad. Captain i’arker’s guerrillas defeated near Warrensburg, 
jlo. ; 15 killed and 21 prisoners. 

20th.—Middlebujg, Loudon County, Va., occupied by Colonel Geary; 
the rebels retreating ])recii)itately after a short skirmish. 

olst.—.Major-General Hunter .as.sumed command of the Department of 
the South. Coloiu‘1 N. B. Buford, with a force of infantry, cavalry, and 
artillery, cupture<l Union City, Tenn., dispersing the rebel force at that 
pl.aee; 150 horse.s and a large amount of stores, as w ell as several fn-ison- 
ers, were captured. Colonel Buford returned to Hickman. Baltimore 
aiul Ghio Railroad reof)ened .after a year's inactivity. 

April 1, 18G2.—Colonel Rolierts, with tifty men of the 42d Illinois and 
fifty men from the boats, .s|»iked the six guns in the upper ibrt of Island 
No. 10. Fastport, Miss., was shelled by the gun-boats, but the rebels 
had Hed. Skirmish at Watt’s Creek, nine miles from Newjiort News; 
the rebels retreated. General Banks h.ad a tight with Ashby’s cavalry, 
at Woodstock, \'a.; one man killed on the Union side. Warrenton, Va., 
occupied by Union tronjis. Colom;! Carlin hail an engagement with the 
rebels at Putnam’s Ferry, Ark., in which four rebels were taken prison¬ 
ers and one killed. 

2d.—General McClellan reached Fortre.es Jlonroe. Fort Union, N. M., 
reported perfectly .safe. Skirmishing between a regiment of the Excel¬ 
sior Brigade and the rebel cavalry, near .Stalt'ord Coiirt-lioiise, Va. ; the 
rebels retreated, burning the town. Tho Unionist.s afterward withdrew. 
A huge rebel Ibroe attempted to .surround Colonel Geary’s eomimujd, at 


52 


HISTORY OF THE WAR. 


[April, 1862. 


White Plains, Va.; but the Colonel became apprised of their intention, 
and moved to Tliorougldare Gap, and thus frustrated Ihcir designs. A 
battalion of llie. 2d Jlliiajis (Javalry were surroundeil by a body of Confed¬ 
erate troojis, but they cut their way out, indicting a loss on the rebels of-49 
kille<l, wounded, and missing. *The cavalry lost one killed and four 
woun(te<l. 

.'id.—The United States Senate passed the bill abolishing slavery in the 
District of Columbia, by a vote of twenty-nine to Iburteen. Apalachi¬ 
cola, Fla., surrendered to Commodore Stellwageii without resistance. 
The. rebel lioating battery at Island No. 10 was disabled by the mortar 
fleet. 

‘ith.—Skirmish at Pittsburg Landing; Union loss, one killed. The rebels 
lost several killed, anvl ten i)ri.soners. Naval tight off Pass Christian, 
twenty-five miles from Diloxi; the rebel fleet was considerably flamaged. 
Artillery tight across tlie river, at Point I'leasant, AIo. A warehouse was 
burned on the opposite side, and l)oth j'.-rties stop))ed. 

bth.—Gun-boat Cnrondelet ran the batteries at Island No. 10, and 
reached New Madrid in safety. General McClellan’s army commenced 
its march up the Peninsula yesterday, and this morning reached York- 
town. The rebels opened tire, which was replied to during the day; 
Union loss, six killed and sixteen wounded. 

()th.—A rebel mail was captured at Murfree.sboro, which led to the 
arrest of a numl.ier of spies in Nashville and Edgefield. Gun-boat Gar- 
ondelot made a reeonnois.sance to Tiptonville, Tenn. On her return she 
attacked a biittery, and a jjarty landed, sj)iked the guns, and destroyed 
the carriage.s and ammunition. Fight at Adatnsville, Tenn.; three Union 
men taken prisoners. Buttle of iihiloh commenced to-day .—The rel')els, 
4.-),ooo strong, under Generals lleauregard and Johnston, attacked the 
Union forces, 3.'),0(i0 .strong, under General U. vS. Grant, at Pittsburg Land¬ 
ing, Tenn. The battle raged fiercely all day. The Union army was 
driven to the river, with the loss of.General Prentiss and 2,dlKj men 
jirisoners, thirty-six jiieces of artillery, and a large amount of camp 
etjuipage. The army was saved from'total defeat tiy the operations of 
the guii-boats on the rebel right wing. General Johnston, the rebel 
commander, was killed. 

nil.—^Bailie of tihiloh continued to-day .—The advance of General Buell’s 
army, from Nashville, ajjpeared on the banks of tlie river late last night, 
and spent the night in crossing to the relief of General Grant. Early thi.s 
morning the engage.ment became general; but the fre.sh troops’from 
General lluell’s army eluicked the rebels, and turned the scale in favor 
of the Union army. The whole line advanced, and the rebels fell back, 
and were ])ursuod by General Hherman’s division. The GJnion loss wa.s 
1,614 killed, including Brigadier-General W. II. L. Wallace, 7,721 wounded, 
and 11,963 missing and ])risoners. The Confeilerate loss w.as never fully 
known. They left, however, some .'5,(>00 dead on the field. The gun¬ 
boat Pittsburg ran the blockade of Island No. 10 last night. Four steam 
transjiort.s and five barge.s wo'c got througli fhe canal, which had been 
cut o)ii>osito the island, by Golonel BisselPs engineer corps. This morn¬ 
ing a detachment crosse<l the river at New Madrid, nnd('r eover of the 
gun-boats, and sj)ikefl file guns. At 11 o’clock General Paine’s division 
crossed, alterward the divi.siona of Generals fitanley, Hamilton, utkI 
Granger, and ])r(‘])ared to attack the island in the I'ear. .After a bombard¬ 
ment of twenty-three days, the garrison of the island, finding themselve.s 
thus surrounded, surrendered the island to Commodore Foote. Part of 
the gari'ison e.seapetl to the main-land. Seventeen officers and 560 men 
were taken prisoners on tlie island, besides ne^uly $230,000 worth of 
property. 

8th.—^tleneral Poyie headed off the m.ain army on their retre.at from 
Island No. lil, at liptonville, and forced the surreirder of the wliole forc6< 


/pril, 19C2.] 


HLSTORY OF TUB WAR, 


53 


The whole force captured was 2,^3 officers (ineluding four Generals) and 
ov(>r (j,UUO )>riv:ites; lii,nuo stand «)f anus, 2,(100 horses and nudes, l,out) 
wagons, and ^o,noi) worth of j)rovisious were takiui. Jeff Davis pro¬ 
claimed martial law and suspended the writ of lutbeas corpus in Kast 
Tennessee. IMonterey, Va., occupied by General Milroy. jS'ational Tax 
bill passed the House by 12 o to 13. 

9th.—(Ireat rejoicing on account of the recent victorie.s. Skirmish at 
Whitemarsh Island, Ga. The Unionists were defeated, with a loss of 
twenty men; the Confederates lost tive. Jacksonville, Fhi., was evacu¬ 
ated by the ^National troojis, under General Wright. They brought otf 
every thing. General Prentiss (a prisoner) made a Union speech in 
IMeniphis. 

loth.—President Lincoln recommended the jieojile, on the next day of 
worship, to give thanks to .-Mmighty God for the recent victories. 

11th.— Surrciulcr of Fort J’ulaski .— Yesterday the fort was summoned to 
surreiKler, but refused. The bombardment immediately commenceil, 
and continued A'igorously through tJie day. At night new’liatteries were 
]»lanted, and this morning breaches were discovered in the south-east 
lace of the fort. The bombardment was continued vigorously, and, at 
eighteen minutes jiost 2 o’elocdc, the fort surrendered. 47 guns, 7 ,(m» 0 
shot anil shell, 4u,(J(KJ pounds of powder, and 385 pri.soners were taken 
with tlie fort. The Union loss was but one man killed and one .slightly 
wounded ; the Confederates laid three severely wounded. Skirmish near 
Yorktown, Va. The bill abolishing slavery in tho District of Columbia 
passed the Hou.se by ‘J.1 to 39. Huntsville, Ala., occu]>ied by General 
Mitchell. The town w’us surjirised, and two trains, just starting ea.st- 
ward, w ere stopped. Seventeen locomotives, 15o cars, and 17U prisoners 
were captured in the town. 

12th.—The 1‘Jth Houth Carolina Regiment mutinied and refused to 
leave the Htate. Up to this date tifly-eight vessels had run the blockado 
into 8outheni ports. An expedition*from Huntsville went to Stevenson, 
on the rdemjdiis and Charleston Railroad, and ca})tured ‘i,0(K.) prisoners, 
five locomotives, and a large amount of rolling stock. Another exj)edi- 
tion went to Decatur, on the same road, and arrived in time to save tho 
railroad bridge, which had been fired by the rebels. Commodore Footo’.s 
fleet sailed for Fort Pillow, Tenn. 

13th.—Rebel schooner Selma was captured on its way to Baltimore 
to-day with a large rebel mail. A party of 4 ,(mk> men, from Pittsburg 
Jjand'ing, went up the river to Ea.stport, Miss., and then inland to Bear 
Creek, and destroyed two bridges on the Mobile and Ohio Railroad. 
Naval fight at Needham Cut-ott, on the Mississippi; the Confederate 
fleet wa.s forced to retire. The Union fleet arrived before Fort Wriglit, 
Tenn. 

14th.—Bombardment of Fort Wright. \ feconnoitering fleet went up 
the Rappahannock to near Fredericksburg. 

15th.—Simon Cameron, late Secretary of War, arrested, at the suit of 
Pierce Butler, for false imprisonment. * Rebels driven out of their works 
at Gloucester, opposite Yorktown. Continued skirmishing in front of 
Yorktown. Battle at Peralto, Te.xas, between General (.‘anby and the 
Texans. The rebels were defeated. Union lo.ss, twenty-tive killed and 
wounded. 

Kith.—President Lincoln signed the bill abolishing slavery in the Dis¬ 
trict of Columbia. Skirmish .at Savannah, Tenn.; rebels defeated, witlj 
the loss of five killed and .sixty-five wounded. Fight at Wilmington 
N. C. The rebels surpri.sed the’Union troops, but they rallied, and the 
rebels fell b.ack to their batteries. Sixty-one of Ashl'iy’s cavalry were 
captured this morning and carried into Woodstock, Va. Fight at I;ee s 
Mills, Va. Tho Union ))oaition on the Warwick River, near Yorktown, 
was attacked ; tho rebels were rejnilBod, and driven from their iulreuchod 



54 


HISTORY OF TIIR WAR. 


hlpril, 1S63. 


position; but, in tlie end, the Unionists were coinpellod to retire. Loss 
—Union, 35 killed, 120 wounded, and 0 j.'-isoners; robels, 20 killed, 75 
wounded, and 5o jiri.soners. 

17th.—Geneiiil Bunks occupied Mount Juckson, Vu. A strong recon- 
noitering i)urty was .sent outlVoin Pittsburg Jjanding, in the direction of 
Corinth. They returned with scarcely any loss. General Banks took 
B'ew Market, Va. 

Ibth.—Fredericksburg snrrendorod to General .Augur. A I’ebel force 
made a stand at Falmouth, opi)osito Fredericksburg, but were driven 
across the river, and the city capitulated. Flag-Utticer Farragut, with 
the National fleet, coininenced the bombardment of Forts Jackson and 
Bt. Philip, on the Mi.s.sissippi, below New Orleans. 

loth.—Camden, N. C., occupied by General Reno, after a sharp skirm¬ 
ish with the rebels. The Union troops afterwai'd retired to the main 
army at Newberu. The rebels lost sixty men in the enjfagement; the 
Nationals, twelve killed and fortj’-eight wounded. Rebel troops driven 
from Edisto Island government jil.antations. A portion of General 
McDowell’s corps m.arched into Fredericksburg. 

20th.—General Jackson’s flight from the Bhen.andoah Valley to Gor- 
donsville confirmed by General Banks’ .scouts. 

21st.—General Milroy overtook and jHirsned the rear-guard of the 
relxjl cavalry at Buthilo Gap, Va. Bhip R. C. F'iles captured while 
attempting to run the blockade of .Molalo, Ala. 

22d.—Skirmish at Lee’s Mills, Va.; three Unioni.sts killed. Confed¬ 
erate Congress adjourned, to meet in August. U. S. steamer Yankee 
reached Fredericksburg, having jia.s.sed all obstructions in the river. 
Colonel Donnelly, of General Banks’ force, occupied Ilarrodsburg, Va. 

23d.—Colonel Downey fought a scjuad of rebels at Gra.ss Lick, not far 
from Romney, Va. ; they took refuge in a liou.se, w Inch Colonel Downe- 
burned, and cajkured live prisoners. Several rebels were killed and 
wounded. National troops lost three killed. 

24tli.—Yorktown, Va., shelled by one of the Union gun-boats. She fired 
several shots during the day, but they were not answered. A recon- 
noitering Jiarty from Pitt-sbnrg Landing went to Pea Ridge, Tenn., where 
they found 3,IK)U or 4,000 rebels in line of battle. They lied at tlie first 
fire of the artillery, leaving every thing behind them. ’ The reVad salt¬ 
peter works at Yell ville. Ark., destroyed. Dismal Swamp Canal destroyed 
t>y Commodore Rowan. Commodore Farragut, having ixnnbarded Forts 
Jackson and St. Philip unsuccessfully for si.x days, decided to run the 
gauntlet with his fleet. They started early in the morning, and suc¬ 
ceeded in ])a.ssing tlie forts with very little d-nniitge. They were then 
attacked by the rebel fleet, and a desperate fight ensued. Tliirleen Con¬ 
federate gun-boats and three trans))orts were destroyed ; and one Union 
vessel WHS sunk, lighting to the la.st. The fleet eaiiie to anchor witliin 
twenty miles of New Grleans. The Confederate loss w'as 185 killed, 197 
wounded, and 400 j)risoners. The Union loss was 30 killed and 119 
wounded. 

25th.—The city of New' Orleans summoned to surremler. The forts 
on Luke Pontcluirtrain, in rear of New Orleans, ev.acuated. Fori Macon 
honibardt-il. —d'hree Union b.atteiies being plauted, they commenced the 
bombardment in eon)unction with the tleet, which lastbcl all day. 

2iUh.—.At 10 .A. M. Fort Macon surrendered to the combineil forces of 
Commodore Lockwood and General Burnside. Pi>'sident Lincoln went 
on board the Fiench frigate Gassendi, he being the first President to 
visit a foreign man-of-war. lie was received with the same honors paid 
to the Emperor of France. Conii)any II, of tlie 1st Massachusetts, 
.^lonned and carried an advance work of the Confederates at A'orktown, 
Va. 'I'lu'y took fourteen ]>risoners, ami lost three killeil :ind thirte(>o 
wuundotl. 'I'hc work wiis destroyed, Sovend capturos of blockada 


May, 1803.] 


HISTORY OF THE WAR. 


55 


runners by the fleet. Fight at Neo.sho, Mo., between M.ajor TTnbbnrd 
men of the Ist Mi.'<soiui Cavalry, aiid GOO Indians, under Colonels 
Conee and ritainw right, resulting in the defeat of the Indians, 'riiirty 
Indians were killed, sixty-two taken prisoners, and a large quantitv of 
stores captured. o j 

^th.—iort Livingston, La., and Purdy, Tens., evacuated by the 

iv r)0iS« 

28th.—Fort.s Jackson and 8t. Philip, finding themselves surrounded 
and cut otf, .surrendered to Commodore Porter, commanding the mortar 
fleet. The city of iN'ew Orleans was also surrendered to Commodore 
Farragut; General Lovell, with 20,(K)0 troop.s, had previou.sly evacuated 
the city. Skirmish at Monterey, Tenn., a short di.stance from Corinth, 
Miss. The rebels lost five, killed and eighteen prisoners, with horses 
and arms; Union los.s, one man wounded. General Hancock, with his 
brigade, .succeeded in silencing a rebel battery near Yorktown, which in¬ 
terfered with the working' parties of the Fede'rals. 

29th.—General Po))e's lorccs visited Monterey, Tenn., and brought ofT 
fifleen prisoners and a quantity of baggage, destroyed the rebel camp, 
and returned to Pittsburg. The gun-boat Hall destroyed a rebel work 
on the South Edisto River, S. C. A battle took place at Hridgeport, Ala., 
between General Mitchel’s National forces and General Kirby .Smith’s 
Confederates. The latter were defeated, with a los.s of 72 killei and 350 
taken prisoners. 

30th.—Schooner Maria captured near Charleston by the U. S. steamer 
Stmtiago de Cuba. Skirmish near Purdy, Tenn. The Unionists <Iestroyed 
two briflge.s, and destroyed railroad communication between Corinth and 
the North. 

Mat 1, 18G2.—At Corinth, Miss., four hundred German deserters, from 
a Loui.siana regiment, came into the Federal line.s and gave themselves 
up. The refuel steamer Bermuda captured by the U. .S. .steamer Jler- 
cedita; 42,000 pound.s of powder and a largo quantity of other warlike 
material were foumi in her. Skirmi.sh at Horton’s Mills, near Newborn, 
N. C. Yorktown besieged. 

2d.—The port of New Grleans opened for trade and commerce. 

3(1.—Skirmish tiear Farmington, Mi.ss. The rebels were defeated, with 
a loss of thirty killed and a large amount of camp equipage ; Union loss, 
two killed and twelve wounded. Yorktown ev.acuated ; the rebels leav¬ 
ing all their heavy guns, large quantities of ammunition, and camp 
equipage. 

4th.—General McClellan occupied Yorktown. The British steamer 
Circassian captured by the Ffaleral gun-boat Somerset, with a cargo 
valued at ^)<K),U00. General JIcBowell and staff entered Fredericks¬ 
burg. 

otli.—Governor Rector, ©f Arkansas, called on the people of that State 
to take up arms and drive out the “Hes.sians from the North.” Battle 
of WUliainxhnrfj. —The advance of General McClellan's army overtook 
the rear of the Confederates at Williamsburg, Va., when a fight ensued. 
The battle raged furiou.sly all day. Toward night General Hancock suc¬ 
ceeded iir turning the rebel left, when they broke and retreated under 
cover of the night. The Union loss was nearly 2,.500 in killed, wounded, 
ani missing; that of tlie Confederates 3,000. General Dumont, with a 
brigade of cavalry, routed a large force of rebel cavalry, after an hour’s 
fighting, at Lebanon, Ky. 

"otii.-^General McClellan occupied Williamsburg. Skirmish at Har¬ 
risonburg, Va.; ten rebels killed. 

7th.—General Franklin’s division was attacked near West Point, Va., 
h}’'the rel)els, l)Ut were compelled to retire after a hard fight, in which 
they lost 1,I'M)0 in killed and wounded; Union loss, about 2.')0. Informa- 
Uoti was received that the TusciU'ora had so oiroctuallv blockaded the 




5G 


HISTORY OP THE WAR. 


[Jlay, 1862. 


robfl fltoninor 8\imtor, that the captain was compelled to ftlscharge her 
crew and sell the vessel. Rebels .surprised and driven out of Gile^s’ 
Court-house, West Virginia. General McClellan succee(led in driving 
the rebels across the Cliickahominy, and advanced to within thirtj’-three 
miles of Richmond. 

8th.—Generals Milroy and Schenck, with nine regiments of Federal 
troops, had a battle with 14,000 rebel troops, under General Jackson, at 
McDowell, Va. The fight lasted from 6 t© o P. M., when the Union troops 
fell back to Franklin in good order. Union loss, 30 killed and 210 
wounded; that of the rebels very heavy, but not definitely known. Tho 
rebel batteries at Sewall’s Point and Craney Island bombarded. Four 
companies of the 7th Illinois Cavalry, reconnoitering, charged upon two 
regiments of rebel infantry, near Corinth, INliss. Major Applington was 
killed and four others Avbunded; the rebels lost thirty killed and 
wounded and four prisoners. Three iron-clad gun-boats ran the block¬ 
ade, of the Merrimac, and ascended the James River. Governor Clark, 
of North Carolina, refused to allow the North Carolina troops to leave the 
State. 

Oth.—The rebels evacuated Pensacola, Fla. They set fire to the forts, 
navy-yard, barracks, and marine hos])ital. This morning a company of 
rebel cavalry, contemplating a dash on Washington, N. C., were repulsed 
by the pickets, with the loss of their captain and five men. General 
Hunter “abolished slavery” in Georgia, South Carolina, and Florida. 
Twenty-eight men, guarding a bridge at Elkton Station, near Athens, 
Ala., after half an hour’s fight, were captured by 600 of Woodward’s rebel 
cavalry. Fight at Slater’s Mills, Va. General McClellan thanked by tho 
U. S. House of Representatives. Battle at Farmington, Sliss .—The rebel 
army, under llragg, was held in check for five hours ; but, being heavily 
reinforced, the Unionists, under General Paine, retired across the Ten¬ 
nessee River. Union loss, 21 killed and 140 wounded ; the reported robel 
loss was 420 killed and wounded. Burning Springs, West Virginia, burned 
by the rebels. General Burnside destroyed §50,000 worth of provisions 
on the Chowan River, destined for the Confederates. 

loth.—White House, on the Pamunkey River, occupied by the advance 
of General McClellan’s army. Union meeting in Sheppardsville, N. C. 
A conspiracy discovered in Paducah, to surrender that place to tho 
rebels. General Stoiieinan, of the Army of the Potomac, occupied New 
Kent Court-house. Cumberland, Va., on the. Pamunke 3 ^ occupied. 
Nav.'d engagement near Fort Pillow (or Wright,) on the Mississippi 
River. The Union fleet was victorious, and the vessels of the rebel 
fleet which were not disabled retreated under the guns of the fort. Gen¬ 
eral Butler seized §800,000 in specie at the Consulate of the Netherlands, 
in New Grleans. General Wool took pos.session of Norfolk. General 
Wool commissioned as Major-General of the Uniteai States army. 

11th.—Craney Island, Va., occupied by U. S. troops. One hundred and 
forty of Morgan’s cavalry captured, at Cave City, Ky., forty-eight freight 
and" two passenger cars, bound northward. They destro.ved the train. 
'I'heir object was to recapture some 280 rebel prisoners, but they had been 
taken off at Bowling Green. The rebel iron-clad Merrimac blown up by 
her commander, off Craney Island, Va. A rebel camp at Bloomtiehl, 
Mo., broken Tip. The gun-boats Freeborn and Island Belle cut out of 
I’iankatank River, Va., two largo schooners, one of which was loaded 
with whisky. 

12th.—Two entire regiments attempted to desert fi’om the rebel army 
at Coi'inth, but were forcilily detained. Taeutenant Flusser, of tlie Com¬ 
modore. Peny, recovered the Wliitc Point Light-hou.se apparatus near 
ElizalxTth City, N. C. General RlcClellan narrowly escaped being taken 
prisoner while, reconnoitering near the Confederate lines. 

13th;—Martini law established in Charleston, S. C. General Fremont’s 


Jfny, 1862.] 


niSTORT OP XnB WAR. 


57 


commund ronohod Franklin, West Virginia, by forced m.arehcH. Now 
Orleans Vi-escf.nl suppressed by General lUuler. 'I’he rebel anne*l 
steamer Planter, run out of Charleston by a colored ]iilot and crew, sur 
rendered to the U. iS. steamer Au^'usta. isutfolk, Va., occupied. Skinn 
ish at Monterey, Tonn. General Putler prohil)ited the observance of 
a tiist-d.ay as a))j)ointed hy one JeffersoH Davis." Natchez surrenderoil 
to Coiunmnder Palmer, of the Iroquois. General Negley oeciqiicd 
Kodgersville, in Northern Abbaina, and drove the rebels across the 
river. 

14th.—Skirmish at Trenton Bridge, N. C.; a rebel lieutenant and eight 
men killed. The rebel steamer Alice captured uj) the Roanoke River, 
near Williamstown. She had on board the church-bells of Plymouth 
N. C., which were to be cast into field i)ieces. 

l.Oth.—Seventeen men of General Geary’s command, at Ijoudon, Va., 
guarding company stores, resisted an attack of a body of rebel cav;drv 
variou.«!ly estimated at from 8(H) to 6(Xi. The guard were finally over- 
])Oweroa; one was killed and fourteen taken prisoners. The rebels re¬ 
treated as the main body came up. Tlie gun-boats Galena, Monitor. 
Aroostook, Naugatuck, and Port Poyal repulsed from Fort Darling. 'I'lie 
Naugatuck’s lOO-pounder Parrott gun exploded at the fir.st fire. Great 
excitement in Richmond on the advance of the Army of the Potomac. 
Skirmish at liatesville, Mo. Re'oels repulsed, losing three jn-isoners. 

Kith.—(ieneral Butler suppressed the New Orleans lice, and took mill 
lary pos.session of the Delta office; he also issued an order prohibiting 
the circulation of Confederate notes. Darien, Ga., iKunliarded by Union 
gun-boats; no damage done. The rebel conscrijAion not went into 
operation. 

17th.—Surrender of Galveston, Texas, dem.anded. The Foderol army 
advanced toward Corinth ; severe skirmishing. The advance of the 
Army of the Potomac reached Bottom’s Bridge, fifteen miles from Rich¬ 
mond. 

18th.—One hundred and fifty Feder.als and 600 rebels had a fight ncai 
Sea,rcy, .■Vrk.; the latter were routed, leaving 150 on the fiehl. Fight at 
Princeton, Va. The Unionists lost 80 killed and 70 wounded. Sur 
render of Vicksburg demanded. 

19th.—General Stoneman’s cavalry advanced to within fourteen mile.s 
of Richmond. General Hunter’s })roclamation of emancipation repudi¬ 
ated by the President. Lieutenant Whitesides, with eight men of the Gth 
Cavalry, captured 100 mules belonging to the rebels, en route to Ri<d.- 
mond. Tlie rebel.s at City Point, Va., fired upon a flag of truce which 
liad come ashore on a supiiosed errand of humanity, and killed three 
men, wounded two, and took four oflieers and .six men who had landed 
as prisoners; only one e.scaped, and he swam to the .ship with the boat’s 
jiainter in his mouth, hauling his dead and wounderl comra'les. .John 
T. Monroe, Mayor of New Orleans, arrested and sent to Fort Jack.«on. 

20th.—Edward Stanley appointed Military Governor of North Carolina. 
A train of seventeen wagons captured and de.stroyed bv the guerrilla.s, 
near Rolla, Mo.; eighty-,six mules were carried off. I’ucson, y\rizona, 
occu])ied without opjiosition. Rebel jiickets driven across Bottom’.^ 
Bridge. General Stoneman reached New Bridge. 

2Lst.—Battle of Philip’s Creek, Mi.ss., was fought to-day. G'-meral 
Davies commanded the Union forces. The rebels were nmulsed, leav¬ 
ing a great many pri.soners and supifiies in the hands of the victors. 
Artillery fighting at Fort Pillow. Sivirmi.slung near Coiinth. General 
Banks’ cavalry cha.sed Ashby’s cavalry several miles at full .galloj), 
killed six, took six prisoners, and returned without the loss of a man. 

22d.—Union meeting at Portsmouth, Va. A jiarty of the 17th Mas.sa- 
chusetts were ambushed near Newbern, N. C., while on a scout; they lost 
three killed and eight wounded, and withdrew. A portion of GeneraJ 


TTISTOKV' of nil? WAR. 


58 


pSTfiy, 18C3. 


McClellan’s army crossed the Chickahominy at Bottom’s Bridge and 
New Bridge. 

lidd.—Colonel Kenley, commanding Front Boyal, Va., was driven 
tlicnco by a largo force of rebels, under Ewell. The Union loss was very 
lieavy. Caj)tafn Tilford, with 40 men, fought 200 Texans for three 
hours, seven miles from Fort Craig, N. I\i., but was finally obliged 
to retreat to the fort, with the loss ol three wounded. Battle of Lewis- 
burg, Va. 3,0uu Confederates, under General Heath, attacked two regi¬ 
ments, under Colonel Crook. After a spirited fight of an hour, the rebels 
were routed in utter eonfusiion; thirty-eight dead and sixty-six wounded 
were left on the field; 100 prisoners, ;100 stand of arms, and four jiieces 
of artillery were cajitured. Union loss, ten killed and forty wounded. 
Grand Gulf, Miss., shelled. _ _ 

21th.—Skirmish near Fort Pillow. The gun-boat Benton joined in the 
fight; after a short engagement she retired. Skirmish at Cold Har¬ 
bor, near New Bridge ; sixty or seventy rebels were killed, fifteen wounded, 
and thirty-seven taken prisoners. General Stoneman, with the advance 
of the Army of the Potomac, penetrated as far as Mechanicsville, five 
miles from Richmond. 'J’he British steamer Stettin captured while 
attemiding to run the blockade of Charleston. Skirntishing daily near 
Corinth and Richmond. United States brig Bainbridge captured the 
steamer Swan otf the coast of Cuba. She h.ad l.txX) bales of cotton and 
8U0 barrels of rosin on board. The expenses of the army, since April 1, 
has averaged §1,000,000 per d.ay. The 800 men sent to the aid of Colonel 
Kenley were, with the exception of 150, all captured. General Banks 
reached Winchester, on his retreat from Strasburg. 

25th.—General Banks was again attacked by Generals Jackson and 
Ewell witli 15,000 men. General Banks’ force was but 4,tX)0 strong. The 
government called for more troojis. General McDowell encamped six 
miles from Fredericksburg, on his way to Richmond. Reconnoissahee, 
by the gun-boat Kennebec, of the works .at Vicksburg, Jliss. 

'2Gth.—7th New York Militia left New York for Wasliington, in answer 
to the call for troops to defend the Capital. General lianks reached 
Williamsport, Md. In his whole retreat he lost but 50 wagons out of 500; 
35 miles were traversed in one day. Confiscation bill passed the House. 
The British steamer Parras captured otl'Charleston ; she was loaded with 
ordnance and medical stores. 

27th.—Fitz-John Porter defeated the rebels at Hanover Court-house, 
killing 100 and capturing 500. Bombardment of Fort Pillow resumed. 
Norfolk Day-Book suppre.ssed, by order of General VieR. General 
Sigel called to Washington. 

28th.—Women and children moved from Richmond. Governor Stanley 
closed the colored schools at Nowbern. The U. S. mail steamer Northern 
Light captured the rebel .schooner Agnes H. Ward. She was laden with 
cotton, turi)entine, and tobacco, and was flying the rebel flag. She was 
taken to New York. Charleston and Savannah Railroad, at Pocotaligo, 
S. C., destroyed, by order of Colonel Christ. Pierre Soule arrested in 
New Orleans'by General Butler. Skirmish at Cache River Bridge, Ark.; 
i-ebels routed and pursued .several miles. Reeonnoissance in force at 
Corinth; rebels driven back with considerable loss. They left 30 dead 
on the field ; Union loss was 25 killed and wounded. General Banks wa.s 
largely reinforced. 

2‘Jth.—English steamer Elizabeth captured by the gun-boat Keystone 
State oil’ Charleston. Some Federal cavalry dashed into Ashland, Va., 
in time to capture a large train with (piarter-master and commis.sary 
stores. Near the ‘‘Seven Pines” tlie rebels attacked General Casey’s 
piclvcta at sunrise thi.s morning; the pickets were driven back, but, 
being reinforced, regained their former ]>osition. The New Orleans Bee 
r.esumed publication, having made e.xDlan dious to General Butler. The 


Jiine, 18G2.] HISTORY OF THE WAR. 59 

6Ui Cavalry hnrne<l the bri.l^rp over South Anna River; it was 500 feet 
long. Corintli evacuated hytieneral Heaurogard. 

(reneral JIalleck occuj>icd Corinth. Severe .skirmi.sliing on the 
Chickahoiuiny. Fn>nt Royal reoccupied. Ceneral .Ia< k.son jnade an 
attempt to dislodge the rs'ational forces at Harper’s Ferry, but was 
I’epulsed. The Khglisli iron steiuner Cambria arrived at Iscw York, a 
prize to the gun-boat Huron. She was loaded with war iruiterial. 

3lst.—A l)ody of ‘200 or .iOO Illinois volunteers, under Captain Richard¬ 
son., attacked a force of 5(Ni Indians and rebels at Neo.sho, Mo., but wore 
compelled to fall liack to Mount Vernon. Tlie Federal !o,«s was ‘2 killed, 
3 wouniied, .50 hor3e.s, and a lot of camp equi}>age, etc. The reliel 
schooner Cora captured off Charleston by the Keystone State. The gun¬ 
boat Kennebec arrived at Baton Rouge, La. Inght near Wasliington, 
K. C. General Banks advanced beyonaMartinsburg. Little Rock, Ark., 
occupied by the Union troojis. (Jominenvemettt of the Hatties before liich- 
wond .—.\t 10 o’clock tliis morning, taking advantage of a heavy .storm 
w hich had flooded the valley, the main body of the rebels, under General 
Joe Johnston, attacked the'Union advance'which had crossed the river 
at Fair Oaks and Seven Pines. General Casey’s division was overpowered 
and fell back. General Couch’s division came to the rescue, and checked 
the further advance of the relwls. The tight wa.s desperate, and lasted 
until night. The rebels occupied the groumi they had won. 

JuMB 1, 1802.—The battle of Fair Oaks was resumed this morning at 
daylight, and continued all day. In one of the brilliant bayonet charge.s 
made by the Union troops the rebels were driven back toward Richmond. 
The Union loss in this battle was 890 killed, 3,(327 wounded, and 1,217 
missing. The rebels acknowledged a loss of 8,000, including five Gen¬ 
erals. They left 1,‘200 dead on tlie field. General Fremont’s advance 
occupied StVashurg, Va., without opposition. Brigadier-General Wright 
cro.s.sed from PIdisto Island, 8. C., to the main-land, the rebel pickets 
retreating. I'’ortifications and barracks at Pig Point, Va., destroyed. 

2d.—.V rel>el gun-boat vi.sited Ju<*k.sonport, Ark., and destroyed a quan¬ 
tity of cotton and molasses. Union meeting in Colnmbi.a, Tenn. Kew’ 
York Fire Zouaves mustered out. General Hunter’s force, oj>erating 
against Charleston, landed on James Island without opposition. Skirmisli 
at Washington, N. C.; three of the Fe.derals were taken prisoners. Gen¬ 
eral P’remont defeated General Jackson near Strasburg. 

3d.—General Robert E. Lee placed in command of the rebel army at 
Richmond. General Hooker, reconnoitering, reached a point within tour 
miles of Richmond. Genenil Sigel a.ssumed command at Harper’s Ferry. 

4th.—General Halleck reported that General Pope was 30 miles .south 
of Florence, .Ma., with 40,ooo men, and pushing the enemy hard. Ho 
had cai)tured 10,000 prisoners and 15,000 stand of arms and 9 rocomotives. 
Fort Pillow (or Wright) evacuated by the. rebels and occufiied by the 
Union forces: the fleet steamed directly for Memphis. Pdght at Jasner, 
Tenn.; rebels defeated. 1,000 pri.soners taken at Shiloh rcpoi-ted at 
Nashville, having been paroled by the rebels because they were unable 
to feed them. 

5th.—Volunteer recruiting .service reopened in the North. The rebel 
artillery endeavored to prevent the building of a new bridge over the 
Chickahominy ; they were compelled to desist. The Chickahominy rose, 
to an unprecedented hight by heavy rains. Union fleet arrived beforo 
Memphis. 

Cth.—Brilliant naval fight on the Mississippi River, near Memphis ; the 
rebel fleet was almo.st entirely destroyed. After the battle Memphis was 
surrendered. General Fremont’s army resehed Ilarri.sonburg, Va., dmve 
the relx'ls out, and captured their can'ip. T.ax bill passed the Senate by 
37 to 1, (Powell, of Kentucky.) General McClellan’s army crossed tho 
Chickahominy. 


60 


HISTORY OF THE WAR. 


[June, 18G2. 


7tl\.—Union meeting in Shelbyville, Tenn. Willinm Mumford, n citi¬ 
zen of New Urlenns, lumg by order of General Jfntler, for j)ulllng down 
the American Hag from the mint after tlie city had surrendered. Mein])his 
formally occnpieii by tlio military forces. Rebel batteries at Cliattanooga 
silenced. 

{jth. —Battle of Crons Keys, T'rt. —General Fremont attacked Stonewall 
Jackson at Gross Keys, seven miles from Harrisonburg, Va., at this 
monimg, and drove him out after a severe light. The Union loss was 
about tido killed, wounded, and missing ; the rebel loss was tmknown, as 
they carrieil off their dead and a ounded. The rebel General Ashbj- was 
killed in this engagement. A reconnoitcring jiarty from James Island, 
S. G., drove the rebels a distance of two miles, and penetrated to within 
three miles of Charleston. General .Jackson, in his retreat, came njion 
the ailvance of General Shields’ division at Port Republic, Va. After a 
hard tight tlie advance fell back, and the rebels continued their retreat. 
Genenn Halleck occr.[>ied Grand Junction, Tenn. General Beauregard 
had retreated fifty miles from Corinth. 

10th.—The fight on Janies Island, S. C., lasted two hours; the rebels 
were defeated. They lost 17 killed, oO wounded, and six prisoners ; Union 
loss, killed and Ih wounded. General Fremont’s army reached Port 
Itepublic, Va. The rebels kept up a cannonading at Savage’s Station, 
Va., without etfect. 

11th.—‘25 bushwhackers were captured near Montgomery, Ky., and 
carried to Louisville. The Union loss in the fight was two killed. Gen¬ 
eral Hindman threatened to hang every Federal soldier he caught if 
General Curtis hanged certain jiersons as outlaws. Four guns cajAured 
by the Union troops at James Island, S. C. Rebel schooner Princeton 
captured. 

12th.—Fight near Village Creek, Ark.; rebels defeated, losing 28 killed, 
wounded, and prisoners; Union loss, 1 prisoner and 12 wounded. Skirm¬ 
ishing on the Chickahorniny. General Fremont occupied Mount Jack 
son, Va. The Confederates evacuated Cumberland Gap. 

13th.—.300 rebels burned a chapel and dwelling-house, and killed and 
wounded a number of negroes, on Hutchinson’s Island, 8. C. On the 
approach of the U. S. steamer Dale the rebels fled. General IMcClellan’s 
jackets driven in from Old Church. Federal flag raised at Gretna, La., 
amid p-eat rejoicings. Another fight on .James Island; relxils defeated, 
with a loss of li) killed and 6 wounded; Union loss, 3 killed and 19 wounded. 

14th.—Captain Atkinson and 20 men of the loth Indiana captured 6,200 
pounds of powder .at Sycamore Mills, 30 miles from Nashville, Tenn. 

15th.—Rebel General J. E. B. Stuart made a cavalry raid through the 
lines of the right wing of the Union army, and burned two .schooners on 
the Pamunkey, at Garlick’s Landing; afterward he fired on a railro.ad 
train, but failed to cajiture it; he then went around the left w'ing and 
entered Richmond to-day. Considerable activity manifested in the rebel 
lines to-day. The Monitor arrived at City Point. 

16th.—Tire Union troojis were repulsed in an attack to dislodge the 
rebels in their intrenched position at Seecssionville, on James Island; 
Union loss, 68.5 killed, wounded, and missing. The rel>els attempted to 
flank a portion of the Union troo}>s at htair Gaks, but were repulsed. 

17th.—Major-General Hindman, of the rebel army in Arkansas, called 
ujion all citizens to form companies for home defense, and to harass the 
Federal trooj's in their operations. Batteries at City Point, Va., silenced, 
fl'he gun-boat Mound City blew- up in an attack on a rebel battery at St. 
Charles, on White River, Ark. But 10 out of 175 comjiosing tlie crew 
escaped ; many were shot by the rebels while in the water. The battery 
was captured, the rebels losing 125 killed and 30 wounded. The stage 
from Fort Scott was sto)>ped near Kansas City, Mo., and robbed; the 
express ageufs trunk, coutaiuing $10,000, was thrown aside as wortliless. 


June, 1SG2.] 


HISTORY OP THE WAR. 


61 


18th.—Major Zeley and a party of Union troops captured (he rebel 
Captain Jones amt 14 of his men near Smitliville, Ark.; Union loss, two 
killed and four wounded. Skirmish at Tallahatchie, Fla. An e.xpedi- 
iion, under Colonel Kimball, from Is'ew (Jrleans, di.spersed a band of 
rebel.s at Manchac, La. They left everything. The bridge at Jlancdiao 
I’ass was burned by the ejcj^editioii. Emancipation bill pa.ssed the House 
by 82 to 54. 

TJth.—Daily skirmishing by the Army of the Potomac. Schoorjcr 
Loui.sa, with a cargo of cotton, a steam tug-boat, and two Hat-boats 
loiuled with rice, were captured in the Santee River by a boat’s crew 
Irom the Albatross. 

20th.—General Sherman’s command occupied Holly Spring.s, Miss.; 
the relx.'ls had removed their armory to .Vtlanta, Ga. Tlic brig Yankee 
IMade arrived in New York from New (Jrleans, laden with sugar, molasses, 
and cotton. She was the lirst arrival .since the remi.ssion of the blockatle. 
Pre.sident Lincoln approved the bill prohibiting slavery in the Territories 
of the United States. 

2lst.—Lar^e and enthusia.stic Union meeting at New Orleans. Skirm¬ 
ishing at Battle Creek, Tenn. Fight near Fair Oaks, Va.; rebel.s 
repulsed with "rent loss; Union loss, two killed and seven wounded. 
Fight at Simoivs Blutf, S. C. Captain Keenan, with two companies o^ 
cavalry, pivsscd the rebel pickets and reached the James River. 

22d.—A detachment of the 0th Illinois Cavalry captui’ed, at Coldwater 
Station, M. ami T. Railroad, 25 men and 20,000 pounds of bacon. Three 
men were killed and eight wounded by the rebels firing on a train con¬ 
taining a party of the 8th Vermont Regiment, on a reconnoissance from 
Algiers, l^a. 

2Jd.—Martial law established in Norfolk and Portsmouth. General 
Casey apjiointed to superintend the removal of the stores, etc., from 
White House, })rior to General McClellan’s change of Ijase. 

24th.—General Earl Van Dorn a.ssumed command of the District of 
I.ouisiana. The troops at Harper’s Ferry commenced to fortify Bolivar 
Hights. 

2.5th.—General Hooker’s division of the Army of the Potomac fought 
the rebels for seven hours at Oak Grove, Va., and drove them back ; 
Union lo.ss was over 200 in killed and wounded. General McClehan com¬ 
menced his change of base of ojierations to the James River. Two 
schooners, GO bales of cotton, 200 barrels of turpentine, and 50 barrels of 
resin were burned at Little River Inlet, S. C., by two armed boats from 
the Monticello. General Butler confiscated all the property of David E. 
Twiggs, late of the U. S. army. Lhiion ram fleet arrived off Vicksburg, 
and communicated with Commodore Fari-agut. Jackson’s rebel cavalry 
visited plantations in the neighborhood of iMemphis, and destroyed large 
quantities of cotton. General Williams, with four regiments of infantry 
and two batteries of artillery, arrived at Vicksburg to-day, A train of 
cars, with provisions, on the Memphis and Ohio Railroad, was captured 
oy the rebels; they destroyed the locomotive, burneil the car.s, and 
killed ten men. 

20th.—Porter’s mortar fleet .shelled the rebel batteries at Vicksburg for 
three hours to-day. The forces of Generals Fremont, Bank.s, and Bid )ow- 
ell were consolidated in one army corps, under command of Ma,jor-Gen- 
eral Pope. Lieutenant-Colonel hillet, of the ram fleet, went up the Yazoo 
River after some rebel ve.ssels. The rebels fired them and .sent them 
down the stream, compelling Colonel Ellet to retreat. Rebel schooner 
Zaidee, instead of running the bloekadtt, ran ashore and was burned. 
Ra«/e c/Jfec/iaMtcsfR/c.—Tlie fight commenced at noon, by an attack of 
the rebel forces, commanded by General Lee in person, in overwhelming 
numliers, on General McCall’s division. It lasted till night, increasing in 
fury as it progressed, and was one of the hardest and most terrific battles 


HISTORY OF THE UAR. 


C2 


[July, 1862. 


of the campaign. The Union loss wa.s 80 killed and about loO wounded ; 
the rebel loss was rejiorted at 1,000. 

27tli.—'■J'he canal intended to isolate Vicksburg from the Mississippi 
Hi ver, and to alter the passage of the boats, was commenced to-day, under 
the sui)enntendenee of Brigadier-General Williams. The fleet renewed 
the bombardment of the batteries. A skirmish took place at Williams’ 
Bridge, on the Amite River, La.; Colonel Keith’s 21st Indiana defeated 
trie rebels; returning to Baton Rouge, he encountered and defeated 
another body of rebels. General Fremont was relieved of bis command 
at his own request. The British steamer Modern Greece ran aground 
near Port Fisher, N. G.; she was laden with munitions of war. The 
municipal government of New Orleans suspended by (General tihiplev, 
military commandant. Battle of Gaines' Milts .— The Uninn forces made 
a stand'here, and were attacked by greatly superior forces of the rebels, 
who attempted, by massing them in various jilaees, to break the Federal 
lines, but they were cliecked in every instance ; until, finally, they broke 
the Union left wing, when the troops, finding themselves outflanked, fell 
hack, but the advance of the rebels was checked by the arrival of fresh 
troops. Night closed the battle. The Union troops crossed to the south 
side of the river. Both sides lost very heavily. The Union dead were 
estimated at 300, and the wounded were innuinerable. 4,000 prisoners 
were reported lost on that day. White House, Va., was evacuated by 
General lAIcClellnn, and all the .stores which could not be removed were 
ordered to be destroyed. Severe fight at Village Creek, Ark. The Union 
forces, under Colonel Bracket, of the 0th Illinois Cavalry, finding it 
impossible to dislodge the rebels, who were strongly posted, withdrew, 
losing 1 killed and 31 wounded. 

28th.—Skirmish with the Indians near Rocky Ridge, Utah; two white 
men and one Indian were killed. General Hindman burned the railroad 
'nridge at Madis#n, ,\rk., to prevent its u.se by General Ctirtis. Battle of 
the Chickaliomiuij, Fa. — Fitz-John Porter’s eorjis bore the brunt of the 
day’s fight. Commodore Farragut reported that the Union fleet passed 
up*above Vicksburg, silencing the rebel batteries, and that he had com¬ 
municated with General Halleck and Commodore Davis. 

2hth.—The British steamer Ann was cut out from under the guns of 
Fort Morgan by the PT. S. steamer Kanawha. Battle of Beach Orchard 
and Savage's Station .— The Conteder.atcs still pressed on the Union troops, 
who reserved their fire until the rebels M'ere within close range, when 
they fired with terrible etfeet. General Burns’ brigade of Sumner’.s 
corps bore the hottest of the fight. Sumner held the rebels in check 
until night. Ashby’s cavalry eajdured Moorefield, Va., and made 
])risoner.s of a company of the Maryland Home Guard. Bombardment 
of Viedvsburg continued. 

.30th.— Battle of Whilc-oalc Stcamp. — This fight lasted nearly the whole 
day. As the troops ne.ared the James River, the gun-boats opened fire 
and caused great havoc in the rebel ranks ; they were again checked, and 
night closed the battle. John W. Andrews, of New Orleans, w’as sen¬ 
tenced to two years’ close confinement at hard labor on the fortifications 
at Ship Island, and allow'cd no communication with any one, for publicly 
showing a cross which he boasted wars made of the bones of a Y.ankee 
soldien Fidel Keller and Mrs. Phillips w'ere sent to Ship Island for simi¬ 
lar desecrations. The U. S. steamer Sagamore m.ade an attack on the 
town of Tampa, Fla., and silenced the jn’otecting batteries, but finally 
she retired. 

Jm.Y I, 1862. — Battle of Malvern Hill .— The Federal army reached the 
cover of the gun-boats on James River, and took up a po.«ition on Mai 
vern Hill, where they were vigorously assailed by the whole Confederate 
army, who were repulsed at all points. The battle raged till dark. The 
loss in these battles is set down at 1,005 killed, 7,701 w ounded, and 5,953 


July, 1862.] 


HISTORY OF THE WAR. 


03 


mis-sing—total, l.".2‘24. The rebel lo.ss wa.s never fully known, but wa.<j 
eupposeil to be fully •20,ooti. liattle at Booneville, Mi.ss. Colonel .Sheri¬ 
dan, of tile 2d iMiehigan Cavalry, with a body of Union troon.M, defeated 
4,7UU rebel.s artor seven holies’hard lighting. Thej'left (io dead on the 
held ; the Union lo.s.s was 41 killed, wounded, and inis.sing. Fre.sident 
Lincoln called for 300,000 more men. Commodore Forter’.s lleet bom¬ 
barded the batterie.s at Vicksburg and prevented the construction of 
Vvork.s against the Meet. General ilutier sent General Twiggs’ svvord.s, 
which he had seized, to Washington. 

2d.—The Army of tlic Potomac reached Harrison’s Landing, on Jamo^ 
Hi ver. 

3d.—The news of the retreat of lileClellan’.s arm}' caused great excito- 
inent in the North, and had a very discouraging etl'ect. Biig Delilah 
ciiptured otf the Hole-in-the-Wall, .\baco, by the U. 8. steamer Quaker 
City, rikirmish on the Janies River ; the rebels lost six guns and a num¬ 
ber of pn.soners. City Point, Va., destroyed. 

4th.—American flag rai.sed in Te.xas, being the only State where it h.ad 
not waved since the outbreak. The National anniversary was enthusi¬ 
astically celebrated all over the North, and at various foreign places by 
the .American residents. Salutes were tired at the different head-quarters 
of the army. General McClellan issued a congratulatory order to his 
troops, for their bravery and fortitude during the late battles. Skirmish 
at Port Royal Ferry, S. C. The British schooner Richard O’Brien, with 
a curj'o of medicines, etc., captured near San Luis Pass by the Rhode 
Island. Skirmish at Grand Haze, Ark. The rebel gun-boat Teaser cap¬ 
tured. 

6th.—.letf Thompson called upon the people of Mis.s.issippi, “ old and 
young, to perform the watching and jacket duty which your knowledge 
of the country peculiarly fits you for.” Bombardment of the batterie.s 
at Vicksbur" continued. 6«th Regiment Illinois Volunteers, Lieutenant- 
Colonel Taylor commanding, left Caniji Butler, Illinois, for the seat of 
war in Virginia. 

i;th.—Fight at Grand Pnairie, .\rk., between 2iX) of the 24th Indiana and 
460 rebel cavalry. The cavalry were defeated. Their loss was 84 killed, 
wounded, and missing; Union loss, 1 killed and 21 wounded. 

7th.—.\nglo-rebel steamer Adela was cajitured otf Abaco by the Quaker 
City; and the steamer Eniilie otl’ Belle’s Bay, S. C., by the steamer Flag 
and bark Restless. General Burnside’s army arrived in James River. 
Battle of the Cache, Ark. A body of 400 Federal troojjs, under Colonel C. E. 
Ilovey, reinforced, toward the close of the tight, by 200 cavalry, engaged 
and defeated a body of rebels near 2,000 strong. The reV)els lost 200 
killed, besides a greitt number wounded and jirisoners; Union loss, 7 
killed and 67 wounded. 

8th.—General Butler authorized the raising of lo}'al regiments in Loui¬ 
siana. John Ross, the Cherokee Chief, announced to Colonel Weer, the 
commandant at Leavenworth, Kansas, that the whole Cherokee Nation 
had formed an alliance with the Confederate Shoes. President Lincoln 
visited Harrison’s Landing and reviewed the troop.s. General Burnside’s 
army formed a junction with McClellan’s. 

fjth.—Public meetings in England called on the British Government to 
mediate in the war, and, if neces.sary, to acknowledge the independence 
of the South. Fight at Tompkinsville, Ky., between Morgan’s guerrillas, 
1,600 strong, and 2,60 of the 3d Pennsylvania Cavalry, under Major Joi;dau. 
The Unionist.s were deleateu, lOsing 4 killed, 0 wounded, and 10 prison¬ 
ers. Hamilton, N. C., occujiiea by the 9th New York Zouaves. 

10th.—The Provost-Marshal of Memphis ordered all j)ersons connected 
with the rebel army or government to leave the city, with their families, 
witliin five days. 90 guerrillas cajitured near Gallatin, Tenn. John Mor- 
gim called upon the citizens of Kentucky “to rise and arm, and drive 


HISTORY OP THE WAR. 


64 


[July, 18G2. 


tho Hosslfin invade7S from their soil.” Rebel army retreatotl from tlio 
front of the Army of tlie Potomac. 

11th.—General* llalleek appointed Gener.al-in-chief of the armies of 
the United .States. Skirmish at Williamshurfi, Va.; rebels defeated, 
losing y kiileii and 7 ])ri.souers. Skirmish at Plea.'^ant Hill, I\!o. ; rebels 
defeated, with a los.s of li killed and 5 wounded. Rebels routed at New 
Hope, Ky. Rebel General Ru,“gle.s refused to allow the people of .St. 
'■J'ammany Parish to exchange their manufaeture.s for food with the citi¬ 
zens of New Orleans, osth IlliiK)i.s Volunteers jiassed through Wa.sh- 
ington City, being the lirst regiment from that State in the National 
Capital. 

12th.—The Senate passed the confiscation bill by 27 to 13. General 
Curti.s’ advance, under General Washburn, re.ached Helena, Ark., after 
a forced march of Oj miles in a day and a night. John Morgan cajitured 
Lebanon, Ky., defeating a small body of Union troops stationed there. 
I'hitlmsiastic meetings were lield all over the Northern States, to encour¬ 
age enlistments under the Pre.sident’s call for 300,000 men. The rclxd 
General Smith thanked his army at V^icksburg for the successful defenso 
they made agaiiut the Union forces. Hn.shwh.ackers plundered the town 
of Fairmount, IMo., and carried otf several citizens. The sanitary con¬ 
dition of New Orleans, under the .superintendence of General Shepley, 
was repre.senteil as very healthy. Fight at Culpepper, Va. ; the rebels 
(cavalry) were routed, having 1 killed, 5 woundeil, and 11 taken prison¬ 
ers. .4bout 200 Unionists of North Alabama joined the Union forces at 
i)ecatur, Ala. The Union ram Switzerlaml went up tlie Yazoo. General 
Rutler eonliscated 3,tK)0 .slaves employed on the Vickshni'g canal. 

loth.—The Union troops destroyed the railroad bridge, cut the tele¬ 
graph wire, and destroyed the battery at Rapidan Station, Va.; two or 
three fights took place, but the reliols were driven otf. Guerrillas caj)- 
tm*ed Memphis, Mo., and rolibcd the place. Great excitement in various 
towns ill Kentucky, anticipating a visit from tlie guerrilla Morgan. Gen¬ 
eral Boyle ordered out all the militia to reiiel any attack. Murfreesboro, 
Tenn., cajitured by the roliel General Forre.<t; ;?. 30 ,(H,K) worth of properly 
was destroyed. (Tcneral Crittenden and Acting General Uuflield were 
taken prisoners, together with tlie whole garrison. Loss heavy on both 
sides. 

14th.—General Pojie formally assumed command of tlie Army of Vir¬ 
ginia in the field. President Lincoln sent a message to Congress, ' eeom- 
mending the {las.snge of a bill to aitl any .State which should aboli.sh slavery. 

1.1th.—General Twiggs died at Augusta, Ga. Major Miller, with ooO 
cavalry, defeated, near Fayettoville, Ark., the rebol forcos, 1,000 strong, 
with great loss. The robci iron-clad ram .4rkansas ran the blockade of 
the Yazoo River, and passed through the Union lleet, and anchored under 
the gnus of the shore batteries. The gim-boats’ fire had no effect on 
her. Several were killed and wounded on the lleet by tlie shots from the 
Arkansas. Guerrillas robbed tlie soldiers’hospital at Henderson, Ky.; 
the )>alients had been removed to Evansville, Jiul. Tlie rebel Colonel 
Morgan cut the telogra{)h wire and tore up the railroad at Mi<Iway, Ky., 
and then left. Large and cntluisiastie pub.lie meeting at Union .Square, 
New York. General Blunt deleated the Coufederate.s'in the Indian Ter- 
1 ‘it.ory ; they lost 20U men. 

loth.—W! H. Asjfimvall, of New Ymrk, presented tlie War Department 
with hisclieck for §2."i.2!)0 GO, a.s his share of profits of a contract for ariii.s 
jmrehased by Howland and Aspinvvall for the government. The Depait- 
iricnt returned its thanks for this evidence of his patriotic spirit. Gen¬ 
eral llalleek took h'avo of the Army of tlie I^Iississijipi. Tlie British 
schooner Agno.s captured off Abaeo Island. The Confederate Goveni- 
nient recognized “partisan rangers” (guorrillas) us part of the Confed¬ 
erate provisional army. 


July, ISUiJ.J 


HISTORY OF THI5 WAR. 


65 


17th.—Goneml Pojie’s oiivnlry oocuj)iP(l GoMonfivlll<?, Va., and do- 
.atroyed the railroad junction and a quantity of ^stores, (iyntliiana, Ky., 
ca})tured by Morgan after a severe tiglit. .Sinall-currency act approved 
by the President, also the conliscalion .acd. Congress adjourned. C4en- 
eral Nelson assumed command at Naslwille. A scouting party often 
men of Wolford’s (Ky.) cavalry were .attacked by 00 rebels, near Colum¬ 
bia, Tenn. The Unionists took vefuge in a house in the neighborhood. 
The tight lasted six hours, when tlie rebels retreated, losing some. No¬ 
body hurt on the Union side. 

Ibth.—Cincinnati greatly excited in consequence of an apprehended 
attack from .John Morgan. Volunteers were called out for thirty days, 
and the city placed under martial law. duo Unionist, under Major Clop- 
ner, defeate<f ooo retiels near Memjdiis, .Mo. ; losses lieavv on both sides. 
Nevvburg, In<l., entered l)y Captain Johnson’s band of'guerrillas, and 
robbed to a considerable extent. Exciting debate in the Priti.sh iJouse 
of Commons on the motion of Mr. Lindsay to ofl'er mediation in this 
country. The motion was finally withdrawn. General Pojie i.ssued 
orders that the Army of Virginia inust subsist on the country through 
■which it passed, aii'l holding citizens responsible for any damage done 
to r.ailroads, telcgrajihs, or lines of travel of the army. 

I'Jth.—General iUitler issued .an order emancipating all negroes sent to 
New Orleans voluntarily by their masters. Meetings held all over the 
country to encourage enli.stments. 

‘2uth.—.A body of cavalry from Erederioksburg made a descent on the 
Virginia Central Kailroad,'at Heaver Dam Creek, destroyed the railroad 
an<l telegraph for several miles, and burned the depot, which contained 
large quantities of commissary and ordnance .stores; only one trooper 
was w'ounded. Skirmish near Orange Court-hou.se ; the Unionists retired 
before reinforcement.'- to the enemy, swam the Kapidan, and camped on 
the opposite side. Hkirmish on the James River, at Ilaxall Landing. 

‘21st.—Three bridges burned on the Chattanooga Railroad, near Nash¬ 
ville. The rebels celebrated the anniversary of the battle of Manassas 
at Richmond. General Hoyle i.ssued an order jirohibiting disloyal per¬ 
sons becoming c.andidates* for office in Kentucky. General Ross, at 
Bolivar, Tenn., demande<l three-fourths of the male .slaves to work on 
the fortific.ations. The rel->el steamer Reli.ance, with a large cargo of 
cotton, captured by the Huntsville. John B. Phelps created Military 
Governor of .Arkansas. 

*2‘2d.—Convenlion for tlie exchange of prisoners; General Dix, for the 
Federals, and (feneral U. H. Jlill, for the Confederates, agreed on a h.asis 
of exchange. A body of guerrillas burned the commissary and quarter¬ 
master’s warehouses, and all the cotton, at Florence, .Ala. ; they took 
also the steamer Colonna, and robbed and burned her ; they then visited 
Chickasaw, Eastport, .and Waterloo, and burned all the cotton they could 
find. Sixty wagon-loads of stores cajitured by the rebels near Pittsburg 
Landing. The Union ram Queen of the West tried to sink the rebeJ 
ram Arkansas, but being badly sujiported, the ()ueen got the worst of it. 
Biege of Vicksburg abandoned : the c.anal did not promise success. 
During the past twelve days Colonel Morgan has been in receipt of .all 
tlie telegraph mes.sages from head-quarters in Louisville, and the 
movement of the Union army anticipated and defeated. 

‘2.‘kl.—General Pope ordered the seizure of all horses, mules, and .stores 
within the lines of the army, except such as were absolutely needed hiy 
the people. Pdght near Florida, Mo., between one company of Union 
cavalry, under Major Caldwell, and 300 rebels of I’orter’s g.ang ; the Fed¬ 
erals retreated, with a loss of 2fi men. Colonel Kilpatrick defeated the 
relieks on the North .Anna River; he then de.stroj'Cil a railroad train 
Jo.aded with l.arge (piantitie.x of store.s. cut the telegraph wires, and re¬ 
turned to Fredericksburg witiiout lose. 

6 






66 


HISTORY OF THE WAR. 


[July, 1862. 


24th.—Sklrmi.'’ties nt Malveni Hill, Va., and Coldwat^r, Mis-s. Steamer 
Tubal Cain was ca})tured by the U. S. <i;un-boat Octorora; she was loaded 
with military stores. The schooner Emma was also taken by the Adir¬ 
ondack. Idiiladelphia voted $500,000 as bounty to volunteers, bkirmish 
at Trinity, near I)ecatur, Ala. Lieutenant ifarman and 25 men of tha 
3lst Ohio were atbtcketl by 350 rebel cavalry ; the rebels retreated, hav¬ 
ing 12 killed and 30 wounded. Lieutenant Harman had one killed, and 
liimself and 12 others wounded. 80 men of the Oth Virginia Infantry 
were surprised and captured at Summerville, Va., by a superior force of 
rebel cavalry, under Major Bailey. Enlistments still go rapidly on. 
liebel raid at Gloucester Point, Va. Commodore Farragut’s fleet went 
to Baton Rouge. Commodore Davis’ fleet anchored otf tlie mouth of the 
A'azoo River. The Richmond Enquirer rejwrted the Kashville as having 
again run the blockade with 22 ])ieces of artillery from Inkermann, pre¬ 
sented to the Confederacy by British merchants. 

25th.—Skirmish at Bro\rasville, Tenn. General Pope ordered that no 
guai’ds shoidd be placed over any kind of private j)roperty. The rebel 
steamer Cuba ran the blockade and reachecl Mobile. President Lincoln 
issued a proclamation announcing the confiscation act, and warning all 
])ersons to return to their allegiance or incur the penalties provided by 
the act. Two companies of Ihiion troops were surprised and ca})tured 
by a force of rebel cavalry at Courtland, Ala. Skirmish at Orange Court¬ 
house, Va. 

2Gth.—Madison Court-hou.se, Va., occupied liy Union troops. Transport 
schooner Louisa Reeves, loaded with forage, was burned by tlie rebels at 
Coggin’s Point, James River, Va. 2U0 guerrillas routed at Patten, IMo., 
by a company of the State militia; 25v\ere killed and wounded on the 
rebel side and three wounded on the militia. Ijarge sums were sub¬ 
scribed by various towns and corjiorations in the North to aid enlistment.^ 
and provide for the families of volunteers. Bkirmish at Young’s Cross¬ 
road, N. C.; rebels whipped. Skirmish near Houston and at Big Piney 
River ; in these two tights the relrels h«d 5 men killed and 12 woundecl. 
No Unionists injured. 

27th.—Lieutenant Gibson, of the Yankee, cut out two schooners from 
the Chipoak’s Creek, Jame.s River; no opjiosition was ottered. Four 
Union gun-boats bombarded Fort James, on the Ogeechee River, for two 
hours; after ascertaining its strength they returned to Savannah Bay. 
John Morgan made a raid into Richmond, Ky., and robbed the Union 
men. General Burnside, by general order, refused to accept the resig¬ 
nation of any orticer of his army on account of caprice or any fancied 
wrong. 

28tii.—General Grant ordered General Sherman to take possession of 
all unoccupied buildings in Memjihis and lea.se them for the benefit of 
the United States. Fight at Bayou Bernard, Cherokee Nation ; the rebels 
lost 125 killed, including the commanding Colonel. The office of the St. 
Croix Ilerald, at .St. Stejihens, New Brumswick, was totally destroyed by 
a mob, for advocating the Union cause. Fight at Moore’s ^1 ills, near Fuf- 
ton. Mo.; rebels defeated, with a loss of 75 to 100 killed and wounded and 
one prisoner; Union loss, 45 killed and wounded. The Confederates 
oceuj)ied Grand Junction, which had been vacated by the Union troops 
some days previously. 

20th.—The English brig Napier captured while endeavoring to run the 
blockade at Wilmington, N. C., by the Mystic. Skirmish at Mount Ster¬ 
ling, Ky.; the citizens drove off the guenillas, killing 75 men. Fight at 
Bollinger’s Milks, IMo.; the rebels routed. General Pope reached War- 
renton, Va. Russellville, Ky., captured by Colonel Gano’s guerrillas; 
the Home Guard.s were overpowered. Skirmish at Brownsville, Tenn. 

3uth.—The rebel Colonel John 11. Morgan reported that he had, in 24 
days, traveled 1,000 miles, captured 17 towns, destroyed large amounts 


Ang., 1862.] 


HISTORY OF TUB WAR. 


67 


ot government storop, dispersed 1,500 Home Clnnrds, and paroled near 
1,000 regular tn.op.s, and lost hut 00 men of the 1,200 lie took into Ken- 
tiKdvV. (luerrillas made a rahl on I’ari.s, Ivy., and carried otf huge 
amounts ot goods. They wen' overtakini by a I'orce ot’ cavalry, who 
Killeil *27,JilJ, an-i all tlieir booty. 

.list. 1 he Secretary of War issueil an order revoking all furloughs 
and leave of absence, and onhu’ed all otticers and men to join their eoin- 
mand.s forth\vith, and ordered a muster of each regiment and detaith- 
inent on the 18th ot Augu.st, to <letect ab.senh'es. The rebel steamer 
Jlemphis was captured by the Magnolia, she having run tlie blockade of 
Charleston. Part of Commodore Porter’s mortar tleec arrived at Fortress 
Monroe. 

August 1, 1862.—'I'he rebel batteries .at Coggin’s Point, opposite Harri¬ 
son’s Landing, on James River, silenced by the gun-boats. Canton, Mo., 
robbed by guerrillas. Colonel Fessenden, commanding the 1st .South 
Carolina v ohmieer.s, gave notice that he would issue free papers to the 
most faitlitul soldiers, and hoped their future conduct would Justify the 
exercise ol this authority. A party of troojis from Harrison’s Landing 
destroyed the houses opposite that point; they had furnished cover for 
a number of rel)el sharpshooters. Fight at Newark, Mo. The Unionists 
took refuge in the houses, but the rebels threatened to burn them out, 
and they surrendered. The rebels captured a largo (juantity of stores. 
.Skirmishing along the Rajiidan River. 'I'he Conlederate (iroveniment 
is.sued an order that Generals Pope and Steinvvehr, and the officers under 
them, should not be treated as soldiers, and not entitled to the. ]>rivilege of 
parole, and threatening to e.xeeute any officers in their haiuls in retalia¬ 
tion, if the Union officers should carry out their orders in regard to spies, 
guerrillas, etc. 

2d.—Belle Boyd, the famous woman spy, arrested and sent to Wash¬ 
ington. 'I'he rebels attacked the Union troops at Ozark, Mo., but tied on 
receiving the first volley, abandoning every thing. Hark Harriet Ralli, 
the first h'rench ves.sel captureil for running the blockade, arrived in 
New York. Norfolk (Va.) Unio)i suppre.sscu. Fight :vt Orange Court¬ 
house; the rebels fled. 

Jd.—General Sherman, at Memphis, gave orders to employ all able- 
bodied negroes who might apply for work, 'riie U. .S. steamer Santiago 
de Cuba, affi'r a cha.se of seven hours, c.aptured the British jiropeller 
Columbia otf the Bahamas. She was loaded with 12 Armstrong gun.s 
and vast nuantities of other munitions of war. Alexandria, Mo., robbed 
by guerrillas. Colonel Averill’s cavalry, reconnoitering, met the rebels 
five miles from Cox’s River, and drove them back to their camp, wlien 
they made a stand, but were again put to flight, leaving all their camp 
and its contents. General Burnside’s army arrived at Acniiia Creek. 
General Halleck ordered the evacuation of the Peninsula of Virginia. 

4th .—A draft of ;k)0,00b men, for nine months, ordered hy the Federal 
Government A reconnoitering ])artyof 17u men, under Colonel VVyn- 
koop, came up with the rebels, 7(X) .strong, with two pieces of artillery; 
after an hour’s fight the Unionists withdrew, 'rhe rebels admitted a 
loss of 30 killed and 10 wounded ; Union loss, one missing and one 
slightly wounded. General Butler made an assessment on wealthy 
secessionists of New Orleans to provide for the suffering poor. Figlit on 
White River, Mo.; rebels defe.ated. General McClellan protested agaiiust 
the withdrawal of his army from the Peninsula as a fatal measure. 

5th .—Balfle of Baton Koueje, L<i. —'I'he Union troops were fii'st driven 
from their jio.sition, hut rallied and routed the rel)els, who left their dead 
and w’ounded. Union loss, 60 killed, (including General Williams, com¬ 
manding the Union forces,) 161 wounded, and 29 missing, 'i'he Confed¬ 
erates lost about 600 killed and a large number wounded and prisoners. 
General Hooker madw a recoimoiasance to Malvern Hill, and ha<] a fight 


UISTORV OF Tini: WAR. 


[Aug., 1860. 


GS 

of two hours with tho rebols, wlien tlie hitter took their nrtlllery and left. ; 
tTenerul liobert L. McCook, while riding in an ainbuhiuce, sick, ami in j 
advance of hi.s troops, was brutally murdered, near New Market, Ala., by 
a band of guerrillas one or two hundred strong. 

fitli.—Sklriuisli at Montevallo, Mo.; rebehs defeated. The gun-boat 
Es-se.x. attacked the rebel iron-clad Arkansas near Baton Rouge, and com¬ 
pletely de.stroyed her. Her absence at the battle of Baton Rouge se¬ 
riously afrected the rebels. A ]>arty from General Burn.side’s army j 
destroyed a ])ortion of the Virginia Central Railroad at Frederickhs Hall , 
Station, and a large quantity of Confederate stores. Skirmishes at Taze¬ 
well, Term. ; rebels defeated on every occasion. 

7th.—Colonel Canby defeated the rebel General Sibley, near Fort Fill¬ 
more, N. M. General Sibley wa.s assassinated by his own men, who 
charged him with drunkenness and inefficiency. Guerrillas deleated at 
Kirksvilie and in Dodd County, Mo. Rebels surprised and defeated at 
Trenton, Term. Malvern Hill abandoned by <:leneral Hooker, on hearing 
of the advance of a heavy rebel force under General .V. B. Hill. 

8th.—General Housseau, at Huntsville, ordei’ed that twelve prominent 
seoes.sioni.sts of that place should lie arrested, and one carried on each ; 
train of cars, as .security against the firing into tlie trains by the rebeks. I 
Tho AVar Jiepartment ordered the arrest of all per.sons discouraging 
enlistments. Portland, Calloway County, Mo., captured and lobbed by 
Cobb's guerrillas. Passport.^ denied to per.sons liable to ilraft, until the 
order was tilled. General Po]>e's pickets driven acro.ss the Rapidan by .; 
the advance of I.ee’s army from Riclimond. 

dth.— Battle of Cedar Mountain. —d'lie Confederates, under .laekson, ; 
advanced across the Rapidan, and marc.hed against the Unionists, under 
General Bank.s, at tleclar Mountain, near Cnlpepjier Conrt-hon.“e. Gen¬ 
eral Banks advanced to meet them, and at 6 o’clock P. M. the battle 
opened. It raged severely for about two hours, when the Confederates , 
fell back under cover of the darkness. Tiie Union loss was l,rit)h killed, 
wounded, and missing. The Confederate loss not known, hut .supposeil 
to be about 2,5hO. The Secretary of War directed the enrollment of all 
the militia of the loyal States.' Battle at Tazewell, Tenn.; the rebeks j 
repulsed with heavy loss. Union loss, 3 killed, 15 wounded, and 57 i 
prisoners. 1 

lOtli.—Tlie Freeborn arrived in Washington with a number of ve.ssels, j 

f >risoner.s, and a lot of mercliandise, captured wlule rnnning the blockade. J 
tebel .steamer captured in the mouth of tlic Savannah River ami taken 
under tho guns of Fort Pulaski. 1 )onald.sonville, La., destroyed by 
Adniiral Farragut, for affording cover for the Confederates to tire on the 
tiect. 

llth.—Bayou Sara, La., occupied by the National forces. Fight at 
Independence, Mo. The Unionists were overpowered and the rebels 
captured the town. Rebel guerrillas dispersed near Helena, Ark., and 
near Grand Junction, Tenn. General Grant gave orders to employ all 
contrabands that came into his lines. Skirmislies near AVilliamsport, 
Tenn.; rebels alway.s defeated. Colonel Guitar defeated the guerrillas | 
near Comj)ton’s Ferry, on Grand River, Mo., killing and wounding 100 i 
of them, taking 200 prisoners, and a quantity of stores. John Slidell’s 
property coiffi.scated. McClellan’s army commenced to evacuate the I 
Peninsula. 

12th.—AVar meeting in Alexandria, A’a. Gallatin, Tenn., captured by 
Colonel John Morgan, and afterward retaken by Colonel Miller, frorn j 
Nashville. : 

13th.—73 lives lost by a collision on the Potomac River between the 
steamor.s Peabody and AVest Point. Colonel Guitar, having pursued 
Poindexter’s i-ebels from OomiJon’.s Ferry, overtook them at Yellow 
Cieek, Clinton ttounty, Mo., where he H>*attered them in utter confusion. 






Aug., 


ilhSTOKY^ Off TUB WAR. 


69 


( l^e took CO j>r1fK)non?. The French bark Harriet Ralli released by the 
, xoverniiKMit. Oeneral Hovey del'eatod General Hindiuan at Clarendon, 
1 yio. '1 he rebels lost 7<Hi prisoners. 'J'he loss of life heavy on both .sides. 

'I’lie rebel .«alt-\vork3 at b wans boro, N. C., destroyed. Ceneral Riiford, 

■ with the cavalry from General Pope’s army, pursued the retreating rebels 
f from Cedar 31oimtain across the Ihipidan. 

14th.—1>. A. iMiihoncy, of the Jhibuque Jferald, arrested for di.scour- 
aging enlistments. Pre-sident Lincoln gave an audience to a deputation of 
colored men on the subject of colonization, which project, he told them, 

. he favored, and Congress had provided for. General Po}>e issued an 
I order re-straining unauthorized .seizures of private jiroperty. Generai 
I Breckinridge complained to General Paine, at Baton Rouge, of certain 
act.s which he claimed were not acconling to the iisa'^es of civilized war- 
I fare, and threatenerl, on their repetition, to rai.se the black flag. 

1 b'>th.—Fight at Jilerriwether’s Landing, Tenn.; rebels defeated, with a 

^ lo.ss of 2U killed and 9 prisoners; Union los.s, 3 killed and 5 wouinh'd. 
'I’lie Consul of Spain protested again.st the stringency of the quarantine 
laws c.stablished by General Butler at New Orleans. 

loth.—Colonels Corcoran and Wiloo.t, Lieutenant-Colonel Brown, and 
Ma or Rogers reached Fortress iMonroe, having been e.xchanged. Hop- 
I kitisville, Ky., captured by rebel guerrillas, under Colonel A. R. .Tohii- 
son. Naval expedition of three gun-boaks, four rams, and two transjiorts 
and a boily of troops left Helena, Ark., on a cruise down the river. 
Eviicuation of Harrison’s Landing by McClellan completed; the rebels 
were deceived by demotistrations m other directions. 8C)0 Jlissoiiri 
i militia, under Major Foster, were aitac.ked by Colonel Coffee’s guerrillas, 
numbering between three and four thousand. After a fight of lour hours 
the Federal forces were defeated, with a loss of tiU killed and loo wounded 
and missing ; the rebels lost 110 killed and wounded. Governor Magoflin, 
of Kentucky, resigned, and was succeeded by J. F. Robinson, Speaker 
. of the -'Senate. General Grant ordered the enrollment of all in his 
de})aitment “who, if they were at home, would be liable to draft.” 

17th.—The office of the ComtUiilional (iumtti'er, at Marysville, Kansas, 
tiemolished liy Union soldiers. Archbishop Hnghe.s preached a pati'i- 
otic sermon at St. Patrick’s Cathedral, in New York, and called niion the 
government to put enough men in tlie field to bring this unnatural strife 
to a close. 

18th.—Colonels Corcoran and Wilcox made Brigadier-Generals, to date 
from .luly Zl, ISOl, (battle of Bull Run.) Confederate Congiess .assembled 
at Richmond. Steamers Skylark and Sallie burned at the mouth of Dneic 
Creek, on Tennessee River. Clarksville, Tenn., .surrendered by Colonel 
Rodney Ma.son, without liring a shot. Colonel John H. Morgan, from 
Hai't.sville, 'I'enn., threatened retaliation for any injury to or assessments 
made on Confederate juoiiertv or citizens. Railroad communication cut 
off between Nashville and the North. The expedition from Helena cap¬ 
tured the rebel steamer Fairplay at Milliken’s Bend. She was loaded 
with a full equijmient for men. At Haines’ Bluff and Richmond 

other imporrant cajAures were made. 

lyth.—.Skirmish at Rienzi, Mis.s. Steamer Sw’allow burned by the 
rebels below IMemphis. Rebel camp on While-oak Ri<lge, Mo., dis¬ 
persed ; 4 rebels killed, and l‘J jirisoner.s, 27 lioi’ses, and 100 stand of arms 
cajitured. Sioux Indians destroyed the United States fu^encies at Yellow 
Medicine and Redwood, and partially de.stroyed New Llm, Minn., kill¬ 
ing and brutally mutilatiug more than 100 jicrsons, men, women, and 
children. , , , , 

2uih.—The rebel General E. Kirby Smith said he would hang all Union 
moil caught bushvThacking. General Pope’s .army reached the Rappa- 
haiiuock on it.s retreat; at Brandy Station they had a light with the rcbeks, 
wluch caused the rebels tu full buck into tlie woods. Cfelouel John Mor- 



70 


HISTOUY OV THK WAR. 


{Aug., 1B««. 


gsn loHt 7 mpu killcil anil 20 wounded in an attack on a small fome of 
Union troops at ICdgntield .Junction, Tenn., IVoiii whieli he wan repulsed. 
6Uirinish ;it Union Mills, Mo. 

•jilst.—lelf Ituvis issued an order declaring that Major-General Hunter 
and Hrigadier-ticneral I'helps shoidd no longer be treated as soldiers, Imt 
H.s ontiawH, and, upon capture, should suffer as sucli. The two armies 
laced eaidi other to-day on opj)oaite sides ot t he Rappahannock ; the j-ebfls 
ultein|)ted to cross, but weie di'iven liack by General Reno. The rebel 
schooner Kliza, witli a cargo ol'contraband goods, captured off Charles¬ 
ton l.>y the Bienville. Large war meeting m St. Louis, Mo. Figlit at 
t-iallatin, Tenn. ; tlie Unionists were routed, losing kO killed, .'>0 vvounde<l, t 
and 75 prisoners. General Ro.secrans, with 4U,n(X) trooji.s, left Corinth for i 
lulcii. 

22d.—d'wo bridge? on the Marietta and Cincinnati. Railroad destroyed, 
it was suppo.sed,''by ret>ei sympathizers. A series of skirmishes near 
Crab Orchard, Ky.; the rebels were defeated in every instance. General 
Stuart’s rebel cava^lry made a dash at Catlett’s Station, Va., captured and 
destroyed all of General Pope’s ]'aper.s, etc., and a great quantity of mili¬ 
tary and sutler’s stores; they then proceeded toward Warrenton. Fort 
Ridgely, Minn., attacked by the Indians, who were repulsed by the gar¬ 
rison. Cannonading along the Rap})ahannock between the two armies. 
General Schurz crossed the river in the morning, and drove the rebels 
back, who rallied, and a severe tight ensued, which la.«ted till night, 
when the Union troojis, not being strong enough to hold the advanced 
position, retired across the I’iver. General McClellan’s army commenced 
arriving at Alo.xandria. Colonel Rodney Ma.son, 71st Ohio,"dismissed for 
cowardice, in surrendering Clarksville. 

2;5d.—400 rebels attacked the train on the Memphis and Charleston 
Railroad, near Courtland, Tenn., and destroyed it. Eight reV>el.s were 
killed; two Unionists wounded and two missing. A train on the Win- 
che.sler Railroad was destroyed by the guerrill.as. The battle resumed 
along the Rappahannock ; tl'ie rebels succeeded in crossing the river in 
the vicinity of 8nlj>hur Springs, upon which an engagement ensued, 
which resulted in the rebels being' driven across Great Run. General 
Pope siiRsequeuMy fell back to Warrenton and Sulphur Springs, .skirm- 
i.sh at Big Hill, Ky.; the National troops retreated to Richmond, Ky. 

24ih.—General Butler gave orders to reorganize the “ Native Guards,” 
a body of colored troops which had been authorized by the late Gov¬ 
ernor. The rebels still pressed General Pope, and the tight was resumed 
at Sulphur Springs and Waterloo Bridge. Fight with the guerrillas at 
Lamar, Kansas. Charles .1. Inger.soll arrested in Philadelphia. Rebels 
routed at Dallas, Mo. 

2.5th.—Seven men of the Bath County (Kv.) Home Guards captured, 
near Mount Sterling, 18 guerrillas, with tfieir horses and arms. .S5u retiels, 
under Colonel flicks, defeated near Bloomfie-ld, Mo., by IkO of the l-kth 
Illinois Cavalry, under Major Lepi'crt; rebels lost 20 killed. The rebel * 

(’olonel Woodward attacked Fort Donelson, Tenn., with 775 men, but i 

was repulsed therefrom by Major Hart and four eompanies of the 71st j 
Ohio ; the rebels lostkO killed and wounded ; the garrison did not reeei ve 
K scratch. The whole population of New Ulm, Minn., together with the 
garrison, evacuated that place. Tlie Indians had been driven off. Guer- 
rilla camp broken up near Danville, Ky., by tlie Home Guards. 

•2Gth.—Fight at Madisonville, Ky.; the guerrillas were finally routed. 
Colonel Lowe, from Fort Henry, after reinforcing Fort Donelson, pur¬ 
sued the retreating rebels, and took from them their artillery. Colonel •, 
Lowe had 2 men killed and 18 wounded. Fitzhugh Lee, at the head of 
n largo force of Stuart’s cavalry, entered Mana.ssas, Va., .scattered the 
guard, and destroyed the railway train and a large, quantity of govern¬ 
ment stores. General.s HeintBolman and Porter reinforced General Pope 








OF THE WAR, 


71 


At Wanentoii Junction. General Ewell’s division of the rebel army suc¬ 
ceeded ill tiiriiidg General Pope's right tiaiik, overpowered the force at 
Bull Run, and inarched toward Alexandria, Va. Alexandria, Va., placed 
under strict martial law. 

27tli.—General Hooker's division overtook the rebels at Kettle Run 
and Ibiiglit theiii till dark ; the Confederates being driven from the field, 
w'ith the loss of duo killed and \voun<le<l and the whole of tlieir camp. 
The British schooner Ann .Sophia captured by tlie R. R. Ceylon while 
attempting to run the blockade at Wilmington, N. C. Iniiiien.se war 
meeting in New York. 

28th.—Fight at lieadyville, Tenn.; a large fon'e of rebel cavalry, under 
General Forrest, were routed by the 2;}ir Kentucky Infantry. General 
Schofield assessed $.3<M),ooo upon secessionists ainJ their sympathizers in 
St. Louis County, for the purjiose of arming, clothing, and subsisting the 
enrolled militia and providing for their families. .Severe fight at Center¬ 
ville between Generals .Sigcl and Mcr>o\vcll and the rebel General .Jack- 
son. JiU.*kson was driven back with great loss. City Point, Va., entirely 
destroyed by Commodore Wilkes. 20 men of the 2d Virginia Cavalry 
attacked and routed 75 rebel cavalry at Sh.ady .Springs, near Raleigh 
Court-liouse, Va., taking five prisoneiw. Hernando, Miss., occupied by 
Federals. 

2yth.— Battle of Grovelon. —The Union forces of (general Pope, and the 
Confederates under Jackson and Ijongstreet. The battle raged fiercely, 
but the rebels were driven from the iield with great loss. The officers 
of the 71st Ohio, who published a card advising the surrender of Colonel 
Mason at Clarksville, were disniis.sed the service by the President. 
Skirmish near Manchester, Tenn.; rebels retreated, with heavy loss, k 
reconnoitenng party from St. Gharies Court-hou.se, I^a., di.spersed a 
guerrilla gang and c.aptured a lot of oxen, horses, and mules at Bonnet 
Garre. (Jommeucement of the Battle of Richmond, Ky. —The P'ir.«t Brigade 
of the Army of the Curntwirlaud advanced to check tlie rebel advance- on 
Richmond, Ky. Coming ujion them, Genend Manson opened with his 
artillery, and in a few minutes the whole line wa.s engaged. After a 
eevere fight of an hour the rebels were driven beyond Rogersville. 

.3hth.—At 6 o’clock this morning the Contederaios advanced upon the 
Unioni.sts and drove them back. The battle raged with varying success 
*11 day. The Unionists were finally eompelleif to retreat. The Union 
loss is set down at 400 killed, 1,100 wounded, and 8,000 prisoners; the 
rebel loss was 250 killed and .500 wounded. A severe fight look place at 
Bolivar, Tenn. ; the figlit lasted seven hours, when, the Union troops 
being reinforced, the (Confederates withdrew. I'lie Union loss was 2.5 
killed and wounded, including Lieutenant-Colonel Hogg, 2d Illinois 
Cavalry; Conledenite loss not Known. Buckhannon, Va., captured by 
the guerrilla.s, and the public stores carried otf. Fight at McMinnville ; 
reb^s routed with con.sideruble loss. Second Battle of Bull Run. —Gen¬ 
eral Pope’s forces, having fallen back, were attacked Ijy the Confederates, 
under (general Lee, on the old field of Bull Run. The fight raged fiercely 
*11 day, and with great slaughter. The Union loft wing liad V^een pressed 
back half a mile, nut the right still held its ground. After the battle the 
whole army fell back to Centerville. 

.31st.—Fredericksburg, Va., evacuated by General Burnside, w’ho de- 
etroyed the bridges and <jnarter-master and commissary stores. Hunts¬ 
ville, Ala., evacuated by General Buell. Great excitement in the North 
on receipt of the news of the retreat of General Pope. A detachment of 
rebel cavalry from General Armstrong’s command attacked Medon Sta¬ 
tion, on the Missi.ssippi Central Railroad, but met with so determined 
* resistance, that they were compelled to retire, with great los.s. 'J’ho 
Union forces driven out of Stoveason, Ala., by a heavy force of Coaled 
erates. 


HISTORY OF THE WAR. 


[Sept., 1862, 


'TO 

I 


SKPTEMBEn 1, 1802.— liattla of ChartHUy. —The battle lasted neorly 
hour, and the rebels were driven buek at all points. Major-Genend 
Kearney and Brigadier-General Steven.s were killed in thi.s action. This 
was the last of the battles fought by the Army of Vir^itiia on their 
retreat. The losses on both sides were heavy ; that of the Unionists wa.s 
set down at 1,000 killed, 6,000 wounded, and 2,000 prisoners; Confederate 
loss not known definitely. The army fell back toward Washington. 
small force of Union troops defeated a large force of rebels at Britton’s 
Lane, near Denmark, Tenn., after a fight of four hours, the rebels leav¬ 
ing 175 dead on the field. Union loss, 5 killed and 61 wounded. The 
reports of the second battle of Bull Run created great excitement 
through the North. Paris, Ky., evacuated by the Federals, who fell back 
on Cynthiana. Louisville, Kv., thrown into great e.xcitement in conse¬ 
quence of the aj)j)rnach of the rebels, under Kirby Smith. Lexington, 
Ky., was occupied by Kirby Smith. The Federal* forces, on their way 
from Huntsville to Nashville, were attacked at Stevenson, Ala., V)y th'e 
rebels, who were repulsed with severe loss. Spirit ration in the navy 
stop])ed. The notorious guerrilla Poimlexter caught near Hudson, i\lo. 

2d.—General McClellan placed in command of the defenses of Wash¬ 
ington. Cincinnati, Covington, and Newport became excited at the 
approach of Kirby Smith. General Lewis Wallace assumed command, 
(leelared martial law in the threecities, and called out the militia for their 
defense. A train of 100 w’agons captured by the rebels between Fairfax 
aii'l Centerville. Versailles, Ky., occupied by rebel cavalry. Fight at 
Morganfield, Ky.: the rebels routed with groat loss. Acting-Governor 
Paddock, of Nebraska, called out the militia to repel an attack of the 
Indians. About o(Xi men, including many citizens of the place, under 
Orderly-Sergeant Green, of Hawkins’ ZJouaves, attacked and routed 
1,400 rebels near Plymouth, N. C., capturing the commanding officer 
and 41 other prisoners. They lost 30 in killed; the Union lo.ss was 
three killed. 

3d.—General Pope’s army safe in the intrenchments around Washing¬ 
ton, without further loss. 'Indians attacked Hutchinson and Forest City, 
Winn., but were driven otf. Reconnoissances toward Centerville and 
Vienna showed that the reliels had left that neighborhood. Winchester 
was evacuated bv the Union troops, under General White. Skirmish at 
Slaughterville, ky.; the rebels defeated. Two fights near Greiger’s 
Lake, Ky., in which the rebels were routed. General Pope asked to be 
relieved from his command. The Hon. .Joseph Holt appointed Judge- 
Advocate-General of the army. 

4th.—Ma.jor Wheeler, of the New York IMounted Rifles, brought into 
Suffolk two officers and 111 men, who, with 38 negroes, were captured 
near South IMills, Va. They were en rnuifi to Richmond. J’he rebel war 
steamer Oveto ran the blockade of Mobile. Skirmish at Cuml:)erland 
Gap; rebels routed. Goveimor Curtin, of Pennsylvania, called on the 
militia to organize to defend the State. Frederick City, Md., evacuated 
by the Union troops. The Peace Society of Great Britain recommended 
the people of the United States to accept mediation. The bark Fannie 
Laurie captured otf South Edisto, while attempting to run the blockade. 

6th.—Rebel .schooner Rising Sun captured near the mouth of the Poto¬ 
mac. General Stuart’s rebel cavalry crossed the Potomac at Conrad’s 
Ferry without opposition. The ship Ocmulgee, of Massachusetts, burned 
at se'a by the privateer Alabama. Governor Morton, of Indiana, called 
out the. militia in the counties along the Ohio River. General IMcClel- 
lan’s army in rajiid motion from Wafdiington to the Upper Potomac. 

Oth.—Oiathe, Johnson County, Kansas, plundered by guerrillas, under 
Quantrell. Fight at Cacapon* Bridge, Va.; the rebels utterly routed, 
leaving every thing. 4i)0 rebel cavalry atta<dvod General White’s out¬ 
posts at Martmsburg, but were driven otf, after a short engagoiucut, with 




BISTORY OP THE WAR. 


73 


the lo«9 of fH) prisoners; Natioiml loss, two kllleii end two wounded, 
luc'lerick City, Md., occupied by (General Lee; tlic (•iliiieiis made no 
tleuionstration of enthusiasm, hbu Indians attacked Jout Abercrombie, 
but were driven olF. J'lglit at Washington, IS'. (J.; rebels repuhsed, alter 
two hours’ tighting, losing bu killed ami bii prisoners. During the light 
the Union gun-boat Picket exploded, killing l« men. 40 inen'of the 4th 
Virginia Cavalry were surrounded near Chapmansville, Va., by about boo 
rebel cavalry, but succeetled in cutting their way out, killing Colonel 
btratton, couunamling the rebels. Pikevillo, Va., plundered by rebels. 
General Buell, with 24,000 men, reached Mashville. 

ith.—Harrisburg, Penn., thrown into great excitement by the approach 
of the rebels toward Hagerstown, iMd., and Chamberstmrg, Penn. Militia 
culled out. Bridge over riait liiver, at bhepherdsville, burned by the 
rebeds ; the guard were paroled. General Pope relieved of his com¬ 
mand. Clarksville, Tenn., recaptured by Colonel Lowe. Governor Kob- 
inson, of Kansas, ealle<l out the militia' to repel the Indians. General 
McClellan took the field, and General Banks took command at Wash¬ 
ington. Acijuia Creek evacuated by General Burnside; cars were 
destroyed. I'lie iocoiiiotives were brought olf. 

bth.—Fight at Poolesvdle, Md.; the rebels were defeateii, leaving seven 
dead. Tiie Unionists had one killed and eight wounded. The rebels 
greatly injured the Louisville and Frankfort Itailroad. Fight on the right 
bank of the Mississippi, -Jo miles above New Orleans ; the rebels were 
dispersed, losing nearly all their horses. The rt^lad Generals Lee and 
Ih'adley .Johnston, from Frederick, i.ssued a proclamation to the people 
of Maryland, stating they had come to “assist them in regaining their 
rights.’’ Governor Bradford called out the militia of Maryland. E.X(‘ito- 
iiient in J’ennsylvania on theincrea.se. The .militia turned out in every 
piu<'e, and prepared to re.sist the invading rebels. 

tnh.—The Lb S. steamer Connecticut captured the Engli.sh .schooner 
Kambler, which had run the blockade of Sabine Pas.s with a heavy cargo 
of cotton. Colonel Burris overuiok Quantrell's band, after their jdiinder 
of Olathe, Mo., near Plea.sant Hill, and compelled them to abandon all 
their booty, besides considerable of their own eiiiiipments. The 8tli Illi¬ 
nois Cavalry and the 3d Indiana Cavalry, on their march to the Upjier 
Potomac, had fight.s with the rebels at .Mou(X?aey Church and Barnesville; 
the rebels lost 8 killed and 15 prisoners ; the Unionists had but one man 
wounded. Middletown, Md., occupied by the rebels, who conscripted 
the citizens for the rebel army. Baltimore excited about the movements 
of the rebels. The retels m.ade an unsuccessful attempt cm Williams¬ 
burg, Va. Stuart’s cavalry were repulsed at Edwards’ Ferry by General 
Keyes, with the loss of ‘JU men. 

loth.—Frederick, .Md., evacuated by General Lee. Colonel Grierson’s 
cavalry skirmished with the enemy at Cochran’s Cross-roads and Cold- 
water Bridge, Miss., killing 4 and taking 70 or 80 prisoners. He after¬ 
ward entered Senatobia, and burned the railroad dejjot and its contents. 
Battle at Fayette, Va., resulting in the defeat of the Lhiionists, with a loss 
of over lUO killed and wounded. Militia pour into (lincinnati froin the 
neighboring countie.s. Fight at Sugar-loaf .Mountain, Md. Unionists 
deieaied, and compelled te retire. Natchez bombarded I'or two hours 
and then surrendered. 

llth.—:Maysville, Ky., occupied by the rebels. Westminster, Md., 
occupied by the rebels, who cari'ied oH’ all the Jioots, .shoes, and clothing 
in the town. New .Market, Md., occupied by the Federal.s. The Union 
forces were compelled to evacuate Gauley, Va., to prevent being .smr- 
rounded. General Kirby Smith's army readied Latonia Spring'^, Ky., 
seven niile.s from Cincinnati. The rebel.s entered Hagerstown, Md. 

12th.—General Kirby Smith commenced his retreat from before Cin¬ 
cinnati. General Wallace pursued iiiiu as lar as Flovence, Ky. Fight 

7 





74 


HlSTOllY OF TIIM \\AH, 


t8ept., 136a; 


near Clmrleaton, Va.; the town was hurned. John Ross, the Cherokee | 
chief, hah an interview with tiie Piesitleiit in relation to rescuing his | I 

nation from the rebels, (ieneral Rnrnside occupied Frederick amid | 

great entlmsiasm. Kirby Smith occupied Frankfort, Ky. 'I'he position 
on Maryland Higlits, opi)Osite Har})er’s Ferry, was attacked this after- * i 
noon; tigliting lasted till sundown. 

13th.—The fighting at Maryland Hights was resumed this morning, I 

which continued till 3 o’clock, when an order was received to spike the ' 

guns and remove to the P’erry. 4(i rebel jiri-soners were relea.sed at Pal¬ 
myra, Mo., by the rebel guerrilla Porter. 1 * 

14th.—The National lrooi>s at Fredenck moved toward Harper’s P’erry. 

The rebtds evacuated Maysville, Ky., and it was occupied by the Unionises. i i 
General Butler, at New Orleans, ordered the enrollment of all neutral 
foreigners in tliat city. Hattie of South Monntuhi. —General McClellan i 

overtook the refn?! army near Middletown, Md. Generals Hooker and I 1 

Reno carried the liiglifs, and Franklin held Bnrkett.sviile Gap. 'I'lte 
rebels abandoned tiie field at night, leaving their dead and wounded. i 

'The Union loss was 443 killed, l,30t; wounded, and 176 taken prisoners. i 

Tile Confederate loss was 4,3(H) killed, wounded, and prisoners. Atta<;k i 

on Harper’s Ferry continued, the rebels having possession of Maryland ' 
and Loudon Hights. The Union cavalry, under Lieutenant-Colonel 
J.)a\ns, of the I'itii Illinois Cavalry, cut their way out of Harper’s Ferry 
and arrived at Gree.ncastle, Penn., capturing luo prisoners and (ienend 
Longstreet’s wagon train. Severe engagement at Munfordsville, Ky., 
lasting seven hours, and ending in the defeat of the rebels with great ' 
loss. 

Ibth.—’rhe rebels advanced again toward Cincinnati as far as Florence, 

Ky. P’lglit ne.ir rthelbonrne. Mo.; rebels routed after fighting two hours. 
Ponchatoula., La., occupied by General Butler. Harper’s F'erry sur¬ 
rendered to the rebel General Jackson. 80 p’ederals (including Colonel ' 
Miles) had been killed, 120 wounded, while 10,.500 surrendered; 47 pieces 
of artillery and a va.st amount of stores were e.aptnred by the rebels. 

The rebel loss in the tiglu wa.s not known. 

IGtii.— Com'iueaoerneut of the liatilc of Antietam. —General Hooker crossed 
the .Antietam, near Sharirsburg, Md., to feel the rebel left and gain a ' 
position ready to attack in tlie morning. Consirlerable skirmishing 
ensued, which lasted till dark. The army sle))t on their arms. 

17th. — Battle of Anfietatit. —This great liattle opened at 5 A. M. liy 
Hooker’s corps advancing against the rebel left. Tne tight raged fiercely 
and with varying sueee.'-s, botli armies alternately advancing and retir- ' 
ing. .At the fourth advance tiie P'ederals held the piece of woods intlieir 
front, wliieh was felt to be llie key of tlie position. On the left, at 1 o’clock 
P. M., Burnside had carried the stone bridge at the point of the toyoriet; 
and at 4 P. M. lie .‘uid Franklin in the center received orders to advance. 
P'r.inkliri moveil liis batteries forward and held hi.s ground. Burnside 
carried the hills in his front in gallant style ; Viut the "enemy Vieing rein¬ 
forced from their left, he was flanked, overpowered, and comjielled to 
retire to his former jiosition. It was now dark, and the battle closed. The 
forces engaged numbered about 1(>0,()00 on each side, the rebels having , 
been reinibri'e'i by General Jackson's corps after his capture of Harper’s 
P’erry. The line of battle was four miles long. The field was fiercely 
contested, and the carnage was terrible. Preparations were immediately 
made to renew the contest on the morrow, but during the night the 
Confederates retreated. The Ihiion loss in this fight was stated at 2,010 * 

killed, 9,416 wounded, and 1,043 missing. The Confederates acknowl¬ 
edged a loss of 1 l,0iK), but General McClellan stated it to be 25,542. Gen¬ 
eral Mansfield was killeii; Generals Richardson and Rodman morfiilly 
wounded. Nine other general officers were slightly wounded. No guns 
or colors were lost by live Federnks. Colonels Dtmham unci Wilder, after ' 




6e))t., 18C3-1 


HISTORY OK THH WAR. 


75 


^hting four divya at Munfonlsville, Ky., uurrendeiod to an overwhelming 
force under General Hragg; about 4,non prisoners, 4,nno stand of arms, 
and a lot of stores were surretidereil. 28 'J'exas Hangers were driven out 
of Falnioutii, Ky., by Colonel Berry, of the Jiarnson County Home 
Guards, and 10 other.s. Two rebels were killed, four wounded, and one 
taken prisoner. One of Colonel Berry’s men was wounded. Brigadier- 
General Ross, at Bolivar, Tenn., deniauiled three-fourths of the mala 
slaves between 10 and 4.[), to work on the iutrenehrnents at that place. 
Ship Virginia, of New Bedford, .Mass., burned by the Alabama. Skirm¬ 
ishes at Florence, Ky., and Lee.sburg, Va.; rebels defeated. A naval 
expedition silenced the rebel batteries on the St. .John’s River, Fla. 
Cumberland Gap evacuated by General Morgan, who brought off hi.s 
stores and blocked up the Gap. Louisville, Ky., fortiliod against Kirby 
Smith. 

18th.—Ship Eliza Dunbar captured and burned by the Alabama. The 
rebels evacuated Harper’s Feri-y. General Bragg informed the citizens 
of Kentucky tliat the Army of the West had come to restore them to 
their liberties. Day of thanksgiving ami prayer in the Confederate .States 
for the victories at Richmond and Mana.ssa.s. 

1‘Jth.— Hattie at Itika, Misit .— Fought between the forces of General Rose- 
crans and General Brice. It lasted about two hours, just before dark. 
General Brice lost 2(>:{ killed, 40(1 wounded, and (>oo jiri.soners. Union 
loss, RV) killed, .'>27 wounded, and 30 missing. General McClellan pur- 
.sued the rebels .across the Botoinac. 

20th.—Commander rreorgo II. Breble was dismissed from the navy, for 
having permitted, through negligenee, the Oreto to rim the blockade of 
Mobile. Yesterday, at Owensboro, Ky., the relxd guerrillas attocked the 
Union troops there, killing the Colonel in command, when the Unioni.xts 
retired ; to-day the rebels were driven out by the Spencer (Indiana) Home 
Guards, witli great loss. The Horne Giumis had two men killed and 18 
wounded. Fight at .Shirley’s Ford, Mo., resulting in the defeat of the 
rebels, with wlioin there were a great many Indians. A force of Confed¬ 
erate cavalry entered Williamsjiort, Md., but retired a<'ro.s3 the river 
ujion the approach of the Union forces. Fight at Blackford’s Ford, on 
the Itotornac; the Unioni.sts retired across the river before a vastly 
euperior force. ITentiss, Miss., burned for harboring guerrillas. Gen¬ 
eral Rosecrans advanced against the rebels at luka to-day, but they had 
fle<l. 

2lst.—Munfordsville, Ky., reoccupied by Union troops, the rebels being 
driven out. The ram Queen of the West, while reconnoitering, had a 
fight with the rebels on shore, near Bolivar, Miss. The rebels driven 
out of Cassville, Mo., by the 1st Arkansas Cavalry. .San I'rancisco, Cal., 
contributed §100,000 to the United Btates Sanitary Commission. Skirm¬ 
ish at Shepherdsville, Ky.; the rebels repulsed, losing 6 killed and 28 
pri.soners. 

22d.—Skirmish at .Sturgeon, Mo. Fight at A.sliby’s Gap, Va.; robel.s 
defeated with great loss, and the Colonel commanding taken pri.soner. 
President Lincoln declared that on the 1st of .laniiaiy, 1863, he would 
declare free the .slaves in any State or nart of State then in rel^eliion 
against the government. Women and children ordered out of Louisville, 
Ky., by General Nelson, prepaiauu y to a battle with the Confederates. 

2;id.—300 Sioux Indian.s attocked Colonel .Sibley’s command at Yellow 
Medicine River, Minn.; the fight lasted two hours, when the Indians 
were repulsed, with the loss of 30 killed and a great many wounded. 
Colonel Sibley’s force suffered a loss of 4 killed and 3(» wounded. Fight 
at Sutton, Va.; the rebels at first repulsed, but, being largely reinforced, 
•he Unionists fell back to Bulltown. Colonel Switzer, with a body of 
Union troops, crossed the Potomac; at Shepherdstown, Va., and cajAured 
400 rifie« and a 12-|Xrtmder nfi©<i brass canuou^ all of English mauulka- 





76 


HISTORY OF THE WAR. 


fOE, 18«» 


tiire. Randolpli, Tenn., burned bv the TTnion troops from Mempliis. 
The steamer Emma plundered by the rebels at Foster’s Landing, on the 
Uhio River. 

21:th.—Pennsylvania militia dismissed. Office of the American Volun¬ 
teer, at Carlisle, Penn., destroyed by the citizens and soldiers. Convention 
of Governors at Altoona, Penn. General Butler ordered those citizens of 
New Orleans who had not taken the oath of ailegiance to report a full 
aiKi comjilete list of their proji’erty. President Lincoln ordered tlio 
arrest of .all those who aided the rebellion or di.scouraged enlistments, 
and suspended the writ of habeat corpus in their cases. 

25th.—Sabine Pass, Te.xas, captured by a portion of the naval force in 
the Gulf. General Buell’s army reached Louisville, having outmarched 
the army of General Bragg. 

20tli.—Skirmish at WaiVenton Junction; rebels routed, leaving large 
quantities of quarter-master and commissary stores. In the rebel House 
of Representatives resolutions were proposed offering the free naviga¬ 
tion of the Mississipjh and its tributaries, and the market of the Sout h, 
to the North-western States, upon certain conditions. Office of Pmvost- 
Marshal-General of the United States created by the Secretary of War. 

27th.—Colonel Toland, with a fctrce of infantry and cavalry, made an 
attempt to capture Jenkins’ rebel cavalry, at Buffalo, on the Kanawha 
River, Va. The rebels were driven one and a half miles; but, being 
strongly reinforced, the National force fell liack, without loss ; the rebids 
had seven killed and nine taken prisoners. Augusta, Ky., captured by 
rebel guerrillas ; the garrison, after a stubborn fi'dit, being com])elled to 
surrender to superior forces. The rebels lost 90 killed and wounded. 

28th.—The rebel steamer Sunbeam, with a cargo of gunpowder and 
brandy worth §250,000, was captured off' New Inlet, while trying to run 
into Wilmington, N. C. Skirmish on the Blackwater. General Bragg 
told the Kentuckians “ it was the last chance they would have for volun¬ 
teering in the Confederate army.” 

2yth.—General Nelson was shot at the Galt House, Louisville, by Gen¬ 
eral Jeff C. Davis. He died in fifteen minutes. A brigade of cavalry, 
under Lieutenant-Colonel Karge, captured and paroled 1,6(K) rebels at 
Warrenton, Va., and about 25 or 30 more on their return to Centerville. 
It was reported that in the rebel House of Representatives the feeling 
was freely expressed of raising the black flag during the war. Cavalry 
skirmish'at Sharpsburg, Md. ; "rebels dispersed and many captured. 

.30th.—Fight at Newtonia, lilo. ; Unionists defeated. Seven rebel bomb¬ 
proof magazines destroyed at Lower Shipi>ing Point, on the Potomac. 
Fight at Russellville, Ky.; rebels routed, with a loss of 35 killed and 10 

K isoners. Salt-works at Bluff'ton, S. C., destroyed, by order of General 
itchel. Simeon Draper, of New York, apiiointed'Provost-Iilarshal- 
General of the United States. 

UcTOBKii 1, 1802.—Fight at Floyd’s Fork, Ky., between the advance of 
General Sill’s division and a body of rebel cavalry ; the rebels were finally 
defeated, and pursued several niiles. The rebels evacuated Shelbyville, 
Ky. P'ight near Gallatin, Tenn., resulting in the rout of the rebels, with 
40'killed and 29 prisoners. Western gun-boat fleet transferred to the 
Navy Deiiartment. Hanijffon’s brigade of rebel cavalry driven out of 
Martinsburg by Geneial Pleasanton’s force. In returning, when near 
Shepherdstowii, the rebels attacked the Unionists, but were repulsed, 
with a loss of 00 killed and lo pi'isoners; the Unionists lost 3 men prison¬ 
ers and 12 wounded. General Buell left Loui.sville and proceeded toward 
Banistown. 

2d.—President Lincoln visited the .army at Harper’s Ferry, Va. Reso- 
lutions were offered in the rebel House of Representatives proposing to 
the Pacific States and Territories to join the Confederacy as a league 
offensive and defonsivo. Morgan repulsed Ly the Home Guards at Olive 


Lfct., 18G2.3 


HISTUKY OF THE WAR, 


77 


I 

Hill, Ky. Haiiillton, N. C., occupied hy General Fo<Jtcr. Bkirmisliino' 
betwc'cii General liuell and Kirbv Smith s forces, near Mount Washing¬ 
ton, Ky. ‘ 

•Kl.—General George W^ Morgan’s advance brigade, from Cumtierland 
Gap, reached (■ireeiuijxsbnrg. Kv., in a destitute condition. Rebel forti¬ 
fications at St. John’s Bhitf, Fla., i*,ai)ture(i and occupied by a naval c.xpe- 
dition. Fight on the lihu-kwater, near Franklin, Va., between three Union 
gun-boats and 9,(too rebefs on shore. .Vfter a tight of six hours, in which 
a great many rel.)els were killed and wounded, the. gun-boats retired. 
Tliey lo.st 19 killed and wounded. 'I'he, ships Brilliant and Emily Farn- 
nam captured and burned by the .Vlabama. A land force attacked the 
rebels near Franklin, Va., and di.spersed them ; rebels lost 30 killed and 
GO wounded. Cot)unenc<^.ment of the tiuttleK at Corinth .—The combined forces 
of Van l)orn, Price, and Lovell attacked the Union lines at Corinth early 
this morning; the fight lasted until night clo.sed the contest. The Union¬ 
ists were driven back into the town. 

4th.—The battle of Corinth w'as renew’ed early thi.s morning by the 
Confederates advancing to the attack. The battle raged fiercely till noon, 
when the rebels, being repulsed, broke and lied. The Confederates 
numbered in this fight 38,0(K) men; while General Ro.secrans, who com¬ 
manded in person, had not over 20,uo(). The Union loss was 313 killed, 
including General Hackleman, 1,812 wounded, and 232 prisoners and 
mi.ssing. The Confeilerate loss was 1,423 killed, wounded e.stimated 
at f),G92 ; 2,248, including 137 oflicers, taken prisoners, 3,300 stand of 
' arms, 14 stand of colors, together with vast quantities of stores of all 
kinds. The rebels were pursued 4o miles in force, and go miles with 
cavalry. Richard Howes inaugurated at Frankfort as rebel Governor of 
Kentucky. Galveston, Texas, summoned to surrender; four days’ time 
given. Fight at Bardstown, Ky.; the main body of the Unionists coming 
up, the rebels retreated, and the town was occupied. 

6th.—Generals Grd and llurlbut overtook the retreating rebels from 
Corinth at the Hatchie River, where they made a stand. After .seven 
hour.s’ hard fighting the reliefs tied in great disorder, Jeaving their dead 
and wounded and ItHj jirisoners ; nearly 1,000 stand of arms were taken 
here; the Union lo.ss, 500 killed and wounded. 'I’he person.al effects and 
official jiapers of the rebel General lamgstreet were captured at Xolan's 
Ferry, Va. Jack.sonville, Fla., ocGUjiied by General Braunau. Fight at 
Glasgow, Ky. 

Gth.—'I’he rebel army in full retreat through Kentucky. Colonel Sib¬ 
ley, commainling in Minnesota, renorted he had re.scued from the Indians 
107 whites .and 1G2 half-breeds. '1 he Indians were in full retreat. 

Vth.—'I'he rebels evacuated Lexington, Ky. Skirmish at Sibley’s 
Landing, Mo.; rebels defeated. Itattle at J.afergne, Tevn .—General 
Keglev dispahdied a force from Kashville to break up the rebel camp at 
this pl.aite. The e.xpedition w.as suc(*essful, the rebels retrt'ating after 
thirty minutes’fight; their loss was 80 killed an<l wounded ; the Union 
loss W’as 14 killed and wounded. Bark Wave and Brig Dunkirk destroyed 
by the .‘Vhibama. 

8th.— J>attle of Chaplin or Perrijville, Ky. —'I'he Confederates 

attaclied General IMcCook’s corps near Perryville; after several hours’ 
severe fighting, the rebels were driven acro.ss Cha}ilin River with severe 
loss, 'file Union loss was about 820 killed, including Generals .lacksun 
and Terrell, and about 2,G<xi wounded; the Confederate loss w.as 4,.WO 
killed, wounded, and missing. By this battle General Buell was pre¬ 
vented the capture of Bnagg's forces, who fell l).ack to BryantsviIIe. 
Seventeen wagonw and 560 men were captured by the rebels near Frank¬ 
fort, Ky. 

Sth.-^Commander Renshaw took po.s.ses.sion of Galvestf>n, and hoisted 
the Ameneau flag. Fight near Lawrence burg, Ky., resulting, after a 



78 HISTOUY OF THE WAR. fOct., 1862. 

five hours’ engagement, in the retreat of tlie rel)els with eaisiderable 
loss. National loss, six killed and eight wounded. 

10th.—jRaid.—Genera! Stuart, with 1,800 cavalry and four pieces 
of artillery, cros.sed the Potomac .at McGoy’.s Ferry, captured the pi(dvets, 
and proceeded in the direction of Morcen^burg, surprising and capturing 
all the guards; from Mercersburg he jiroceeded to Chambershurg, 
Penn., which surrendered to him. Nearly OOOsick soldier.s were ])aroled, 
horses were .seized, and communication by railro.ad .and telegraph cut off. 
Pebel forces driven from Missouri to Arkansas. Governor Leh-her, of 
Virginia, issued a proclamation, announcing certain regulations for 
obtaining s.alt for di.stribution to the peoyde. 

11th.—General Stuart’s cav.slry evacuated Chamber.sburg, after destroy¬ 
ing the extensive depots and workshops of the railroad companies and 
several trains of cars, also about 5,0U0 muskets and a large quantity 
of clothing, etc. They passed into Maryland by Emmet«burg, and 
obstructed the Baltimore and Ohio Railroad during the night. Nash¬ 
ville, Tenn., threatened by the Confederates. 

l‘2th.—Stuart’s cavalry, on their return, attardced Stoneman’s cavalry, 
near Poolesville, .and drove them across the IMonocacy; they then 
crossed into Virginia, at White’s Ford. In the expedition the rebels had 
not a man killed, and only .seven taken prisoners. They returned with 
1,(»00 horses, and inflicted damages to the amount of gl,')0,0tX). 

Idth.—It w’as ordered that all civil cases in New Orle.ans should be 
decided by the civil and not by the military authorities. 

1.5th.—Governor Vance, of N^orth Carolina, appealed to the citizens of 
that State, asking for contributions of shoes and clothing for their 
soldiers. 

loth.—An expedition from the West Gulf Squ.adron destroyed the r.ail- 
road bridge at Taylor’s Bayou, coast of Texas, and destroyed the rebel 
encampment at that pl.ace. 

17th.—The Confederates, under Colonel Faulkner, attacked the Union¬ 
ists on the Tennessee shore, near Island No. 10, but were rejnilsed, (Col¬ 
onel Faulkner and 1.5 others being captured. General Butler, at New 
Orleans, ordered th.at .all persons holding trusts for Confederates or their 
symp.athizers should not pay the .same without order.s from head-quar¬ 
ters, under penalty of a fine equal to the amount .so paid. 

18th.—Morgan’s cavalry made a dash into Ijoxington, Ky., killed six, 
ajid captured 120 Unionists, .and made their esoa]K\ Shawneetown, Kan- 
.sas, burned by guerrill.as. General McNeil, at Palmyra, Mo., executed 
ten rebel prisoners, in retaliation for the aljduction and murder, by Por¬ 
ter’s gang, of a citizen of that place, who had aided the Unionists. 

loth.—Colonel Miller, with a brigade of Union troops, .attacked and 
routed General Forre.st’s Confederates about seven miles from Nashville ; 
the rebels lost but few killed and wounded, but a large quantity of arms 
and accouterments, and several jiri.soners, were captured from them. 
General .Stahl made a reconnoissance tow'ard Warrenton, U)>perville, and 
Paris, Va., in se.arch of Stuart’s cavalry. He had a fight with some rebel 
c.avalry at d'horoughfare Gaj), and drove them b.ack to Warrenton; 
night coming on, .and his forces lieing run down, the General withdrew 
to Centei’ville. The exi)edition was, in a great measure, successful; it 
lo.st .about 12 killed and wounded, .and brought in over 100 prisoners. 

20th.—President Lincoln issued an order establishing a provi.sional 
court in Louisiana, and appointing Charles Peabody, of New York, as 
judge of .‘’aid court. 

21 st.—The Confedemtes, from K.anawh.a, West Virginia, after de.stroy- 
iug the salt-w()rk.s in that vicinity, r'larclnal into Fa.st Tennessee. General 
Hlocum routed a Confederate, foice at Lovettsville, Va. ; 32 men taken 
Jiri.soners and 1.5 flisahled. President Lincoln ordered an election for 
ipembers of Cougres-s in certain distncts lu Tennessee. 



t 


Nov., 18rt3.^ 


HISWRY Otf THR WAR. 


79 


^ —(jeiierHl lirai'g’s miDV, liavin^ eluded (Jeneral Buell, entered 

Tt'iinessee w'iiljout o]>^)o.siti(ni. l.;ii*-ll whs ordered bnek lo the Ohio. 
General Bullei' ordered tliut the Keliel’ Ooinrnittee ol’ New ttrleana 
should not supply any tiirnily in whieii llit-re whs any one liable to military 
duty, and who was not so employed. General Blunt’s command attacked 
5,tHK) rebels at Maysville, Ark., and, after an hour’s tiglit, completely 
routed them, with the loss of all their artillery and a portion of their 
equipage, and ].‘)(> killed and wounded. Union loss, five Ivilled and nine 
wounded. 'I'he Union forces, under Generals Brannan and Terry, 
attempted to gain po.H.session of Fhe Charleston and Savannali Railroad, 
at Pocotaligo, rf. 0. it was stubbornly defended by the Confederates, 
under General Beauregard. The railroad bridge was destroyed ; hut the 
rebels Ijeing .strongly r<‘inforced, the position could not Ije held. A 
detachment of the expedition, under Colonel Barton, destroyed the bridge 
over the Coosahatchie. The Union loss was 3U kdled, IkU wounded, and 
3 missing. 

2.1il.—.Skirmish .at Waverley, near Fort Uoiielson; Confederate.s de- 
I'ealed, with gi'eat loss. 

24th.—British steamer Scotia captured off Bnll’a Bay by the Restless. 
She was loaded with arms, ammunition, etc. 

2.0th.—Army of the Potomac entered Virginia, east of the Blue Ridge. 
British steainer Anglia captured by the Restless, inside of Bull’s Bay. 
Her car^o, with tiiat of the .S(3otia, wa.s valued at half a million dollars. 
Bkirmi.sn on the Blackwater. 

2Gth.—General H. A. Wi.se, with a Confederate force, came down from 
Riedunond into the Peninsula. 

27th.—General Weitzel’s forces, from Donaldsonville, La., met the 
Confederate.s at Labadieville, when half an hour’s fight ensued, which 
I'esnltcd in the rout of the rebels, with a loss of G killed, 15 wounded, 
and 2G8 prisoners ; Union loss, 18 killed and 08 wounded. General Pleas¬ 
anton had a tight with the rebels at Snicker’s Gap, Va., and drove them 
buck. 

28th.—General Herron, with 1,000 troops, attacked a much .superior 
force of rebels, camped near Fayetteville, Ark. The enemy, in about 
an hour and a half, broke and fled, leaving their whole camp and a few 
w.agons. Their loss was 15 killed and a great number wounded ; Union 
loss, five wounded. 

2lith.—A detachment of 240 men of the 1st Kan.sas (colored) Regiment 
h.ad a fight with several hundred guerrilla.s, .at Dick’s Ford, on the Osage; 
the guerrillas were scattered, losing several in killed and woumled. The 
negro troo}>s .are repre.sented to have behaved with great courage; loss, 
8 killed and 12 wounded. 

doth.—General Burnside formed a junction w’itlt General Sigel, ne.ar 
IMan.assa.s .Junction. General Stonern.an oceu))ie'l Leesburg. General 
Buell relieved of his command by the Pre.sident, and succeeded by 
General Ro.secrans. Fight near Petersburg, West Virginia, between 1.5U 
Union troops and from .TK) to .500 of .‘^tuart’s cavalry ; the rebels were sur¬ 
prised and fled, leaving ,Skilled and 16 pri.soners, besides losing P.) horses 
and 100 head of cattie. Union loss nothing. Major-General Mitchel 
died at Beaufort, S. C., of yellow tever. 

31st.—General Pleasanton’s cavalry continued to press the rebels in 
their retreat, oceuping all the gaps until relieved. 

November 1, 1862.—General Plea.santon’s cavalry overtook the rebels 
at Philomont, Va.; after a short skirmish the i-ebels fell back to Union. 
Governor Brown, of Georgia, and General Mercer called on the planters 
of that State for hands to work on the defeirses of Savannah. General 
Brannan assumed command of the Ibth Army Corps at Port Royal. 

2d.—.\t lb o’clock this morning the fight at Philomont was renewed, 
the rebels having advanced during the night. They were Anally eom- 




so 


HISTORY OF THE WAR. 


[Nov., 1862, 


pellod to nhfindon the ground in e.onfnsion nnd with heavy loaa. Union 
I 0 .SS, 12 killed and wounded, d'he expedition to Pitdnnn’.s Ferry returneil 
thi.s evening, owing to the I'uilure of otlier fon-es to co-oj)er;ite. The 
rehel.s at the ferry e><eaj>ed. Ex-Fre.sident Buelianan replied to General 
Scott, defending his position at the cominencenient of the rebellion. 
General Hancock occupied Snicker’s Gaj), <lriving out the rebels. The 
Alabama had de.stroyed, to this date, lit vessels, released one, and re¬ 
leased under bonds two. 

3d.—Skirmish at Snicker’s Gap. General Porter’s cavalry charged the 
Confederates through the Gaj), and drove them across the Shenandoah. 
Union loss, 5 killed and Hi wounded; rebel loss not known. General 
Pleasanton defeated the reliefs at Upperville, after a four hours’ engage¬ 
ment; rebels lost three killed and several wounded. General Stahl 
drove tlie rebels out of Thoroughfare Gap, and occupied it. Colonel 
Fo.ster, in pursuit of the Confederates, overtook and defeated them in 
Webster County, Ky., killing 3, wounding 2, and capturing 25 prisoners 
and 4U houses. 

-1th.—The gaps in the Blue Ridge occupied by the advance of the 
Army of the Potomac. Piedmont oeeuj>ied by Union forces. The 
Union gun-boats commenced convoying vessels between Memphis and 
Cairo. General Foster occupied lianiilton, N. C., and advanced on 
i’arboro. 

6th.—Mth Army Cori>s divided into three corps, under Major-Generals 
TlK)mas, IMcCook, and Crittenden. General Mchllellan relieved of the 
command of the .Army of the Potomac, and succeeded by General 
Burnside. Skirmish at >ievv Baltimore, Va.; after a short fight, the 
rebels were driven toward Warrenton. General Pleasanton and General 
Btuart met at Barbour, Va. The Confederates were whipped, with con¬ 
siderable loss; Union loss, five killed and ten wounded. Warrenton 
occupied by Union forces. Morgan’s cavalry made an attat^k on the 
Union camp on the Cumberland, but was repulsed, losing 5 killed and 
Hi wounded. Skirmish in front of Nashville. General Negley defeated 
the Confederates, capturing 23 prisoners, besides inflicting tieavy loss in 
killed and wounded ; Union lo.ss, 2(5 wounded and 19 missing. Rebels 
routetl at Piketon, Ky.; 8t) jirisoners, 150 muskets, 40 horses, 3 wagons, 
and a large lot of tents, etc., were cajitured. 

7th.—Gene 1 Bragg's estate in Louisiana confiseabHl by the military 
authorities. Three imndred Indians, convicted of the massacres in Min¬ 
nesota, sentenced to be hung. 

8th.—General Butler closed all the breweries and distilleries in his 
department. Colonel Ford dismissed from the .service of the United 
States for abandoning his position on Maryland Hights, in September 
last. .Skirmish at Gaine.s’ Cross-roads; reliels routed. General Pope 
preferred charges of disobedience of orders, etc., agaiu.st General Porter, 
w ho was ordered to Wa.sliington for trial. 

9th.—General Grant occujiied I^a Grange, Tenn. St. Marys, Fla., 
burned by the Mohawk, for firing on a flag of truce. General Butler 
confiscated all the jiroperty of disloyalists in Lafourche District. Cap¬ 
tain Dahlgren, with a smaii force of cavalry, made a dasli into Freder¬ 
icksburg, Va., and captured two wagon-lo'ads of gray clotii, etc. The 
Confederate loss was three killed, .several wounded, and 39 prisoners; 
Union loss, oiie killed and four missing—a daring raid. 

11th.—Colonel Lee killed 18 and captured" 134 Confederates, near 
La Grange, Tenn. He had two wounded. General Ransom overtook the 
rebel General Woodward near Garrettsburg, Ky., and completely routed 
him, and drove tlie whole force out of Kentucky; the rebels lost 16 
killed, 4(1 wounded, ami 25 ])risoners, and a large lot of stores, etc. Gen- 
cival McClellan arrived in Philadeliihia. 1,01(5 Union and 1,596 Confed* 
erate officers, and 21,U0U })rivaLe3, were this day exchanged. 





Nov., 


HLSTOKY OF Tllli: VVAft. 


81 


I21h.—(ieneral Hookor appoiiite<l to comniami of r»th Army Corps, 
(iciifial I’urter. 

lltli.—ernor Sliepley, of liOuisianii, ordercti the plection of Con- 
giv^snieu in the First aiui .Second I>istricts of tliat State. Tlie Nti/ioaaZ 
Aihocate, in New Orleans, siippre.s.sed. Army of tlie Potomac divided in 
tliree grand divisions, under Generals Sumner, Franklin, and Hooker, 
with the 1 Ith Corps as reserve. General Burnside’s head*quarters wero 
at Warrenton. 

loth.—Army of the Potomac, commenced the march toward Freder¬ 
icksburg. Large Union meeting in New Orleans. The Nutional Advocate 
re.suiued publication; its proprietor, Jacob Barker, having ))ublicly 
apologi/.e<I for his offense. 

loth.—President Lincoln, in an official order, enjoined a strict observ¬ 
ance. of the Sabbath in the army atid navy. General Burnside moved to 
Catlett s Station. 

17th.—General Burnside’s advance occupied Falmouth, Va. Acquia 
Creek and Fredericksburg llailroad repaired. Jame.s A. Sedden, of 
Virginia, appointed Confederate .Secretary of War. Jett Davis demanded 
the "surrender of General McN'eil, threatening, in case of refusal, to hang 
the first ten Union officers who should fall into his hands. Cavalry light 
at Cove Creek, near Kingston, N'. C.; the rebels driven from their bar¬ 
racks, which were destroyed. 

21st.—General Sumner demanded the surrender of Fredericksburg, in 
conseouence of the Confederates tiring on his troops; he threatened to 
burn the town in case of refusal, and allowed sixteen hours to remove 
non-combatant.s. The Mayor replieil that the citizens were not respon¬ 
sible for the firing, and that it would not occur again. He also askeu for 
a haiger time to remove non-combatants. General Sumner said, under 
the Circumstances, he would spare the town. 

22d.—General Sumner suited to the Mayor of Fredericksbur", that, so 
long .as no hostile demonstrations were" made, the city wotud not be 
shelled. All political .State prisoners discharged, by order of the Secre¬ 
tary of War. 

23d.—A reconnoitering jiarty from Fortress Monroe captured several 
prisoners on the old battle-ground at the Chickahominy. Lieutenant 
Parker, hi the gun-boat Ellis, went U{) New River Inlet as far as Onslow. 
Here he destroyed the immense .salt-works and captured a schooner with 
a cargo valued at S.>0,0O0; in returning, his vessel got aground, when 
I.ieutenant Ellis blew her up, to prevent her cajiture by the reliels. He 
transferred his crew to the ja-ize-schooner and escaped. The expedition 
captured three schooners and ten whale-bo.ats. 

24th.—General Milroy suppressed the Wheeling Press, for giving aid 
and comfort to the enemies of the United .States. 

2.7th.—Colonel Paxton, W’ith the 2d Virginia Cavalry, surpri.sed and 
ca})tured a Confederate camp at Sinking Creek, six runes from Frank- 
fori. West Virginia ; 118 prisoners, 3()i) stand of arms, 4 loaded wagons, 
JOh horses, and a lot of cavalry .sabers were taken; two pickets were 
killed. The rebels commenced fortifying Port Hud.son. Gu Confederate 
cavalry cros.sed the Potomac, and cajitured and paroled two telegraph 
oiierators at Poolesville. They were allowed to telegraph their capture 
to Washington. 

‘2Gth.—General Wise, from Chaffin’s Farm, Va., sent a letter to General 
Keyes, at Williamsburg, inquiring into the condition and treatment of 
the'patients at the lunatic asylum. General Keyes replied that they were 
as comfortable as circumstances would permit. President Lincoln visited 
General Burnside at Acquia Creek. Trains commenced running from 
Acqiiia to Falmouth. 

27th.—An exj)edition, 1,92.*) strong, under General Washburn, left 
Helemr, Ark., for a raid into Miasiasippi. 


82 


HISTORY OF THE 'W'AR. 


[Deo., 1803. 


28tli.—Genernl Hlnnt, })y a fon’ed march, met and attaeked Marma- 
dukc's rebel lon-es at Cane Mill, Ark. The tight raged over twelve miles 
of ground. The Confederates retreated, with heavy loss, toward Van 
Karen. A heavy force of Confederates captured two squadrons of the 3d 
Pennsylvania Cavalry, who were on picket duty, twelve miles from Fal¬ 
mouth. 

2'Jth.—Marmaduke’s forces, by a rapid retreat, reached Van Buren, 
Ark., at dark. General Stahl di.sper.sefl the rebels at Snicker’s Gap, kill¬ 
ing oO and capturing 40 of them. Frigate United States raised at Go.s- 
po’rt and taken into the navy-yard. 

DKCEMiiKii 1, 1302.—Congress met. President Lincoln recommended 
to Congress compen.sated emancipation for the slaves of the loyal States 
before the year 1 ;k) 0. I'he celebrated Pittsburg battory retaken from the 
rebels at Franklin, near Suffolk, Va. General Washburn’s expedition 
penetrated as far as Oakland, Cotfeeville, ami Panola, destroying the 
trac.k and bridges of the Mississipj)! Central and Mississippi and Tennes¬ 
see Railroads, near Oakland. 

2d.—General Geary liad a fight with the refuels near Charlestown, Va., 
and defeated them, killing and wounding 70, and taking 14.0 prisoners. 
General Hovey, with 20,000 men, occupied Grenada, Miss., the Confeder¬ 
ates having al)andoned it, after burning 15 locomotives and 100 cars. 
General Wa.shtairn had a fight with the rebels near Oakland, Miss., in 
which he captured a number of pi’isoners, horses, and arms, and o,000 
Millie cartridges. lie had 10 men wounded, lost one gun, and 15 or 16 
liorses. 

3d.—The Confederates evacuated their fortifications at Abbeville, Miss. 
Winche.ster, Va., surrendered to General Geurv. 

4th.—Gun-boats skirmishing with the rebel batteries on the Rappa¬ 
hannock ; the Confederates evacuated. General Washburn’s expedition 
returned to camj) on tlie Coldwater. 

6th.—General Banks’ expedition sailed from New York for New Or¬ 
leans. 

7th.— Battle of Prairie Grove. —After three days’ skirmishing, the battle 
ojiened this morning. The rebels made a feint in front orBlunt, and 
sent the main body t» attack General Herron, who was advancing to 
reinforce General Blunt. General Blunt, hearing the tiring in the direc¬ 
tion of the advancing column, hastily moved forward, and arrived in 
time to prevent a hank movement on General Herron’s right; and, at 
P. M., the engagement became general along the whole line. The 
battle raged fiercely and with great slaughter till dark, the contending 
armies alternately advancing and retii'ing. During the night the Confed¬ 
erates retreated over the Boston Mountains, abandoning their dead and 
wounded. Tlie Union loss in the engagement was—killed, 107 ; wounded, 
7!t8; missing, 1,148. Rebel loss estimated at 3,000 killed and wounded, 
of whom nearly 1,000 were buried on the field. Privateer Alatiama cap¬ 
tured the California steamer Ariel off the Island of CuVia. 300 Confeder¬ 
ates attacked oo Federal cavalry at King George Court-house, Va.; 40 of 
the cavalry escaped ; the others were killed of captureii. The 104lh Illi¬ 
nois, lOiith and 108th Ohio, and part of the 2d Indiana Cavalry, sur- 
renilered to General Morgan at Hartsville ; 55 Unionises were killed. 

0th.—f^teamer Ariel released on bonds amounting to S228,000, payable 
at the close of the war. Concordia, Ark., burned in retaliation for the 
burning of the steamer Lake City by guerrillas. The Confederates 
attaeke'd the Union gun-boats at Port koyal, below Fredericksburg, but 
were repulsed. 

loth.—The House of Representatives pas.sed the bill admitting West 
Virginia into the Union. Plymouth, N. C., destroyed by the Confederates 
in an engs^gement with Ttnion troops. 

llth.-^GeiHwal Goitry occupied Leesbtirg. Fretlericksbur , Va., bomb- 





Dec., 180)3J.] 


HlSTOllV' OF THE WAR. 


83 


arded ; 143 guns were at full play on the town at one time. The Union 
troops crossed the river under cover of the tire, a small advance hav¬ 
ing routed the Confederate .sharp-shooters, which, for a time, prevented 
the engineers in laying tlie pontoons. 

12th.—General Burnside made preparations to advance on the rebel 
works south of Fredericksburg. 

13th.—General Foster's expedition, adv.ancinj^on Goldsboro, met the 
rebels on South-west Creek; the rel^els retreated, after a short skirm¬ 
ish, to Kingston. Here again they were attacked, and held out for five 
hours, when they were driven from their position, with the loss of 11 
pieces of artillery and 400 })risoners. The gun-boat Cairo was blown up 
in the \azoo River; nobody hurt. Battle vf Frederickslmrg. —After two 
days’ bombardment of the city. General Burn.side succeeded in laying 
his ))ontoons, and his army yesterday crossed to the south bank of the 
river, and took possession. 'J’his morning they advanced upon the rebel 
works .south of the city. The ground here is in the form of plateaux, 
from a quarter to half a* mile wide, on the first of which stands the city ; 
on the third or upper one was the rebel i)osition, fortified with great skill 
and strength, and commanding every approach. The middle one was 
tlie princij>al battle-ground. Franklin move<l against the rebel right, 
while Hooker att.acked the center. Several charges were made by the 
Union troops, but they failed to make any impression on the rebel 
works, and night found the two armies in the same position as in the 
morning. The Union losses were 1,512 killed, about G,U00 wounded, and 
about 700 prisoners. 

14th.—No general engagement at Fredericksburg, but continual skirm¬ 
ishing along the lines. 395 Confederate cavalry ehtei’ed Poolesville and 
captured 17 Federal .soldiers; two rebels and one Union soldier were 
killed and 13 wounded. General Banks’ expedition retiched New Or¬ 
leans. An expedition from Ozark, Mo., destroyed the saltpeter-work.s 
on White River, near Tolbert’s F'erry, captured 42 prisoners, 4 teams, 
etc., and returned without loss; the saltpeter-works cost the rebel gov¬ 
ernment $30,000. Colonel Dickey, with a force of cavalry, destroyed the 
Mobile and Ohio Railroad from Okalona to Saltillo, 27 miles. 

15th.—Burnside’s army still occupied Fredericksburg, the rebels re¬ 
maining inside their intrenchments. 

16th.—During last night and this morning the Army of the Potomao 
reerossed to the north Bank of the river before the rebels w'ere aware of 
the movement. Every man and all property was removed. General 
Butler took leave of his command, being relieved by General Banks. 
General Foster drove the rebels, after a three hours’ fight, from an 
intrenched position at Whitehall, N. C. They retreated to Golds¬ 
boro. 

17th.—I'he Union troops, under General Grover, reoccupied Baton 
Rouge, La. General Foster reached Goldsboro, drove out the enemy, 
burned the railroad bridge, destroyed the track, and then returned 
toward Nowbern. 

l.Sth.—Cavalry fight at Corinth, Miss., between Generals Dodge and 
Forre.st. Becretaries Seward and Cha.se tendered tlieir lesignations, in 
consequence of the action of some Republican Senators concerning the 
late figlit on the Rappahannock. The resignations were subsequently 
withdrawn. 

19th.—General Naglee brought in 1,800 head of cattle from Gloucester 
County, Va. Cavalry raid on Occoquan, Va.; 31 Union soldiers were 
captured. 

20th.—Confederate raid near Jackson, Tenn.; they destroyed the rail¬ 
road an',1 burned a long trestle-bridge. Van Dorn’s cavalry cajiturcd Holly 
Springs, Miss., with 1,500 pri.soner.s, whom they paroled ; they destroyed 
aodut $ 6 , 000,000 of property, of which $1,000,000 was coUou. They burued 


84 


HISTORY OF THE WAR, 


[Dec., 18(52. 


a new hospital containing 2,000 bunks, and attempted to destroy the gen¬ 
eral hosi)ital, by piling ordnance stores against it and tiring them ; 20 men 
were wounded by the ex})loding sh^ls. The town was nearly de¬ 
stroyed. 

gist.—(reneral Carter, with 1,000 cavalry, started from London, Ky., on 
an expedition into East Tennessee. He succeeded in destroying several 
important bridges, a locomotive and train, and captured 550 prisoners 
and 700 stand ot arms. 

2 ;iil.—General Higel was attacked at Dumfries, Va., by 4,000 Confederate 
cavalry ; after skirmishing all tlay, tltey were repulsed. Jeff Davis 
issued a proclamation denouncing General Butler as an outlaw, and 
threatening to hang him and any of his officers who might be cajttured, 
in retaliation for the execution of William B. Mumforil at New Urleans. 

2,3th.—6,000 rebels, under Van Dorn, made an attack on 2 (m) infantry 
and 50 cavalry, under Colonel Morgan, 25tl\ Indiana, protected by earth¬ 
works and block-houses, at Davis’ IHills, Miss., and, after a desperate 
fight of three and a half hours, during which they made three distinct 
charges, were repulsed. Van Dorn lost 22 killed, 00 wounded, 20 j)rison- 
ers, and 100 stand of arms ; Union loss, 3 wounded. Colonel Gray, 4th 
Indiana Cavalry, with 200 men, met and defeated 4(K) of Morgan’s cavalry, 
near Ilardysville, Ky. The fight lasted tlhrty minutes; 15 rebels were 
killed and o taken prisoners. A body of 4o Texans, who had been driven 
from their homes into Mexico by the rebels, crossed the Rio Grande at 
Lcs Cuevos Ranehe, and attacked a body of 44 rebels guarding a wagon 
train; U rebels were kille<l, the balance scattered; the wagons were 
burned, and the horses confi.scated. 

26th.—General Rosecrans commenced his movement toward Murfrees¬ 
boro. Major Stevens, 14th Kentucky, with 150 men, routed a superior 
force of guerrillas, in Powell County, Ky., capturing their leader and 11 
men, 25 horses, and a large amount of .stores. 

27th.—A company of the fid Pennsylvania Cavalry was surprised and 
captured at Uccoqnan, and its captain killed. 250 men of the 10th Ken¬ 
tucky Cavalrv, under Major Foley, sur})rised a body of 350 Confederates 
at Elkfork, Ivy., killed and wounded 47, .and cajitured 57 men and 80 
horses, ami burned their c.am}). No loss to the Unionist.s. Stuart, with 
6,01)0 men and si.x pieces of artillery, made an att.ack on Dtmifries, Va., 
wliieh was defended by tliree companies of infantry, 400 cavalry, and four 
jfieces of artillery ; after a fight of six hours the rebels retired, defeated, 
losing 10 killed, 16 wounded, and 30 prisoners. Union loss, 4 killed, 
8 wounded, and 20 men captured on patrol duty. Colonel Phillips drove 
the rebel forces of Coffee and Standwaite, in the Indian Territory, across 
file Arkansas, and de.stroyed the works and buildings at Fort Davis. 
General Sherman attacked the outworks of Vicksburg to-<lay, while the 
gun-boats engaged the Haines’ Bluff batteries. A detachment was sent 
across the Missis;'i)>pi River to destroy the Vicksburg and hhreveport 
Raili’oad, to ijrevent reinforcements to the garrison. The Union troops 
steadily advanced, driving the rebels out of their intrenchments; and, 
on the 

28th.—The first and second lines were taken after a severe contest, and 
tho attacking party reached within two and a half miles of the city. Van 
Buren, Ark., ca])tured by the Army of the Frontier, under Generals 
Herron and Blunt. On the march they had a fight with the rebels at 
Dripping Hpring, killing seven of them.' Four steamers, heavily laden, 
12U ])risoners, 40 wagons, and 240 mules were taken at Van Buren'; Union 
loss, five or six slightly wounded. The rebels burned their arsenal ami 
ferry-boat at Fort Smith, to pi'event their ca])ture. General Blunt 
destroyed the boats and part of the stores. Relicl Colonel Morgan, with 
2,800 men, summoned the. garrison at Elizabethtown, Ky., 2.30 strong, to 
surrendor; lliej’ refused. The garrison, protected by their siock^e, 



Jan., 18G3.] 


HISTORY OP THE WAR. 


85 


witlistood a bombardment of an hour, when they surrendered, naving 
one man Mounded. Jlorgan afterward destroyed the trestle-work lit 
Muldrough’.s Hill. 

29th.—The Union forces took the main battery and rifle-))its in rear of 
I Vicksburg, but were afterward rejiulsed. On account of tlie di.sa.ster at 
i Holly Springs, General Grant coulil not co-operate, and the rebels, being 
strouiily reinforced, threw their whole force on .Sherman, and coinpelleo 
his retreat to the outer line of works, the fighting, in many cases, being 
hand-to-hand. The artillery fire was furious, and lasted three hours. 
Sherman’s loss was supposed to be between 4,000 or o.oix). 

: 30 th.—The iron-clad Monitor foundered off Cape Hatteras ; 2 officers 
and 28 men were lost. Morgan defeated in an attack on New Haven, 
Kentucky. 

;31st .—Battle of Mnr/reetboro .—General Rosecrans, finding that the rebel 
army manifested a feeling of security, and had weakened their force 
somewhat by expeditions to various parts of the State, left Nashville on 
the 2tjth, in three columns, under Thomas, McCook, and Crittenden, and 
came up with the rebels on the 29th, near Stewart’s Creek, and drove 
them back to their intrenchmenis, which were advantageously situated 
on Stone River, three miles from Murfreesboro. Supposing the rebels 
were retreating, Harker’s brigade, of Wood’s division, was ordered across 
the river, but were met by a heavy fire from a regiment in ambush. 
Harker held his fire until wTthin short range, when he fired and charged, 
driving the rel>els back upon their main body, which proved to be Breck¬ 
inridge’s division. Finding the force in front too strong, the brigade was 
recalled. <.)n the ;50th, .'3,5U0 rebel cavalry made a dash on the trains in 
the rear of the Union left, but \vere driven olf by .Starkweather’s briga<le, 
not, hoMCver, before they had destroye<l 20 wagons. Uuring the day 
there was considerable fighting and maneuvering lor position, the Union 
forces pressing forward, and constantly gaining ground. At dawn on the 
3lst, Hardee inIvanccd noiselessl y, in heavy columns, .against the right 
wing, commanded by .McCook. Kirk’s ami Willich’s brigades first felt 
the .shock, and stood* their ground for awhile, but were finally compelled 
to yield to overj>owering masses. Kirk was wounded and Willich taken 
pri.soner. Surging along the line toward the center, the rebel forces, in 
about au hour,Touted the whole right wing, and drove them back nearly 
four miles, capturing 28 pieces of artillery. The plan of battle was 
defeated. The left wing, which had commenced its advance, was halted. 
Beatty’s and Fyffe’s brigades, with Rou.sseau’s division from the reserve, 
were sent to reinforce tiie right. A new line was formed ; and Rosecrans, 
massing the artillery in the center, hurled destruction on the adv.ancing 
columns, and comjfielely checked them; then, ordering a charge, the 
rcliels broke and fled. The battle r.aged fiercely for ten hours. General 
Rosecrans freely exposing himself during the whole fight. Abotit 7.0t>0 
men w'ere lost this day. During the progress of this fight, Wheeler’s 
rebel cavalry, 3,0(X) strong, with two guns, attackeil Colonel Innis’ regi¬ 
ment of Michigan Engineers and Mechanics, who had Ix-en posted at 
Lavergne, to protect communications. They were repul.sed m seven 
distinct charges, when they withdrew. The rebel cavalry had penetrated 
to the rear, and were very active in destroying provision and ammunition 
trains. ,\n immense meeting of Manchester (England) operatives w.as 
held in Free-Trade Hall, in that city. Resoluti.iHs were passed sym¬ 
pathizing with the North, and an address to President Lincoln wa.s 
adopted. 'I’he transport Blue Wing, with 1(1 mail-bags of letters for 
Bhennan’s army, was burned by tlie guerrillas at the mouth of the 
Ai'Icausas River. 

January 1, 186.3.—The year 1863 o]-»ened auspiciously for the Union 
arms. Notwithstanding niuch time and means liad been spent in }nep- 
aratious* in <^ nu|>pmg the army and navy, in builditig now iroa-cl.ad.s, eU;., 


86 


HtSTOKY OF THE WAR. 


[Jan., 1863. 


{ jreat progress had l)oen made toward crusliing the rebellion, Missouri 
lad been brought into .sulijection to the Federal arms, and the Army of 
the Frontier had pushed its way across its borders into Arkansas. By 
the victories of Mill Spring, Donelson, and Shiloh, Kentucky and Middle 
and West Tennessee, had been wrested from the rebels; the capitulation 
of Columbus, Island No. 10, and Meinphis, gave us control of the Upl>er 
Mississijipi; while the capture of New Orleans effectually closed the 
river against the egress of the incipient rebel navy, and placed under our 
controfthe sugar-growing districts of Louisiana. We occujiied the whole 
coast of North Carolina, nearly all of that of South Carolina; the capture 
of P'ort Pulaski placed in our power the principal seaport town of Georgia, 
while, on the coast of Te.xas, our guns commanded tlie town and island 
of Galveston, (fn all sides victory had been the result of the advance of 
our arms; while the consecjuent discouragements of the rebels, and the 
failiu’e of their plans, have led to commotions among themselves, and to 
expo.sures which show how utterly rotten are the foundations on which 
the fabric of the rebellion is erected. 

During last night Geinwal Hosecrans, at Murfreesboro, readjusted 
his line of battle, jirejiaratory to antither attack to-day. The army biv¬ 
ouacked on Uie field. During the day there was heavy skirmishing, but 
no general engagement, the enemy throwing out small bodies as if to 
feel a weak jioint. Colonel Hoskins, (l-2th Kentucky,) commanding the 
forces at Lelianon, Ky., attacked Morgan's forces, six miles soutli of that 
place, and defeated liim ; several relxds were killed and w'ounded, and 
WJ taken prisoners ; their caissons and provisions were taken. Morgan 
fied in the direction of Columbia. I'resident Lincoln issued his Emanci¬ 
pation Proclamation. Attack on Gulve:ito)t .—General Magruder, with 
5,000 men and five steamers, made an attack on Galveston, defended by 
about .‘lOO men, under Colonel Burrill, and two or three steamers. Barri¬ 
cades were erected in tlie streets. After sustaining an uneoual contest 
for four hours, during which they repulsed the rebels several times, the 
Unionists were compelled to surrender to overpowering numbers. Tho 
Harriet Lane was captured by boarding; 2 officer.^ and 8 men were killed, 
10 men wounfled, and 110 taken prisoners. The Westfield ran aground, 
and was blown up by her commander, to prevent her capture by the 
rebels; by a premature explosion. Commander Kenshaw and several 
officers were blown up witli the vessel. The rebel loss in the engagement 
was very heavy. The rebels captured 30,000 rifie-cai'tridges, 5,000 picks, 
and 500 shovels. 

2d.—At ]\Dirfreesboro the rebels had massed their columns agninst the 
left; and, at 3 o’clock P. M., tliey advanced in three heavy coliiTnns, bn4- 
talion front; advancing to within 100 yards, they were met liy a heavy fire 
from the left, now reinforced, and the artillery being massed, in forty 
minutes the rebel column Viroke and fled, losing 2 ,o 0 o men ; General 
Kains among the killed. General McClernand superseded General Bher> 
man, and re-embarked the. army on the transports in the Yazoo. The 
loss in the attack on Vicksburg was about (iOO killed, 1,50G wounded, and 
1,000 missing. The Arkansas Legislature imposed a fine of from ^.500 to 
$1,000, and imprisonment in the penitentiary of from five to ten years, on 
any person “caught trading with Yankees.”' 

3d.-^Heavy .skirmishing in front at Murfreesboro, which became so 
annoying that GenerallKosecrans ordered the corps commanders to clear 
their fronts. Rousseau’s division was ordered to dislodge the rebels, which 
they did. A coraiiany of cavalry from California arrived in New York. 
Paymaster Major 1. N. Cook had gambled away $253,000 of money sent 
him to pay the army. Many of the parties were arrested, and much of 
the funds recovered ; the matter wa,s made, public to-day. Imboden and 
Jenkin.s’ rebel cavalry attacked Colonel Washbtirne at'Moorefield, Va., 
artd continued fighting all day. 



Jan., 186.S.] 


HiaTOIiY OP THE WAR. 


87 


4th.—The fight at MoorefieM eontinued to-day; the rebels were driven 
four miles. Colonel Mulligan reiul'orced the g;irri.‘<on tlii.s evening. 
Major Ivoid Sanders, of tl\e C. S. a son of George N. Banders, captured 
in a small boat off Charleston, with important dispatches from the rebel 
government for Europe. Rebels retreated froni Murtreesboro la.st night. 
The Union loss in the whole fight was officially stated at ‘J2 officers killed, 
384 wounded, 1,441 men killed, wounde(I, and 3,000 taken pri.soners. 
The rebel los.s was estimated at 14,500 killed and wounded. The Union 
force engaged was 43,400 men ; the rebel force was estimated at 02,520, 
Altogether this was one of the most fierce and bloody buttles of the war, 
and would have been lost but for the superior generalship and tenacity 
of General Rosecrans. The victory effectually cleared Middle Tennes¬ 
see of the rebels, and saved it and Kentucky from a formidable inva¬ 
sion. 

5th.—General Thomas’ corps advanced .and occupied .Murfreesboro. 
McCook and Crittenden’s corps took j)ositions in front of the town. 

7th.—General Carter’s e.vpedition into E.ast Tennessee heard from ; to 
the 30th of Ifecernber he had de.'<troyed the Union and Watauga bridges, 
with ten miles of railroad ; 550 rebels killed, wounded, .and taken in-ison- 
ers; 700 stand of arms and large quantities of stores were captured ; the 
Union lo.ss was but ten men. An expedition from Yorktown destroyed 
the railroad depot and rolling-stock, with several boats loaded with grain, 
at White House, Va.; no loss to the expedition. 

8th.—Marmaduke, with 5,000 rebels and 10 pieces of artillery, attacked 
Springfield, Mo., defended by 2,000 men, and 5 pieces of artillery in bad 
order. Severe fighting all day, during wliich the rebels were defeated at 
every advance. Union loss, 17 killed and a number wounded ; rebel loss, 
50 killed and many wounded. Marmaduke retreated toward the .Vrkan- 
sa.s. Captain Moore, with lOo men, surprised a party of 300 rebels at 
Hunter’s Mills, 35 miles east of Fort Pillow, and killed 10, wounded 40, 
and captured 40 men, with their horses and a lot of small arms; two Fed- 
erals were wounded. Lieutenant Cushing, with 25 men, captured a fort 
on Little River, N. C., near Fort Caswell ; tlie rebel.s fled, leaving every 
thing, as the Federals entered ; one Federal wounded. The English 
steamer Antoua captured by the Pocahontas, off Cape San Bias. 

9th.—A cavalry escort of a telegrajih party recaptured from the rebels 
40 loaded wagons which they had taken at Springfield, Mo.; several 
prisoners were laken. The .ship George Griswold, loaded with provi¬ 
sions for the Lancashire (England) operatives, left New York amid great 
enthusiasm. Fight on the Biackwater ; the rebels, under General Pryor, 
driven back by Wheeler’s mounted rifles. General McClernand’s expe¬ 
dition against .Arkansas I’ost started uj) White River. 

10th.—.McClernand’s forces landed on the Arkansas River, one mile 
below Ark.ansas J’osf, under cover of tlie gun-boats. 700 Federals 
attacked 4,0(XJ rebels, with five guns, at Hartsville, Mo., and drove them 
five miles; the rebel.s took a circuit and returned to Hartsville, when 
fighting recommenced, and continued till sundown. Union loss, 35 
killed and wounded ; rebel loss, about 15)0. Pvichrnond papers reported 
the .arrival, at a Confederate port, of the iron steamer Giraffe, loaded with 
government stores, and having on board a special me.ssenger to the Con¬ 
federate Government. Gun-boat Sagamore arrived at Key West with 
the English ships Avenger and Julia, from Nassau, as prizes ; they were 
loaded with supplies for the rebels. Galveston bombarded by the Fed¬ 
eral steamers; 107 shells were thrown into the town and batteries. 
Privateer Retribution captured, in lat. 28° 12'N., long. (18° 5.5' W., the brig¬ 
antine J. P. Elliott, and put a prize crew on board. The wife of the mate, 
who was left on board, succeeded in getting the officers drunk, and ironed 
them, and, with the aid of the crew, most of whom were negroes, took 
the vessel to Sk Thoinirs, and delivere<l it to tire United Stidefl Consul. 


88 


UIHTORY OF THE WAR. 


[Jrtn., 18fia. 


llnitfcl States pteatnor Anrom oa_pfnre(l (ho Enffllah stf'amer Rising 
I>awn, wilh a large cargo of salt, etc., while trying to run the blockade 
of Charleston. 

llth.—Battle of Arkansas Post.—Union forces stormed the works, aided 
by the giin-hoats tinder Admiral Porter. The whole garrison surren¬ 
dered. The Union loss was 100 killed and 500 wounded ; rebel loss, .500 
killed and wounded. 5,000 prisoners were taken, including General 
Churchill, commanding, and all the ammunition and stores. The forti¬ 
fications were destroyed. 

12th.—The Confederate Congress met at Richmond. Two Texas regi¬ 
ments marched into Arkan.sas Post to reinforce the rebel.s, j.nd were cap¬ 
tured by the Federal garrison. The rebels sudtlenly left in front of Sum¬ 
ner's head-quarters at Falmouth, and moved southward. 

10th.—The steamer Charter, with quarter-master and commissary 
stores, sunk by the guerrillas, 10 miles below Nashville; 10 men were 
captured. Skirmish with Wheeler’s cavalry, near Nashville ; rebels 
retreated. 500 rebel cavalry, with a battery, attacked three boats at Har- 
peth Shoals, near Nashville. Tiie Trio, with 200 sick and wounded on 
board, wa.s fired into, the men ca]>tui-ed and paroled. The gun-boat Sidell, 
acting as convoy, surrendered without firing a gun ; her giins were thrown 
overboard and the vessel burned. Five Federal gun-boats bombarded 
Fort Caswell, N. C., for four hours, the object being to get the range of 
its guns. The rebel steamer Oreto, with 1,700 bales ot cotton, ran the 
blockade of Mobile, and escaped. 

llth.—Naval fight off Galveston, between the Confederate steamer 
Alabama and the armed transport ITatteras ; the fight lasted thirty min¬ 
utes, aud resulted in the sinking of the Hatteras in nine fathoms water ; 
the Alabama was severely handled. Two men were killed and five 
wounded on the Hatteras; the balance, with the wounded, were taken 
prisoners on board the Alabama. The Brooklyn gave chase, but the 
rebel escaped in the darkness. The gun-boat Calhoun got aground in 
the Teche, and was fired upon by the rebels ; Commander Buchanan was 
instantly killed. The troops charged upon them, killing 60, capturing 
ao, and dispersing the rest. The rebel gun-boat Cotton was captured 
and destroyed. The rebel force was 12,000, with three pieces ofartil- 
lery. 

nth.—General Halleck issued orders that no rebel officers or prisoners 
of war be released on parole until furtlier orders. This was in conse¬ 
quence of a number of Union officers having been closely confined in 
Richmond and not allowed to be })aroled. An expedition from Newbern 
encountered 1,800 rebels at Pollocksville, N. C., drove them from the 
town, and took possession. A number were wounded on both sides. 
The schooner Emma Tuttle, loaded with saltpeter, and dying the English 
flag, captured bv the U. S. schooner Hope, off Charleston. 

18th.—General Gorman captured Des Arc, Duvall’s Bluff, and St. 
Charles, on White River, Ark. ; 150 prisoners, 2 columbiads, .'lOO small 
arms, and a large quantity of ammunition were taken. .At Des .Arc the 
people were rejoicing o\Vr Confederate victories at Vicksburg, Port 
Hud.son, and .Arkansa.s Post. 

l!)th.—President Lincoln approved the bill authorizing an issue of 
S^K'O.OOO.OOO to pay the army and navy. He sent in a special message, 
saying that, while he approved the bill, lie deprecated the further issdie 
of U. S. notes, as tending to inflate the currenejq and expressed his 
desire that some more expedient means might be taken to raise money. 
The steamer Huntress, with 400 bale.s of cotton, was destroyed by fire 
while attempting to run the Wockade of Charleston. The steamer Mary 
Crane, with Jt'-iO.OtKi worth of subsistence stores, w'as burned on the 
Cumberland by the guerrillas. The iron-clad Moutauk arrived at Port 
Royal. 


Jan., 18C3.] 


HISTORY OF THE WAR. 


89 


20th.—Fitz-.John Porter dismissed from the service of the United 
States hy sentence of court-martial, fnr disobodienco of oi’ders, etc. 'J’ha 
Richmond Examiner oi' this date sai<l: “It is not altogether an empty 
boa.st on the part of the Yankees, that tliey hold all the}' have ever held; 
and that another year or two of such })rogress as they have already made 
will tind them masters of the Southern Confederacy. The j)ledg’c, once 
deemed fooli.'ih by the South, th.at he woul.l ‘ hoM, oceui»y, and j) 0 s.sess’ 
all the fort.s belonging to the United States (ilovernment, has l)een re¬ 
deemed almost to tlie letter 1)}'Lincoln. Forts Sumter .and Morgan we 
still retain; but, with these exceptions, all the strongholds on the sea¬ 
board, from Fortres.' Monroe to the Rio Grande, are m the hands of ttie 
enetny; and the onward march of Rosecrans toward .Mabama, the pres¬ 
ence of Grant in North Mi.ssi.ssinpi, and of Curtis in Jliddle Arkan.sas, to 
s.'iy nothing of the pre.sence of Ilanks at New Orleans and Baton Rouge, 
set at n'st the silly dream that a thin strip of sea-coast only is in posses¬ 
sion of our foes.’' It al.so remarked: “ II'within the next two month.s 
we do not add 7.'>,fK»0 or men to our forces in the South-west, wo 

shall come to grief.” The Alabama landed the prisoners from the Ilat- 
tcras at Kingston, .Tamaica. M.ijor Justus McKinstry, late Quarter¬ 
master at St. Loui.s, under ticneral Fremont, dismissed from the service 
by court-martial, for neglect and violation of duty. 

•Jlst.—'Phe steamer Ottowa ca|)tured a rel)el .schooner, with 90 bales of 
cotton, while running tlie blockade .at Charleston. At Sabine Pass the 
rebels <*a)>tured the brig Morning Light and the schooner Velocity; IJ 
guns. $l,(MMi,ouo worth of lu'operty, and JOO jirisoners were ca])tured. 
The .Morning Light wa.s afterwaid destroyed, to prevent its recaj)ture by 
the* Federals. 

•21th.—Skirmish at Woodbury, Tenn.; the fight Lasted three-quarter.s 
of an hour, when the rebels fled ; nine Unioni.sts were wounded. 

2.>th.—General Burnside relieved of the command of the Army of the 
Potomac, and was succeeded by I^Iajor-t.feneral Joseph Hooker. Gen- 
ends Franklin and Sumner also relieved of their commands. 

2tith.—A large expedition,comprising 00 tnuisports and 70,000, men and 
1.50 schooners loaded with war material, left Beaufort, N. C., for Port 
Royal. Several vessels have lately succeeded in running the blockade in 
and out of Charleston and ports along the coast. 

■27th.—Union meeting at Fayetteville, .\rk. Fight at Middlebury, V.a., 
between Stuart’s rebel cavalry and Colonel Wyndham’s Union cavalry; 
rebels routed, losing 10 jirisoners. The iron-clad Montauk bombarded 
F’ort JIc.\llister, on the Ogeechee River, Ga., for four hours, to test the 
boat and to get the range of the fort. The Charleston 3lercnry incident¬ 
ally admitted the existence of a Union organization in Nortli Carolina. 
It said: “A force of 1,(K)U men from General Kirby Smith’s division, 
allied by companie.s collected in North Carolina, attacked their front and 
rear, killed many, captured a number, and scattered the rest. The 
country is now quiet.” 

•2,sth.—A large and enthusiastic meeting was held in St. Louis, to indorse 
the President’s Proclamation of Emancipation. Philadelphia Evening 
Journal suppres.sed for alleged di.sloyal sentiments. The gun-boat Lex¬ 
ington attacked by the rebels on the Cumberland River, but a few shots 
in°return scattered them in confusion. In the rebel Congress, Henry S. 
Foote introduced resolutions offering an alliance, otfen.sive and defensive, 
with such of the North-western States as would lay down their arms and 
de.sist from a further prosecution of the war again.st the South. 

•2<ith.—l,k(>0 Unioni.sts were reported organized in Brownsville, Texas. 
Between ‘2(H) and JOO rebel sympathizers attempted to re.scue a train-load 
of rebel prisoners at Chicago, but were prevonted by the firmness of the 
guar<I. Rebels cro.ssed tlie Blackw.ater la.st ni^ht in strong force, accom- 
jnuiicd 1;}’ M ieces of artillery. This evouing General Coiicorau advanced 


90 


HISTORY OF THE WAR. 


[Feb., 1863. 


against them, and, after a cannonading of two and a half hours, drove 
them from their position. He advanced again with fixed bayonets, and 
drove them three and a half miles, they leaving theii dead an<l wounded. 
Union loss, 2'1 milled and 80 wounded. The British steamer Princess 
Royal captured oil' Charleston while running the blockade. She had on 
board eight Wliitworth gun.s, four steam-engines, rifies, powder, etc. 
Colonel Connor, in Wa.shington Territory, after a forced march of 170 
miles through snow, in which 70 men were disal)led by froxen feet, his 

g dlant band of 200 attacked 800 Indians, strongly intrenciied on Be.ar 
iver, in that Territory. The fight lasted four hours, in which 224 Indians 
were killed and many more were drowned. Colonel Connor lost 14 killed 
and 40 wounded. 

80th.—The Federal gun-boat Isaac P. Smith, with 11 guns and 180 men, 
surrendered to the rebels, after a smart engagement, in Stono River; 
the Smith had S killed and 15 wounded. 

.81st.—Franklin, Tenn., occu])ied by Union troops. The rebel gun¬ 
boats Palmetto State and Chicora, with three smaller vessels, attacked 
the blockading fleet off Charleston. The Mercedita and Keystone State 
were disabledi; 27 men were killed. The inner line of blockaders were 
dispersed for a time, but soon returned. General Beauregard and Com¬ 
modore Ingraham isst'cd a proclamation that the blockade was legally 
raised. It was supposed the Bi itish steamer Hero, with 2,200 bales of 
cotton, e.sea})ed in the fight. The. rebels attempted to take the John 
Adams, lying in St. Mary’s River, Fla., but were beaten off by the negro 
soldiers. Nine rebels were captured ; two Unionists were killed and six 
wounde<l. 

Ff.cru.vry 1 , 1803.—Second attack on Fort McAllister, but was unsuc¬ 
cessful ; the Montauk was struck 48 times, but sustained no damage. 

2d.—General Sloan, commanding Central Uistrict of Missouri, issued 
an order for the prompt execution of all guerrillas, bushwhackers. Con¬ 
federate recruiting officers, and other emissaries caught in his district, 
and their property to be seized and applied to the indemnification of 
Union citizens. 2,0OU rebels, with three pieces of artillery, attacked the 

f jun-boat New Era, at Island No. lU, last night; the fight lasted till day- 
ight this morning, when the rebels retired. Stokes’ cavalry surprised a 
rebel camp at Micldletowu, 15 miles from Murfreesboro, killing 10 of 
them, and capturing 100 prisoners, with all their camp and equipage. The 
House of Rcjiresentatives passed the bill to enlist negroes in the service 
of the United States. 

3d.—Wheeler, with between 3,000 and 4,000 rebels, attacked Fort Don- 
el son ; but, after a severe fight, lasting till night, they were repulsed, 
with a loss of 200 killed, 500 wounded, and 50 prisoners. The Unionists 
lost 12 killed and 14 wounded and missing. The garrison had fired their 
last shot as the gun-boats arrived and dispersed the rebels. The British 
bark Springbok captured otf the Bahamas by the gun-boat Sonora. 
She had a false manifest. A fishing-smack captured on Lake Pontchar- 
train ^vith a load of medicines and a rebel mail. 

4th.—A party of Union cavalry dashed into Batesville, Ark., driving 
Marmaduke’s forces out of the place, killing, wounding, and capturing 
a great many. 

5th.—General Reynolds defeated Morgan at Alexandria, Tenn., and 
occupied the town. * Skirmish at I) 5 'er 8 burg, Tenn., with Dawson’s guer¬ 
rillas ; seven killed and the balance captured, except Dawson, whc 
escaped. 

fith.—35 rebels attacked a picket of IG Federals, near Stafford Court 
house, killed two of them, an<l captured 9, with 15 horses; Lieutenant 
English and four men escaj-ied. The rebel Colonel Cushman arrester 
near Ripley, Tenn. It was supposed he had burned more cotton thac 
any other man in the Confederacy. 


Fob., 


niSTOUY OF TIIK WAR. 


91 


7th.—(Joncral RejTiolds’expe<tition returned to Murfreesboro, hnving 
been ubsoui tliroe d:iy:j; it liron><ht in Ta) [)risoiier.<, inoliKiiiig (jenenu 
Anderson and Colonel Martin, of the 'IVunessee rebel Legislature. 

^tb.—(lolonel Cari'oll and .Major Heinbran<lt, of (ienoral Forrest’s .stafF, 
ami ii8 others, were captured neai' (;i\ailotte, 'I'e.nn., by an e.xpeditioii 
li'om Nashville. Lebanon, 'I'enn., occupied l»y Union forces ; over wm of 
iMorg;\n’s eomin.and were captured. 

b'th.—188 ca.ses of l)oot.s and shoe.s, destined for the rel)els, .seized at 
Ijcouardstown, iMd. I'ightat Lake Providence; rebels routed. Fed¬ 
eral ram t^ueen of the West, w ith the tender Ife .Soto, ran the batteries 
at Vicksburg. 

llth.—Large numbers of tlie Union men of North Alabama and .Mis- 
.sissippi Joined the Union army, to e.scapc the j'crsecution of the con¬ 
scripting agents of the rebel government and of the State of ]Missi,s.sijii)i, 
who were conscripting all between the ages of 18 and <>0. Over (AiU h.ad 
enlisted in a regiment to l>e com]>osed of men from these seetiotis. 

l-th.—Currency bill passed the Senate by 2;{ to 21. General Grant cut 
the levees on the .Missi.ssippi River at Yazoo Pass and Greenville, Ark. 
Skirmish near Chttrleston, V'a.; rebels defeated. Corresj)ondcnce with 
the P'rench Government, in relation to its mediation in the jiresent 
struggle, submitted to the Senate by the President. Colonel Monroe, 
with 2;iu men of the 12dd Illinois and ‘io of Stokes’ cavalry, routed a body 
of oOn of Morgan’s cavalry, near Cainsville, Tenn.; 2b rebels were killeu, 
besides a large number wounded ; (> }>risoner.s and 60 horses were 
taken, and 800 stand of arms destroyed ; 3 Unionists were wounded. 
The privateer Florida, in long. 0.’i° W., lat. 24® N., captured and burned 
the .Jacob Bell, with a cargo worth SL.aOo.ooo. 

13th.—Skirmish at HolTvar, Tenn.; reliefs defeated, losing 4 killed, a 
numl)er wounded, and o paisoners. The iron-clad Indianola rail the bat¬ 
teries at Vicksburg. 

14th.—The t^iietai of tlie West captured by the rebels at Gordon'.^ 
Landing, on Re<l River, through the treiu-hery of the jiilot, who ran her 
aground under the gun.s of the rebel hatteVies; 20 prisoners and 30 
negroes were taken. Captain Filet and the others e.scaped on the 
UeSoto; they were {lursued by the rebel gun-boat Webb. The De Soto 
was bnnied, and the crew transferred to tiie Fra No. 5, which had been 
captured from the rebels. The Webb cetised the chase on tho appear¬ 
ance of the Indianola. 

16th.—Conscription hill passed the Senate. 

17th.—Messrs. Flanders and Hahn, representatives from the First and 
Second Districts of Louisiana, were admitted to their seats in Congress. 

18th.—Colonel Gilbert dissolve»l the Opposition Convention at Frank¬ 
fort, Ky., alleging that it was a treasonable combination. Tie took a list 
of the delegates. General Beauregard issued a proclamation to the 
people of Charleston and Savannah, stating the apprehensions of an early 
attack, and calling ui>on all alile-hodied men to rally, with anns, pike.s, 
scythes, sp.ades, and shovels, for the defense of their homes and familie.s. 
The Richmond Examiner e.xpressed great indignation at the peace prop¬ 
ositions of the French Minister of Foreign Afliurs, and said the only 
pe.ace commissioner.s they had were Lee, Beauregard, .Johnston, Jjong- 
street, and Jackson. The mortar-boat.s commenced the bombardment 
of Vicksburg, the relrel batteries replying. Hopefield, Ark., destroyed 
by the gun-boats, for harboring guerrillas, who had been firing upon and 
capturing transport vessels. Work on the Lake Providence and Bayou 
Macon Canals progiwsed favorably. 

19th.—A reconnoitering party from Yazoo Pass surprised 200 rebel cav¬ 
alry at Coldvvater, and routed them, killing 6, wounding 3, and cajituring 
15, without lo.ss to the FederuLs. The mortar-boats continued the bomb 
wdment of Vicksburg. 


92 


HISTOKY OF THE WAR. 


[March, 1863. 


20th.—Governor Johnson, of Tennessee, eoiiflsented the rente and 
})rofits of ull real tuid personal o.states belonging to rebels, Ibi’ the benefit 
of the Unite.'l States. 

•21st.—Naval reconuoissance up the Rappahannock ; a few shots ex¬ 
changed witli the rebels and their battery silenced. 

2-2d.—A body of rebel cavalry, 700 .strong, under Chenault, Tucker, and 
Cluke, entered Kicliuiond, Ky., the Federal garri.son falling back to Lex¬ 
ington. The rebeLs left in the direction of the Kentucky River, closely 
jiursued by anotlier Federal force. Considerable excitement was inani- 
fe.sted in Central Kentucky in regard to tlii.s raid of Morgan’s gang. The 
r-ebels attacked at Tu.scundjia, and route<l; 200 prisoners, one piece of 
artillery, a large quantity of aininunition, and a provision train were cap¬ 
tured. 

•23(1.—The anniversary of Washington’.s birthday was celebrated with 
apipropriate ceremonies and great enthusiasm t'hrougliout tlie North. 

A large celebration took jdace Tit Nashville, Tenn. Guerrillas attempted 
to take the Belle IMeraphis, near JMemphis, but were forced to retire, 
l.eroy Cluke, with 7oo men, entered Winchester, Ky., on their raid ; the 
garrison fell back toward Paris. Two miles out of VVincliester the rebels 
attacked a train, and captured 12 or 15 wagons and teams, 30 priisoners, 
the sick, and the camp equipage. 

•2-itli.—The steamer Continental passed through Lake Providence 
Canal. The iron-elad Indianola eapturetl by the rebel gun-boats Webb 
and Gueeii of the West, 35 miles below Vicksburg. The fight lasted an 
hour, wlien the Indianola surrendered in a sinking condition; her olti- 
eers and crew were taken ])nsoners. The steamerJlrooklyu threw a few 
shells into Galveston, Texas, setting the town on fire in several places; 
it WHS, however, quicKly subdued. 

25th.—Conscription bill pa.ssed the House by 115 to 49. Cavalry fight 
near Hartwood Church, near Stafford, Va.; rebels re))ulsed, losing many 
killed and 200 prisoners. Union loss, 40. Fitzhugh Lee ami Stuart’s 
cavalry made a dash at the Union picket lines, at Kelly’s Ford, but were 
repulsed by reinforcements. Several pri.soners were taken. A rebel 
scouting j)arty of 80 men skirmished with the Union pickets on the 
Strasi.Hug Road, near Winchester ; two men were wounded on each side, 
when the rebels i-ctired, capturing a cavalry picket of 12 men; a detach¬ 
ment of cavalry was sent in pursuit, and recaptured, beyond Strashurg, 
the })risoners, and took some others. They pursued the rebels beyond 
Woodstock, when reinforcements to the rebels surprised the Unionists, 
killed and captured ‘200, ami pursued tiiem ‘20 mile.s. 

2Gth.—itnmense Union meeting in Imiianapolis ; 30,000 pre.sent. The 
Clieroke<‘ National Council repealed the ordinance of sece.ssion, forced 
upon them by tlie rebel iirmy, and disqualified from holding office any 
who continued disloyal. 

27th.—Skirmish at Yazoo Pass ; rebels dis])ersed ; 0 killed and 25 cap¬ 
tured. Union loss, G wounded. The rebel steamer Nashville, blockaded 
in the Ogeechee River, Ga., attempted to run out, hut got aground, and 
was fired by shells from the iron-clad Montauk ; the firing lasted Vwo and 
a half hours, when tlie Nashville blew up. 

28th.—Jeff Davis ajiiioiuted March 27 as a day of fasting and prayer. 
General Asboth, commanding the District of Memphis, issued orders 
holding citizens responsible, in their lives and property, for aiding or 
comforting the enemy, or harboring deserters. 

March 1, 18ii3. —\ force of 1,000 cavalry ami 1,000 infantry encountered 
a division of ifforgan’s cavalry at Bradyville, Tenn., and, after a severe 
engagement, drove them from the town, with the loss of 8 killed, 30 
wounded,_ and 9 officers and 80 privates cajiturc-fl ; 3(X) saddles and a col- 
leeiiou of official papers were captured. The- Union loss was about half 
that of tiie rebels. 







Jrju-eh, isa.l 


HISTORY Of THR WAR. 


93 


2<l.—Rxi rehoI cftvnli-y attacked a forngo train near Kaglesvllle, Tenn.; 
after an irregular fight of uiore than an" hour, tliev were driven otf, with 
a los.s of 5 killed, 12 wounded, and 2 prisoners." The foragers had 2 
wounde<l. .A.n e.vjiedition, under Brigadier-deneral Uoss, jiassed into 
the Coldwater by way of .Moon l.ake an<l Yazoo Pass. Colonel Runkle's 
Ijnion foree.s skiruu.shed with tduke’.s guerrillas near Mount .Sterlino', 
Ky., killing 2 rnen and 4 horses, and taking aO jiri.soners. ^ 

dd.—The hill to inrieinnify tlie Pre.sirlent and t'abinet against the con¬ 
sequences of illegal arrests, j^assed the Senate at aVo o’clock this niorn- 
ing. The rebels liestroyed the Iiii.lianola, being frightened into the act 
liy the appearance of wliat they supjiosed was a monster gun-boat, but 
w hich was the “ dummy'’ sent down the river by Admiral Porter. Presi¬ 
dent Lincoln ajqiroved the Conscription .■Vet. Fourth attack on Fort 
Mc.Allister 1^ the monitors Patap.sco, Nahant, Pa.ssai<-, and Montauk ; 
tile firin.^ was kejit up briskly all lia}', and was jirineipally interesting a.s 
testing the mialities of the imn-clads. 

dth.—Van l)orn advanced toward Franklin. The Ijnion army advanced 
si.x miles and drove him back; 13 rebels killed ; 2 Unionists w'ounded. 
Skirmish near Nolinsville, Tenn., between 2'’. Ea.st Tenni'sseeans and 5U 
Confederate cavalry; after twenty minutes’ fight the Confederates sur¬ 
rendered their whole force. The firing at Fort AIc.VIlister was kept up 
at intervals all night; this morning it was discovered that the fort had 
been repaired, and was in as good condition a.s before the attack, and tlie 
fleet withilnwv from the contest. 

otb.—Van Dorn, with 18, (KM.) rebels, att.acked Colonel Coburn’.s force, 
consisting of three regiments of infantry, oUO cavalry, and one battery, 
at 'I’homiison’.s .Station, Tenn. 'I’he fight la.sted all day, when the 
infantry were either killed or enjitured, their ammunition being e.x- 
hausted. The Federal lo.ss was killed. 2.')0 woumled, and over l,()iM) 
ju’isoner.s. The rebels had 18 killed and 4oo wounded. The cavalry and 
artillery escaped. The Eijxul liighfs Expositor, a secession jiaper of 'J'ul- 
arie County, Cal., destroyed by a mob. The Columbus (Ohio) Crisis 
destroyed by a mob. 

(ith.—Gobi in New York fell from 172 to 145. 

7ih.—Fight at Unionville, Tenn., between General Minty’s Union force 
and Ifussell’s rebel cavalry, which resulted in the defeat of the rGl>ela, 
who lost .50 killed, 180 wounded, .58 prisoners, and a lot of horses, mules, 
and wagons. Negro riot in Detroit; military called out. 

8th.—General Hiirlbut, .at Memphis, orilhred all resigned ofticers to 
leave the department, under pain of arrest. Siege of Fort IMc.Allister 
entirely abandoned. The U. .S. .sloop-of-war .Sagamore captured, otf 
}fillsl)oro. Flu., the sloop Enterprise, loaded with cotton, having run the 
blockade. 

oth.—Colonel Wilder’s expedition returned to ^Murfreesboro. At Wood¬ 
bury they disperseil a body of rebels, killing and woun.Iing a number, 
ami capturing 17 ; at .Auburn, a detachment fought the rebels, killing 3 
and wounding 8. The expedition had one wounded and one captured, 
lilosby's gang surprised and captured, at Fairfa.x Court-house, Va., fJen- 
eral istoughton, the provost-marshal, patrol.s, and all the men, with 110 
horses. The U. S. steamer Quaker City captured, oIf Cape Fear, after 
a chase of six hours, the British steamer Drum, with a cargo of bales 
of cotton. .She had run the blockade at Wilmington, N. C. The rebels, 
by' cutting tlie levees at Lake Providence and elsewhere, have flooded 
over 100 miles of Loui.siana. 18 of Bol Street’s guerrillas captured near 
Bolivar, and the rest of the gang killed, wounued, or dismu'sed. Gen¬ 
eral Bank.s’ expedition, 18,000 strong, left New Urleans for Poi t llud.son. 

10th.—Pre.sident Lincoln warned all deserters to return to their re- 
Ki)>ective commands before April 1 ; and called iijion all patriotic citi- 
lens to aid in rctui niiig theseue.sorters, and in enforcing (ho (.‘onscriptiou 




HISTOUV or THU WAR. 


[March, l»<« 


iH 

Act. Colonel Grierson, with the 6th and 7th Illinois Cavalry, surrounded 
Kii-hardsoa's guenillas, near Covington, Tenn., and (;ai>lured them; '■15 
were killed. At the same time Coionel Lee eaptureil General Looney 
and lii.s guerrillas at Wytlte Goiiot, near Germantown,'I’enn. .Jackson¬ 
ville, Fla., ca})tnred and'oceupied by a brigade ot negro troops. 

lull.—'i’he first .seizure in Cincinnati, ol’jirojierty belonging to rebels, 
was made to-day of property belonging to three Me's.srs. Jenkins, otlicers 
in the rebel army. Governor Cannon, of Delaware, issued a )>roclama- 
tion to the citizens of that State, enjoining them to hold their allegianco 
to the general government jiaramount to that to the State ; and promis¬ 
ing protection to all who should aid, by act or information, the National 
Magistracy in suppres.sing the rebellion, against the operations of the 
‘‘act to {irevent illegal arrests,” passed by the Legislature of Delaware. 
The gun-boat Chillicothe made a reconnoissance down the Yazoo River 
to Greenwood, and exchanged a few shots with a laUtery of live gun.s 
posted there. A land exjieiiition went down at the same time. A jiarty 
of rebels attempted to cut the levee opposite Vicksburg, but were all 
captured. 

rjth.—General Granger’s forces returned to Franklin, Term., having 
driven Van Dorn .and Ins rebels across Duck River. 

l;'>th.—The rebels repulsed in an attack on Newbern, N. C. The gun¬ 
boats Chillicothe and De Kalb renewed the attack on Fort Pemberton, at 
Greenwood, Miss.; the bombardment lasted all day. General Banks’ 
expedition left Baton Rouge. 

14th.—Immense Union meeting at the Academy of Mu.sic, New Y'ork. 
Port Hudson bombarded. Admir.al Farragut succeeded in pas.sing the 
batteries at Port Hudson with a jiortion of his fleet. The sloop-of-war 
Mississipjii got aground, and wa.s luirned by the rebel batteries, and 
of lier crew were Killed and 42 taken prisoners. Si.x were killed and four 
wounded on the fleet in passing the batteries. Admiral Porter, with the 
gun-boats Carondelet, Cincinnati, Mound City, Pittsburg, and Louisville, 
loft the mouth of the Yazoo River for the Upper Yazoo, by w.ay of Black 
Bayou .and Rolling Fork. 

Ihth.—The schooner Chapman seized by the U. S. officials at San Fran¬ 
cisco, as being a privateer. She was armed with .six Dahlgren guns with 
carriages, and was just leaving with a party of secessionists on board, 
who intendeil to capture the mail-steamer Oregon. 800 paroled prison¬ 
ers, en route to Chicago, destroyed the Richmond (Indian.a) Jejfersonian, 
an anti-war sheet. The gun-boat Chillicothe bombarded Fort Pember¬ 
ton again to-day ; a force landed and erected a battery, 300 yards in rear 
of the rebel fort, and mounted the guns from the De Kalb. 

17th.—Colonel James B. Fryaj>pomted Provost-Marshal-General under 
the Con.scription Act. Cavalry fight at Kelly’s Ford. .About 200 of Gen¬ 
eral A verill's cavalry, on a reconnoissance, crossed the Rappahannock 
at Kelly’s Ford, where the ford svas so narrow that they were compelled 
to cross singly, and, in the face of a galling fire, charged the rebel rifle- 
pits and intrenchments, capturing nearly the whole force; they then 
encountered and whipped Fitzhugh Lee’s c.avalry (who were hastening 
to reinforce the rifle-pits) in several hand-to-hand fights, and drove them 
four miles; General Averill then withdrew, bringing in 80 prisoners. 
Fight on the Blackwater, near Franklin, lasting an hour, and resulting 
in the repulse of the rebels. 

18th.—Immense Union meeting in Louisville, Ky. 40 prisoners and a 
large amount of provisions and other stores captured on the Kt. Francis 
River, without tlie loss of a man. The British steamer Georgians, in¬ 
tended for the rebel navy, while attempting to run into Charleston, wa.s 
run ashore, and was burned by the fleet. 

10th. Morgan’s guerrillascaj)turetl a train on the Louisville and Nash¬ 
ville Railroad, near Richland ytution, and were robbing it when they were 





March, 1863.] 


HISTORY OF THE WAR. 


95 


dispersed by a detachment of soldiers. Sevenil rebels were killed and 
wounded, an<i four taken jn-isoners. Admiral Farragut passed Grand 
Gull, under lire of 150 lield-pieces. He had three killed and eight 
wounded. 

‘20th.— Battle of Milton, Tenn. —The Union forces, 1,323 strong, with two 
pieces of artillery, under Colonel Hall, were attacked l)y .3,800 rebels, 
under John Morgan. Hall fell back to a commanding position on 
Vaught’s Hill. After a furious fight of four hours the relxds retreated 
in confusion, leaving their dead and w ounded. Rebel lo.ss, .50 killed, 150 
wounded, and 1<K> pri.soners. Colonel Hall lo.st 7 killed and 31 wounded. 
The rebel Colonel Cluke, with 800 men, .surrounded Mount Sterling, 
Ky.; the garrison threw themselves into the houses and fought for four 
hours, but were finally compelled to surrender. Kclx^l loss, 2‘2 killed 
and w'onnded ; Union loss, 3 killed and wounded. Admiral Porter, find¬ 
ing the route through Black Bayou imjiracdieable, and fearing his return 
might be bloc^kaded, commenced his retreat. A great amount of prop¬ 
erty was de.«troyed by tlie e.xpedition, and its presence caused the 
de.struction of 20',(XM) bales of cotton by the rebels them.selves. 

‘21st.—l\Iajor-(Tcneral riumner died a't Saratoga, N. Y., at 1% A. M. 

•22d.—Skirmish at Bhte Springs, Kan., betw'een ‘2(X) of (^uantrell's band 
and 40 scouts; the .scouts retreated, w'ith a loss of 9 killed, several 
wounded, and 5 missing. General Grover returned to Baton Rouge with 
3.'>0 bales of cotton, 1,.5(hi hogsheads of sugar, 3,(XJ0 barrels of moia.sses, 
and 50 prisoners. Skirmi.sh at Bra.shear City, La.; the rebels were 
chased ei"ht miles; 10 killed, 20 wounded, and 14 horses captured. 
Galveston Blockaded. 

23(1.—The returns to the War Department showed that, at this date, 
the de.serters from the Union artny numbered 1‘25,0(X). 

24th.—.3,000 rebels occupied Danville, Ky. Colonel Wolford skirm¬ 
ished with them all day in their advance on the place, but gradually fell 
back in the direction of Lexington. He lost 27 killed and wounded ; the 
rei>el loss w’as about the same, together with 30 pri.soners. 

25th.—A large body of Wheeler’s cavalry ma(Je a dash into Brentwood 
Station, between Franklin and Na.shville, and captured ‘2tw infantry and 
their stores. They were afterward retaken by reinforcements." The 
rebels lost 10 killed and wounded and 60 jn-isoners ; Union lo.^^s, 1 officei’, 
and 15 men killed, w-ounded, and missing. The rebel army left the banks 
of the liappahannock. Skirmish at Chantilly ; 4 Unionists killed and 39 
taken prisoners. Skirmish at Rice’s Mills,'on the Hatchie ; no Union 
loss. The Federal rams Lancaster and Switzerland attempted to run the 
Vicksburg batteries ; a shot exploded the boiler of the Switzerland, and 
she drifted down; the Lancaster w’as cut almost in two, w hen she was .set 
on fire, and sunk, a burning wreck; one man was drowned and tw'o 
wounded. Several ve.ssels, loaded with cotton, have escaped the block¬ 
ading fleet within a few days. 

2Gth.—Gold in New York 140. The garrison at Pensacola, supposing 
the place was to be evacuated to the rebels, commenced burning the 
town. 

27th.—Major-General Burnside assumed command of the Department 
of the Ohio. Pegram retreated from Stamford, Ky., pursuecl by Wol¬ 
ford. He had taken over l,(Ki0 head of cattle, but was so elo.^^ely pressed 
by Wolford that the cattle and 1‘25 men were taken from him. Admiral 
Porter’s fleet, from the Black Bayou, reached the mouth of the Yazoo, on 
their return. Colonel Montgomery’s African Brigade took pos.se.ssion of 
Pilatka, Fla., destroyed it, and left with 10 prisoners. 

28th.—Guerrill;v.s captured the Sam Gatv, in the Missouri River, near 
Kan.sas City. 48 wagon-beds and 300 sacks of flour were thrown over¬ 
board, and ^2,200 taken from the boat; she was then relea.sed. The 
Hartford and Albatross passed Warrenton. A deUchment of Jenkms’ 


96 


HISTORY OF TBK WAR. 


lApril, 1805 I 

cavalry made a raid into the Kanawha Valley. Two steamers ran the I 
gauntlet of their fire for two miles ; one man was killed and one mor- 1 
tally wounded on the boats. j 

2‘jth.—The rebels attacke<l Williamsburg, Va., but were driven off, and, 
at noon, had retreated, and the Union picket-lines were re-e.stj»blished. I 
21 of Sol Street’s guerrillas oaikured, and himself wounded, at a skirmish | 
near Bolivar, Tehn. Fire at Pensacola still continued ; the town nearly t 
destroyed; the soldier.s finally were confined in the navy-yard. 

30th.—100 rebels ca])tured Point Pleasant, Va.; they were snb.sequently i 

driven out, with a loss of 10 killed and 15 prisoners. The Federals lost [ 

2 killed and 3 wounded. The rebel forces under Pegram, Marshall, ( 

Cluke, and Chenault, retreated from Kentucky, closely pursued by Union i 

trooi)S. Wolford overhauled them at Hall’s Gap, and captured 200 i 

cattle and 150 })risoners. Colonel Walker's 10th Kentucky Cavalry i 

attacked Cluke at Mount Sterling, and drove him in confusion across the I 

Licking River. The rebels fortiiying Chattanooga. The rebel gun-boat r 

Vicksburg broke from her mooriitgs, and floated down into FaiTagut’s • 

hands. President Lincoln, agreeably to a resolution of the Senate, , 

appointed A])ril 30 as a day of fasting and prayer. 

31st.—General Gilt more whi])ped the rebels under Pegram, at Somer- * 
set, Ky., and drove them into the Cumberland. Our loss was 10 killed ^ 
and 2.5* wounded ; rebel loss, 50 killed and wounded, and 400 prisoners, 
including 20 comtnissifaied olh(',ers. General Hurlbut, at Memplii.s, .sent 
ten rebel families beyond the lines, in retaliation for the firing u])on pas¬ 
senger trains by guerrillas, near JIoscow, Tenn. Jacksonville, Fla., 
destroyed and evacuated. 

Ai’hii. 1 , 18153.—The Charleston expedition left Port Royal. The rebels 
captured the gun-boat Diana, of five guns, at Petersonville, La.; 99 men 
were paroled by them. A number of otticer.s and men were killed and 
wounded. 

2d.—Fight at Woodbury, Tenn. The Union forces, under General 
Hazen, marched to attack the rebels, 1,200 strong, under Smith, but, 
being apjwised of the movement to capture them, they fled. The cav¬ 
alry had a running fight for three miles. 16 rebels were killed and 
wounded and 30 captured ; 50 horses and a quantity of ammunition were , 
4ilso taken. Union loss, one woumled. Skirmish al Drainesville; Union¬ 
ists di.scomfited, losing 50 killed, wounded, and missing. General Stan¬ 
ley, with 2,000 cavalry and Colonel Matthews’ infantry brigade, attacked 
Morgan and Wheelei\with eight regiments, at Snow Hill, near Auburn, 
Tenn., and routed them, the rebels fleeing in confusion; they lost 15 or 
20 killed ; tiO prisoners and 300 horses were taken. .| 

3d.—General McClellan’s report of his Peninsular campaign, though 
dated July 15,18(52, just published. Governor Tod, of Ohio, arre.sted for 
kidnapping, at the suit of Edson B. Olds. 

4th.—Skirmish at Nonconah, Tenn. ; rebels defeated. The iron-clads 
arrived otf Charleston. General Foster, with a brigade, and a regiment of 
North Carolina troops, surrounded at Little Washington, N. C., by 10,000 
rebels, under Hill and Pettigrew. Richardson’s guerrillas defeated near 
Moscow, Tenn.; 40 killed and many wounded ; Union loss, 12 killed and 
28 wounded. Fight at Williamsburg, Va.; nothing decisive. 

5th.—The gun-boat St, Clair and the transports in company were fired 
U})on by Van Dorn’s rebels, at Palmyra, Tenn.; two or 'three were 
w'ounded, and the boat disabled, and was towed to Cairo. The town was 
burned. Bread riots in Richmond, Va. The British customs author- || 
ities seized the steamer Alexandra at Liverpool, on suspicion that she 
was intended for the rebels. 

tith.—General Mitchell, with 350 cavalry, dispersed a rebel camp at 
Green Hill, near Nashville, killing 6, and capturing 15 men and all tiieir 
equipage. The monitors crossed the bar at Charleston. ) 


April, 18G3.] 


OISTORY OF THE WAR. 


97 


7th.— Attach on CharleHon. —The p;un-bof\t fleet, nnder .Admiral Du« 
pout, made an attack on Fort tinmter; but, after an action of 3U minutes, 
ui v\ Inch Several of the fleet were di.saliletl, they were (roiupelled to with¬ 
draw. In tlii.'^ action the rebels had 30U guns, while the fleet had but 34. 
The Nahaut penetrated to wit bin 2uu yards of the fort. The Keokuk was so 
badly injured tliat she sunk soon afterward, and fell a prey to the rebels. 
She had reached within 5tx) yards of'the fort. The rebel los.s in the action 
was (5 vvoum led ; the fleet lost 2 or 3 killed and 10 wouruletl. President 
Jjincolu revoked the exce|>tions in his proclamation of August 10, 1801, 
except New’ Orleans, Key West, Port Koyal, Peaid'ort, and West Virginia. 
Major Ihmsom, of the 0th Kansa.s, returned to Kan.sas City from an 
ex}fedition among the guerrillas ; he had killed 34, broken uj) 15 camps, 
capturing nearl}^ every thing, burned 27 houses which harbored guer- 
rilas, and destroyeil a large amount of rebel munitions of WiU’; he had 
one man slightly wounded. 

8th.—Woodward, with 1,200 men and two pieces of artillery, captured 
the transports Lovell and .‘r^a.xonia, lo miles below Clarksville, and burned 
them. Colonel Pruce, from Clarksville, overtook Woodward, and recap¬ 
tured all the. stores and took several prisoners. The Yazoo Pass e.xpe- 
dition, under Generals Ross and Quimby, reached Helena, having left 
Fort I'emberton on the 5th. The British steamer iMargaret and Je.sse ran 
the hlockaile otf Charleston. 7,000 troops attempted to reinforce General 
Fo.ster at Little Washington, N. C., but were driven back, with the loss 
of 50 men. 

0th.—Colonel Daniels, with 900 colored troops, captured Pascagoula, 
Jliss.; they afterward drove otf a large force of rebels, killing 20 and 
; wounding a large number. The rebels, being strongly rcinlbroe<l. Colonel 
i>aniels returned with his force to Ship Island. A treasonable conspira«.’y 
di.scovered in Reading, Penn.; several of the leaders arrested. The 
steamer Wa.shington, on tiie way to reinforce Genend Foster, grounded 
I in Coo.sa River, and was disabled by the Confederate batteries; 3 were 
I killed and 7 wounded. The CommoUore Barney silenced the batteries, 

I and the fleet withdrew. 

1 Loth.—Near .Antioch, Tenn., 300 rebels captured a railway train, and 

; burned it, including the mail ; 100 passengers, 15 or 20 officers, and about 

j SO .sutlers were captured and haken to Lebanon. Van Dorn’s whole force 

I attacked General Granger, at P'ranklin, Tenn.; after severe fighting for 
i two hours, the rebels retreated, leaving their dead on the field. Union 
loss, hlO killed, wounded, and missing; rebel loss estimated at 300. 

, Skinni.sh near Fort Donelson ; rebels whiiiped ; 21 captured. 

llth.—Skirmish at William.sburg, Va.; Union loss, 1 wounded and 5 
prisoners. The rebel steamer Stonewall .Jackson burned at Charleston 
liy her crew, to ]n'event her falling into the hands of the blockaders; sho 
' ha<l a heavy cargo of quarter-master’s stores. Colonel Streight’s com¬ 
mand left Nashville, Tenn., for a rai<l into Georgia. The Navy Depart¬ 
ment received infoj’mation of the capture of several blockade-runners, 
loaded principally with cotton. 

l.ith.—Lieutenant-Colonel Kimball, of Haw'kins’ Zouaves, shot and in¬ 
stantly killed bv HHgadier-General Corcoran, near Suffolk, Va. 

13th.—General Mibdiell.at Nashville, arrested :!50 citizens of (hat place, 
and lodged them in the penitentiary. The rebel General Wheeler cap¬ 
tured two trains on the Nashville and Chattanooga Railroad ; :g 30 ,() 0 (), and 
a number of Federal officers were taken. The rebels evacuated Center¬ 
ville, La. Fight at Franklin, La.; I’ebels defeate<l ami forced to retreat. 
General Burnside issued his Order No. 38, declaring the punishment of 
death against all ))ersons convicted of aiding or harboring the enemy. 

14th.-^Skirmish at Kelly’.s Ford, on the Rappahannock. General 
Baidv.s occupied New Iberia, La., after two days’ fighting; the relx'ls had 
destroyed tea steamboats and two largo gun-boat.s, and largo quantities 



98 


HISTORV OF THE WAR. 


[April, 1863, 


of provisions both here and at Franklin. The ram Queen of tlie West 
was blown up by a sliell from the Federal gun-boat Calhoun; 30 men 
were killeil and* 108 taken prisoners; large numbers of horses, mules, 
and bsef cattle were seized. Siiftblk invested by 35,000 men and 80 pieces 
of artillery. Ceneral Foster reinforced by a regiment, and supplied with 
provisions and ammunition. 

loth.—General Stoneman’s expedition occupied Gordonsville. Jeff 
Davis issued an addi'ess to the people of the youthern Confederacy, call¬ 
ing on them to devote their agricultural labor to the production of food. 
He told them, that, to op})ose an invading force of 1,300,000, they had 
only the unconquerable valor of a peo}>le determined to be free ; that the 
enemy had been battled in their attempts on Vicksburg, Port Hudson, 
and el.sewhere; and that, in a few weeks, the tailing of the waters and 
the heats of summer will complete their discomfiture; and closes by an 
appeal to that patriotism which they have exhibited since the beginning 
of the war. General Foster reached Newbern, having run the blockade 
of the river on the steamer Escort; the pilot was killed and several 
wmunded. General Keyes notified General Wise, who held Williams¬ 
burg with 3,000 men, that the citizens must leave, as he intended to 
shell the town. The rebels abandoned the siege of Washington, N. C., 
having secured large quantities of forage, which, it seems, was their 
object. 

loth.—Seven gun-boats and three transports, of Admiral Porter’s fleet, 
ran the batteries at Vicksburg. One transport was burned, one man was 
killed on the Benton, and two or three were wounded. Skirmish at Suf¬ 
folk. Admiral Porter destroyed, at Bayou Sara, 1,000 sacks of corn and 
beef, and proceeded to Port Hudson. The British steamer Gertrude, 
with a large cargo of gunpowder and military stores, captured by the 
gun-boat Vanderbilt, while attempting to run into Charleston. 

17th.—Colonel Dills, with 200 men of the 39th Kentucky, attacked Col¬ 
onel P’reneh’s force of rebels at Pikeville, Ky., and, after a fight of an 
hour, captured 13 otticers, 60 privates, 30 horses, and a lot of stores. Col¬ 
onel French escaped. The Federal biatteries opposite Vhcksburg opened 
fire on the town. General Banks occupied Vermillionville, La. Colonel 
Grierson, with his command of cavalry, left La Grange, Tenn., for a raid 
through Mississippi. 5,0O0 rebels attacked the left of the Federal lines 
at Sutlblk, but were repulsed by the fire from Fort Dix, and were driven 
five miles. 

18th.—Six guns and 200 prisoners captured on the west bank of the 
Nansemond, \ka. Fayetteville, Ark., attacked by 3,000 rebels. The gar¬ 
rison numbered about 2,000, many unarmed. The rebels were repulsed 
with considerable loss; Uirion loss, 5 killed and 17 wounded. Colone. 
Graham broke uj) a rebel camp at Celina, Tenn., killing 7 rebels. Cap¬ 
tain McDermott, of the gun-boat Cayuga, was killed, and 5 men were 
captured, during a reconnoissance of Sabine Pass, Texas. Colonel 
Grierson at Ripley, Miss. Immense Union meeting at Hamilton, Butler 
County, Ohio. 

19th.—Colonel Graham crossed the Cumberland, after the battle of 
Celina, and routed the rebels, killing 30 and losing ctne killed. Colonei 
Riley routed the rebels at Creelsboro, killing one and ca})turing seven. 
Colonel Grierson, at Pontotoc, Miss., dispersed a small rebel force, and 
captured their camp. 

20th.—Marmaduke, with 2,000 rebels and 0 pieces of artillery, attacked 
400 of the loth Missouri Militia Cavalry, under Colonel Smart, at Pater¬ 
son, 25 miles from Pilot Knob, Mo. Colonel Smart fell back eight miles, 
having destroyed what stores he couhl not remove. He lost 11 killed 
and 20 wounded ; rebel loss, 40. Immense Union meeting in Baltimore, 
this being the second anniversary of the uprising in the North and the 
massacre of tlie Union soldiers lu'thai city. Fighting on the Coldwuter, 










April, 18G3.] 


HISTORY OF THE WAR. 


99 


Miss. More of Porter's fleet ran the Vicksburg batteries and joined those 
below. Fedenil cavali^' entered Senatobia, Mis.s. 

•21st.—Skirmish at Kelly's P'ord ; 30 rebel.s taken. General Reynolds 
surprised the rebels at McMinnville, Tenn., who fled on his approach; 
130 prisoner.^ taken. The depot buiMing.s and large quantities of stores 
were de.stroyed. General Bank.s occupied Opelousas, La. Colonel Grier¬ 
son destroyed a large tannery and a large (juantity of leather, harness, 
etc*., intended for the rebels. The Union oiti/<ens (Tt' Louisiana petitioned 
Congiess to be allowed to form a ritato government. 

23d.—'fhe e.xpedition to Celina, Tenn., returned tii IMunfordsville, hav- 
ing destroyed tlie town of Celina, lU0,o(xi ]»ounds of bacon, ‘20,000 bushels 
of wheat and coni, large (luantities of other stores, and 4o boats, used by 
the rebels in transporting supplies. The Union loss wais one killed and 
one missing. Ofhce of the Sacramento (Cal.) Republican destroyed l')y a 
mob for disloyal sentiments. The rebels entereii Tomjikinsville, Ky., 
destroyed the court-house and several other buildings, killed 5 or 0 Union 
men, and then decamjied. A detachment of Colonel Grierson's cavalry 
captured lilayhew, 12 miles from Columbus, Miss., and tore up 2u miles 
of the Central Dlississipjii Railroad. The ship Kloyd cajitured while run¬ 
ning into Dlobile. Several blockade-runners have been captured by the 
various squadrons during the past week. 

2'jd.—Fight at Rockhold, Ky., with considerable loss to the rebel side. 
The Union forces, under Colonel Morrill, cajitured the town of Port 
Royal, Va., dispersing a body of 2(X) cavalry. They returned, however, 
heavily reinforced, and the Federals retreated to their camp. Tuscum- 
bia, Ala., occupied 'oy Federal troops, the rebels l>eing driven out. Fed¬ 
eral Iqs.s, 100; rebel loss not known. Colonel Grierson reached Phila-. 
delphia. Miss., after a perilous march through swamps and rivers from* 
Starkville. « 

24th.—General McNeil reinforced Cape Ginardeau against Marmaduke, 
who was advancing. The rebels occupied Fredericktown. Colonel Hep¬ 
burn, Inspector ot Cavalry, in obedience to onlers from General Rose- 
crans, seized all the horses of citizens in Nashville, tho.se of W. B. Lewis 
and Mrs. Polk alone excepted. The rebels attempted to burn the bridges 
on the Iron Mountain Railroad, but were repulsed, with a loss of 5 killed 
and 20 wounded. General Corcoran, with a force of Unionists, had a fight 
with the rebels on the Edenton road, near Suffolk ; the reljels were dis¬ 
lodged from their rifle-pits and driven back several miles. Skirmish at 
Okalona, Mi.ss. Colonel Grierson’s cavalry raid created great excitement 
in Central Dli.ssissippi. He reached Newton Mills to-day; at this place 
he de.stroyed 38 car-loads of quarter-master and commissary stores. 
The rebels dispersed and their equipage captured at Weber's Falls, in 
the Indian Territory. 

2")th.—Colonel Grierson reached to-day a point seven miles we.st of 
Montro.se, burning and destro 3 ’ing the bridges and trestle-work of the 
railroads on his route. 

2i!th.—The rebel.s, 8,000 strong, under Marmaduke, attacked Cape 
Girardeau, Mo., at 11:20 this morning ; after two hours fighting they were 
repulsed, and retreated toward Bloomfield. Their loss was about 60 
killed, 200 wounded, and a large number prisoners ; the Union lo.ss was 
20 killed and wounded. On their retreat, their advance, under Colonel 
New'ton, was surpri.sed by the Union forces, under General Vandever, 
pnd routed, the whole command being either killed or taken prisoners. 
At Hazelhurst, Jli.ss., Colonel Grierson’s adv.ance, under Colonel Prince, 
captured and de.stroyed a train of 40 cars, loaded with all kinds of mili- 
ttirv stores. 

27th.—The rebels attacked the Louisville and Nashville train, near 
Gallatin, Tenn., but were driven off' with heavy loss. Colonel Walker, 
with a force of Union cavalry, surj)rised a rebel camp on Carter's Creek 




100 


HISTORY OP THE WAR. 


[May, 18G3 


pike, near Franklin, Tenn., and routed them, killing 2 and wounding 10, 
jiud captured las men, 150 horses, and 100 mules. The Unionists suf¬ 
fered no loss. Colonel Grierson reached Hazelhurst, ISIiss., 40 miles 
south of .Jackson. The rebel Colonel Woodward attacked four gun-boata 
sin'l three transports on the Tennessee River ; the transports were sunk. 
Jenkins’ rebel guerrillas occujjied Morgantown, Rowlesburg, and Moore- 
field, Va. At Bahala, Miss., a large portion of the N. 0., J. and G. N. 
Railroad was destroyed, together with a great amount of other property, 
inflicting great damage on the rebels. Colonel Streight’s brigade lelt 
Tuseumbia. 

‘Z8th.—Great excitement in Wheeling, West Virginia, in anticipation of 
an attack on that city by the rebels. Several bridges on the Baltimore 
and Ohio Railroad, between Cumberland and Grafton, destroj'ed by the 
I'ebels. Skirmish near IMill Springs, Ky. The rebel General Forre.st and 
Colonel Roddy attacked General JDodge at Tuseumbia, Ala., but, after a 
fight of several hours, the rebels retreated to Courtlaud. Colonel Grier¬ 
son entered Brookhaven, Miss., cajitured and paroled 200 prisoners, and 
de.stroyed a large camp of instruction, with its equipage. 

20th.—The .4rrny of the Potomac commenced crossuig the Rappahan¬ 
nock; the. rebel pickets were surprised, and too prisoners captured. 20 
men were wounded in the melee. The left wing, .35,000 strong, crossed 
four miles below Fredericksburg, engaged the rebels twelve hours, and 
di'ove them out oftheir ride-pits and adi.''rnnceofeight miles. The Marine 
Brigade was tired upon by Major White’s Texas Rangers, on the Tennes¬ 
see ; the gun-boats returned the fire, landed a force, and dispersed them ; 
eight rebels were killed and several wounded, including Major White, 
jnortally. The privateer Floiida captured and burned the ship Oneida, 
of New York, loaded with a cargo worth 5^500,0oo, and the bark Henrietta, 
of Baltimore. The Florida ami Alabama have destroyed, besides these, 
within a few days, four ships ami three other vessels. 'Grand Gulf bomb¬ 
arded—General Sherman making, at the same time, a feint at Haines’ 
Blulf. 

3uth.—Fight at Fairmount, Va. A heavy force of rebel cavalry, under 
Imboden and .Tones, attacked this place, defended by 350 men, under 
Colonel Mulligan. After figliting nearly all day, the garrison were obliged 
to surrender. The rebels admitted a loss of 100 ; the Union loss was one 
killed and four wounded. The rebels then plundered the place. Gen¬ 
eral Stahl’s reconnoitering jiarty returned to Fairfax Court-house, bring¬ 
ing in 40 prisoners and 100 li'orses. General Meade’s cor]>3 oecnjiied 
Chancellor.sville, four miles south of Fredei’ieksburg. General Sher¬ 
man, with a fleet of gun-boats mid transports, passed lip the Yazoo River, 
and attacked the reliel batteries. General Grant’s army landed at Bruins- 
burg, below Vicksburg. Colonel Grierson’s command moved along the 
railroad to Bogue Ghitto Station, destroying the track, bridges, and cars 
on the route. At Wassita, on tlie Tickfau, tliey had an engagement with 
a regiment of cavalry, wlio wore immediately put to flight, with a consid¬ 
erable loss in killed and wounded. At Edwards’ Defiol they dispersed 
another regiment, and then cut their w'ay through a regiment of infantry 
drawn u}) to chock their advance, and rode off in the direction of Baton 
Rouge. They liad lo.^t one killed and five wounded. Colonel Streight’s 
command had a skirmish with the rebels at Hay’s Gap, Ala., in wliich 
they repulsed the rebels, killing and wounding about 70 of them ; their 
loss was 1 killed and 20 wounded. He captured tlie rebel artillery. At 
3 P. M. they had another fight, wbieli lasted till dark ; two Unionists were 
killed and several wounded. Colonel Streight spiked tlie captured pieces, 
and moved off under cover of the darkness. 

M.\y 1,1863.—General Carter drove the rebels out of Monticello, Kv.. 
losses unknown. Skirmisli at Thompson’s Station, Tenn.; rebels de’ 
feated ; 14 killed, 20 wounded, and 11 captured. No Federals hurt. Geo 



May, 1862.J 


HISTORY OF THE WAR. 


101 


enil Stot>f>mnn, with a large force of cavalry, left F'almonth, and crossed 
the Raj>i(,lan, near Orange Court-house, on a raid to the rear of Lee’s 
ariny, and to cut his coninmnieatious with Richmond. General Syke’a 
division was attacked by the rebels at Chancellorsville this moi’ning, 
when a severe engagement ensiied, which lasted an hour and a half. 

V Hattie of Magnolia.—A portion of General Grant’s army had a fight here 
with a portion of Pemberton’s army, underGeneral Bowen. Tlie rebels 
were driven back, and the Federals occupied Port Gibson. Union loss 
rc|>orted 200 killed and wounded ; 500 rebels captured. Three citizens 
and one soldier dis{)ersed a body of 28 rebel cavalry at Rock Creek, 
Wayne County, Ky., killing five of them, including the captain ; all their 
horses, equipments, and money were captured. Colonel Straight reached 
Blountsville, Alabama; the rebels attacked him here, but they were 
elieckcd. 

2d.—Colonel Grierson’s comm.and arrived at Baton Rouge amid great 
enthusiasm, having traveled over 800 miles in the heart of rebeldom, 
fought and dispersed the rebels wherever they met them, and captured 
1,000 prisoners, 1,2(K) horses, and destroyed over 54,000,000 worth of prop¬ 
erty; 300 contrabands came in with them. Battle of GhanccUorxville .— 
After three days’ skirmishing the battle opened this afternoon. The 
rebels, 40,0<X) strong, under Jackson, attacked Hooker’s right, but were 
only partially successful. The 11th Corps, which received tlie linst shock, 
broke, but remlbreements being promptly supplied, the rebels were 
checked ; they captured, however, 12 pieces of artillery. General Sickles 
penetrated the rebel column, completely cutting it, hut the retreat of the 
lUh Corps compelled his recall. Finding the communications with Gen¬ 
eral Sickles interrupted, General Hooker ordered a night attack, at U 
o'clock. The rebels were driven back, and communications restored. 
General Sickles brought off 400 prisoners. The battle was fiercely fought 
0)1 both sides. Colonel Kilpatrick, with a force of cavalry from General 
Btoneman’s command, occupied Louisa Court-house, and destroyed 10 
^ miles of tlie railroad in the direction of Gordonsville; afterward a party 
went to the James River, and destroyed five locks of the canal. Colonel 
Sfi'ei^ht pas.sed Gadsden, Ga., and crossed the Coosa River; he had a 
fight liere with the rebehs, but repulsed them. He destroyed the Round 
Mountain Iron-works. 

3d.— Bailie of Chancellorsville reopened this morning at 5^ o’clock, and 
raged with terrible slaughter till 11^. The rebels made several ineffect¬ 
ual attempts to break the Union lines. Over 2,000 prisoners were taken. 
General Sedgwick stormed and carried Marye’s Hill and the hights of 
Fredericksburg, and drove the reliels back on to the rear of Lee, and 
bringing the rebel army between Sedgwick and Hooker. Lee afterward 
recovered Chancellorsville, and drove Hooker a mile and a half toward 
United States Ford. “ Stonewall” Jackson was severely wounded in this 
fight. Grand Gulf captured by Admiral Porter and General Grant; .500 
pri.soners and a large quantity of stores were taken. Colonel Streight’s 
wdiole command captured near Rome, Ga., by General Forrest and Col¬ 
onel Roddy; 1,375 men, with all their horses *and equipments, were sur¬ 
rendered. Colonel Streight lost 72 men killed, wounded, and missing in 
iiis whole raid, w hile that of the rebels was between 500 and 600. 

4th.—The rebels retook Fredericksburg to-day, forcing Sedgwick to 
rcti'eat. He recrossed the river and maiched to join Hooker. Part of 
General Stoneman’s force, under Colonel Kilpatrick, penetrated within 
the fortific.ation.s of Richmond. 

5th.—C. L. Vallandigham ari'ested this morning, between 1 and 2 
o’clock, at his residence in Dayton, Ohio, by order ot General Burnside, 
and taken to Cincinnati. Riots occurred in Dayton in consequence; the 
Jowrxrt/ olfice and several other buildings were destroyed, and the author¬ 
ities were eom])elled to call out the military to quell the disturbance. A 


102 


HISTORY OP THE WAR. 


[May, 1863. 


rebel camp at Petty’s Mills, N. C., was surprised, and 14 men, 36 horses, 
and the whole camp captured without loss; two rebels were killed. 
Port De Riissy, eight miles from the mouth of the Red River, ca])tured 
by Admiral. Porter. General Lee, bein" heavily reinforced, attacked 
Hooker, and a tierce battle ensued. Hooker was driven back, and forced 
to recross the Rappaliannock. Tiie Union loss in these battles were 1,.^)12 
killed, 9,518 wounded, and about 2,500 missing. The rebel loss unknown, 
but supposed to be 15,000 men. 

Gih.—General Stoneman’s cavalry, in three columns, made a partially 
successful raid toward Richmond, inflicting considerable damage to the 
railroads and property along their route. The Virginja Centi-al and the 
Richmond and Fredericksburg Railroads were interrupted. Siege of 
Suffolk abandoned, the troops being drawn off to reintbrce Richmond. 
General Peck followed them. Alexandria, La., ca))tured by Admiral 
Porter. It was afterward occupied by General Banks’ advance. The 
jeV>el steamer Eugenie, loaded with arms and ammunition, captured otf 
Jlobile by the gim-boats Cayuga and Kanawha. The rear of Hookers 
army got'safelyoack to-day. The steamer Majestic burned below Hick¬ 
man; l,4uo tuns of commissary stores and 150 horses were consumed. 
It wa.s supposed to be the work of an incendiary. 

7th.—General Keyes occupied West Point, Va. General V.an Dorn, of 
the rebel army, killed by Dr. Peters, of IMaury County, Tenn. 

8th.—President Lincoln issued a proclamation declaring what shall 
constitute the Kational forces; and declaring also, that no plea of alien¬ 
age w'ill be received from any foreign-boi’n citizen after (io days from the 
date of the proclamation. The steamer Cherokee captured off Charles¬ 
ton while attemj)ting to run the blockade; the ve.ssel and cargo were 
worth ^175,000. The gun-boats commenced the bombardment of Port 
Hudson. 

9th.—Skirmish at Horse-shoe Bend, on the Cumberland ; the rebels 
routed. The British schooner Linnet, w’ith a valuable cargo, captured 
off Mobile by the steam-transport Union. The schooner Sea Lion, with 
272 bales of cotton, 7 barrels of turpentine, and considerable si)ecie, 
captured off I\Iol»ile Bay by the gun-boat Ar'oostook. 

10th.—The rebels, w’ho* were routed yesterday at Horse-shoe Bend, 
attacked the Unionists this morning, but were repulsed, after two hours’ 
hard fighting, with considerable loss. Jackson, Miss., invested by Gen¬ 
eral Grant. “Stonewall” Jackson died of wound.s received at Chancel- 
lorsville, and ]nieumonia. 

11th.—Buell Court of Inquiry adjourned, after a se.ssion of 105 da 3 ’’a. 
Fight at Lebanon, Tenn. ; after a severe fight of eight hours the Federals 
retreated to the north side, of the Cumberland River; the loss was heavy. 
General Grant reached Fourteen-Mile Creek. All places of jiublie resort 
in New' Orleans, except jflaces of worship, w’cre required, bv order of 
the Provost-Marsh.al, to <lis}flay the National flag, and the theaters re- 
quii'ed to perform National airs every evening. 

I-th.— Hattie of liayniond. —McPherson’s corps captured the place after 
a stubborn tight of two hours ; the rebels lost 75 killed and 186 prisoners, 
besides the wounded. Colonel W. K. Breckinridge, w'ith 55 men of the 
1st W’est Tennessee Cavalry, surprised, at Linden, Tenn., a rebel force 
double his own, and captured 37, including 7 oliicers, 50 horses, and a lot 
ol arms and stores. 

l.'ith.—Skirrni.'^h at Glasgow, Ky.; rebels routed. General Curtis suc¬ 
ceeded by General Schofield in'command of the Department of Mis¬ 
souri. Colonel Hatch made a raid into Alabama from Corinth, and 
brought back 400 {irisoners and GOO horses. 

14th.— Battle of Jackson. —General Grant captured Jackson, Miss.; the 
State Capitol w'as burned. The rebel Congress threatened to han®' all 
commissioned officers of negro regiments who might fall into tlieit 





niSTOKr OF TUE WAR. 


May, 1SG3.] 


IU3 


hauda. General Grant defeated Generala Gregg and Walker at Mi»sU- 
tippj Springs. General .McPlierson occupied Clinton, Miss. 

15th.—Two rebel mail-boat.s captured on the Disin.al Swamp Canal, near 
Currituck Bridge. Fight at Beaver Dam Church, near Suffolk, Va.; the 
rebels defeated, with heavy los.s. The Unionists lost 2 killed ,21 wounded, 
and 6 missing. Continual skirmi.shing near Suffolk. Colonel Clayton's 
fori’e, which left Helena on tlie Cth, agaiu-st the guerrillas in the neigh¬ 
borhood, returned to that post to-da)', having defeated and scattered the 
rebels in two engagements, and destroyed SUX),UOO worth of .sup})he.s. 
Colonel Clayton’.s lo.ss was 2 killed and 8 wounded ; the rebel loss in both 
tigiits was loO killed and woundetl. 

Itlth.—Judge Ijeavittj at Cincinnati, declined to issue the writ of habemt 
corpus a.sked lor by Vallandigham. Vallandigham was sentenced by 
General Burnside to be confined in Fort Warren during the war. Thi.s 
sentence was afterw.ard mo<litied bj' the President to transportation be¬ 
yond the Federal lines. Lieutenant-Colonel Davis, of the I2th Illinois 
Cavalry, reported to General King, at Gloucester, Vhi., the results of hi.s 
raid through the rebel communications. He h.'ul traveled u|iward of 200 
miles since leaving tjtoneman, captured over 200 hor.ses and mules, and 
destroyed the Central Railroad at Hanover Station, liatlle of Champion 
Mill. —The relrels, tinder Lieutenant-General Pemberton, were utterly 
defeated, and fell back behind the Big Black River. About 2.5,(K)0 men 
were engaged on each side. The rebels lost 3,(X>0 prisoners, about 1,000 
killed and wounded, and IG nieces of artillery ; the Unionists had about 
1,70<J killed and wounded. Slvirmish at Berry’s Ferry, Va. IG men of the 
1st New York Cavalry ilefeated 22 rebel cavalry; 2 men were killed, 5 
wounded, and 10 captured. 

17th.— Cattle of the Big Black .— Grant again advanced toward Vicksburg 
and met Pemlierton at Black River Bridge, and drove him into Vick.s- 
burg, with the loss of 2,000 men and 17 pieces of artillery. The rebels 
burned the bridge on their retreat. Skirmish at Cripple (h’eek, on the 
Bradyviile pike, Tenn.; rebels thrashed, and 18 men cajJured; 5 Fe<l- 
erals .slightly wounded. The Confederate ship Cuba, with a cargo valued 
in Havana at S-loo,ouO, was burned by her crew, off IMobile Bay, fo pre- 
^vnt her capture by the Federal cruisers. The crew were picked uj) by 
the De Soto. Tredegar Iron-works, at Richmond, Va., destroyed by fire. 

18th.— Vicksburg /arested.—General Grant cro.ssed the Big Black on four 
jiontoon bridges, and closely invested Vicksburg. All the approaidies 
were occu{»ied. General Sherman occupied Haine.s’ Bluff. The rebels 
had lost, to this time, in the various engagements of the march on Vicks¬ 
burg, 9,000 prisoners and G,s pieces of artillerv. 

loth.—Skirmish at Winchester, Va. Two detaidiments of the ,3d Cav¬ 
alry fired into each other near 3iemphis, Tenn., killing seven men and 
wounding several others. The Richmond Sentinel of to-day said, in rela¬ 
tion to those sent South by Presiilent Lincoln, that ‘‘ they must join their 
efforts to ours against the common enemy—they must assume our alle¬ 
giance and our''duties.” Rebel guerrilla.s plundered Richmond, Mo., 
killed two or three men, and captured the whole guanl of the town. 
Ma|or-General Foster, commanding the Department of North Carolina, 
directed all his officers to render all the aid and support demanded ra 
the matter of recruiting the colored troops by General Wild. 

20th.—.AlFair at Pogue’s Run, Ind. A large mass-meeting was held at 
ItKlianapolis. Such "were the intimations received at head-quarters of 
the character and disposition of some of those to be pre.sent, that 
the avenues leading to head-quarters and the arsenals were heavily 
guarded. In the evening, as they were leaving, fire-arms were discharged 
into the city from all the trains. They were immediately stopjied and 
searched. About GOO revolvers were taaen. They were then allowed to 
dejiart. General Grant captured the outer works at Vicksburg, with 6? 



10-1 


HISTORY OF THE WAR. 


[May, 18G3. 


pieces of ai-tillery and a large number of prisonei*s. Confederate navy 
yard and works at Yazoo (Jitv, together witli three large steamers, a 
powerful nun 310 feet long and'70 feet beam, destroyed by Admiral Por¬ 
ter. The value of property destroyed was about $'2,000,000. Fight at 
Fort Gibson, Ark., between the advance of Price’s army, under Steele, 
Cooper, and McIntosh, and the Union forces under Colonel Phillips. 
The rebels were driven back with gi’eat loss ; Union loss, 30 killed. 

21 st.—President Lincoln approved the findings in the Vallandigham 
case, and ordered him sent l>eyond the Federariines. Guerrillas plun¬ 
dered Plattesburg, Clinton County, Mo., and robbed the court-house of 
§11,000, belonging to the State. General Grant captured the rebel bat¬ 
teries on the liills'north of Vicksburg, and turned the guns on the city. 
The water Ixvtteries silenced by Admiral Porter. General Augur’s divi- 
simi of General Banks’ army had a nine hours’ fight with the rebels on 
the Bayou Sara road, four miles in rear of Port Hudson. The rebels 
were thoroughly whipped, and leA a large number of killed and wounded 
on the field. Over 1,()(M) prisoners were taken. Union loss, 12 killed and 
50 w’ounded. The rebels Med inside their intrenchments. 

22d.—The two-year regiments commenced returning home. A rebel 
camp at Middleton, Tenn., surprised and destroyed ; 8 were killed and 72 
taken prisoners ; 200 horses were also taken. Union loss, 3 or 4 wounded. 
The Medical College at Louisville, Ky., u.sed by the government as a 
hospital, was entirely destroyed by tire ; loss, §yo,ouu. The sick were all 
removed. The schooner F>mily cajkured at Urbana by the Potomac 
liotilla. Her cargo was w'ortli §o0,0tio. The crew escaped. Battle at Gum 
Sioamj), N. C. — The rebels were driven ft'om their intrenchments, and the 
■works destroyed; 195 jirisoners, 1 gun, and 50 horses and mules were 
captured. 7 rebels were wounded ; 1 Unionist killed and 7 wounded. 
Major Walker, with parts of the 5th Kansas and 3d Iowa Cavalry, about 
200 men, fought 400 guerrillas, near Helena, and drove them some dis¬ 
tance, killing 9 and wounding 21. Union loss, 4 killed and 20 wounded. 
The g.un-boat Owasco destroyed the notorious blockade runner West 
Florida, off Charleston. The British steamer Eagle captured by the 
Octorora. General Grant assaulted the works at Vicksburg, but was 
repulse<l, with the loss of 1,(X)0 men. General Pemberton offered to sur¬ 
render Vicksburg, if the garrison would be allowed to lay down their 
arms and march'out. The offer was refused, and the siege was regularly 
commenced, and prosecuted with vigor. 

23d.—The Richmond Whiiy, in a long article on the state of affairs in 
the South-west, spoke very despondiugly; it said, however, that if Pem¬ 
berton was whipj^ed and Vicksburg caikured, they would yet have mate¬ 
rial for large armies, under abler and better generals, and .called on the 
Southern people to rally to their standards and swell the ranks of the 
armies. The London Times, of this date, in an editorial, .said ; “ The end 
of this war is not to be looked for from any return to coascientiousness 
or humanity, any conviction that the cause is unjust, and success hope¬ 
less ; the end must come by the slower })roces3 of exhaustion, either of 
men or of that real enthu.siasm which tights instead of preaches.” 

. '24111.—f’ight at Senatobia, Miss.; rebels defeated, losing 80 prisoners, 
19 killed, and 20 wounded. 

25th.—Vallandigham deliyered to the Confederate outposts at Mur¬ 
freesboro, Tenn. A large force of rebels attempted to cross the Cumlier- 
land at Fishing Creek ; three regiments succeeded, but were comi)elled 
to return by a party sent after them. A reconnoitering party from Helena 
had a skirmish with the renels on Little Rock road, in which 5 Unionists 
were killed and 21 wounded ; 3 rebels killed and 8 wounded. Fight at 
Fenatobia, Miss.; rebels driven across the Tallahatchie, with a loss of 6 
killed and 3 wounded. 

, 28th.—Immense gathering of the Loyal Leagues at Utica, N. Y. Couii 






June, 18C3.J 


HISTORY OF THI5 WAR. 


105 


of Inquiry on Gencrnl Coroomn’s caso ncquiftoci him of tho murder of 
I ■ Colonel Kimball. Guerrilla camp near Memphis broken uj) aiul de¬ 
stroyed ; 4 men killed and 5 hi ken pri.soner.s. 'I'he Kearney Cross, a 
I badge of honor, was given to 4G.1 non-commissioned oflficers and privates 
I of General Kearney’s old division, by General Jlirney. General Hunter 
ordered all able-bodied persons not employed in government service to 
leave his department; and if found therein after twenty days, to be 
drafted to till ui> the various regiments. The order also prohihite<I tlie 
I landing of any one without a pro})er permit. Tlie gun-I)uat Cincinn.ati 
sunk in fifteen feet water, from the. effects of the fire from the rebel bat- 
^ries at Vicksburg; 2;5 men were killed and wounded, and fifteen miss¬ 
ing. Port HmUon Invested. —General Banks moved his arm)' from 
Semmesport, on tiie Atehafalaya, crossed the Missis.sipj)i at Bayou Sara, 
formed a junction with (jreneial Augur, and closely invested i^ort Hud¬ 
son. Colonel Cornyn, with a force of cavalry and mounted infantry, left 
Corinth, Miss., on an expedition into Nortliern .Alabama. 

27th.—Tlie athick on Port Hudson commenced to-day by an assault on 
the rebel works in rear, and the bombardment by the fleet in front. The 
j outer line of works was taken, but witli a loss of'between 2,0((0 and 3,000 
I men. The 2d Louisiana (colored) Ileginient lost GOO out of IKXf men. Joe 
! Johnston was at .fackson. Miss., to-day, but his army has not been strong 
enough to attack Grant. He wa.s closely wahdied. 

28th.—The rebel army of the East commenced their preparations for a 
I raid northward. Heavy bodies of troops and trains were seen moving 
I in the direction of Cuipepjier. An intercepted dispatch from Genend 
Pemberton to General .lohnston state<l that if he was not reinforced with 
; 30,out) men in ten days, the game would be up. 

20th.—The Gth Mrissachusetts Regiment reached Lowell, Mass., liav- 
ing .served out its second term. The 8th Illinois Cavalry, on a recent 
. Bcout down the Peninsula, between the Potomac and Rappahannock, 
captured 125 prisoner.s, 1,500 contrabands, and 8U0 honses, and broke up 
! four smuggling routes. Skirmish at Thoroughfare Gap. 

30th.—Rebel cavalry destroyed a locomoti ve and 16 cars, loaded w'ith 
forage, on the Alexandria Railroad, near Kettle Run ; they were routed 
by a detachment of cavalry, who captured their artillery, and killed and 
wounded a great many; Union loss, 4 killed and 14 wounded. Techo 
(La.) country abandoneti; the advance, consisting of <300 wagons, 3,000 
horses and mules, 1,.500 cattle, and 6,000 negroes, reached Kew Orleans 
to-day, from Barr’s Landing. 

31st.—Skinnish at Mill Spring; 1 lieutenant and 32 privates captured. 
Twelve rebels, with 200,o(Ki jwreussion caps on their persons, were caught 
making their way into Vicksburg. All the siege-guns at Vicksburg 
opened at midnight, and continued till daylight this morning. 

June 1, 18G3.—<Jeneral Burnside suppressed th^? Chicago Times, and 
prohibited the circulation of the New York World in liis department. 
Governor Tod, of Ohio, appeared before the Fairfield County (Ohio) 
Court of Common Pleas, to answer the charge of Dr. Olds. Grant de¬ 
manded the surrender of Vheksburg, giving Pemberton three days to 
consider. Pemberton replied he did not want fifteen minutes. The 
Raleigh Standard stated that Governor Vance notified Jeff Davis that 
North Carolina rnu.st not l>e made the theater of war; that when Virginia 
was lost, he must retire to the Cotton States, and end the war where it 
begun. General Kilpatrick reached Urbana, Va., from Yorktovvn; he 
captured, on his raid, over 3<w) horses and mules, 1,0(K) contrabands, and 
destroyed S2,(KK),tMX> woidh of propertv. Colonel Cornyn’s expedition 
returned to Corinth ; he had fought and defeated Roddy, and brought in 
100 prisoners, <300 hor.ses and mules, 200 contrabands, and liesides had 
destroyed vast quantities of rebel goveruineut stores, iiis loss was two 
kiliod aud six wouuded. 


106 


HISTORY OF THE WAR. 


[June, 18G3. 


2d,—Judge Drummond, of Chicago, granted a temporary injunction to 
restrain the military from taking possession of the Chicago Times office. 
General Blair returned tf) Vhcksburg from a reconnoissant'e between tire 
Yazoo and Big Itlack. He scouted 50 miles of country, destroyed a great 
amount of valuable property, and gained much important information. 
The Union troops evacuated W'est I'oint, Va., on account of the unhealth- 
fulness of the situation. Colonel Monffiomery, of the 2d South Carolin.a 
(colored) Kegiment, defeated the rebels at Bocotaligo, S. C., and took 
possession of the railroad bridge. 

.‘Id.—The military took possession of the Chicago Times office. The 
Illinois House of Representatives passed resolutions denouncing Gen¬ 
eral Burnside’s recent order suppressing the Times, and demanding its 
witlidrawal. Immense “peoce” meeting m New York. 

4tli.—General Burnside, by direction of the President, revoked his 
order in relation to the Times and World. Continual skirmisiiing in the 
neighborhood of Murfreesboro and Winchester. 1,200 rebel cavalry 
attacked the garrison at Franklin, Tenn., but were finally repulsed, with 
heavy loss. The garrison at Triune, 'I'enn., were also athicked, but the 
rebels were repulsed, with a loss of 200 men, 400 horses, etc. General 
Gillmore succeeded General Hunter in command of the Department of 
the South. BaUle of Satartia, liliss. —'J'his battle was fought by 3,000 
Unionists, under General Kimball, and 2,000 Confederates, under Wirt 
Adams, and lasted thirty minutes, when the rebels were routed, losing 
considerably in killed and wounded, and 100 prisoners; Union loss, 1 
killed and 17 wounded. Semmesport, on the Atchafalaya, destroyed by 
Federal gun-boats. 

5th.—The Federals, in their operations, reached within speaking dis¬ 
tance of the rebel works at VicksV>urg. All the siege-guns were opened, 
and 3,(3iX) shells were tiirown into the city in one hour. Part of the Gth 
Corps made a successful reconnoissance across the Kai^pahannock ; 103 
})risouers were captured. They lost 3.5 or 40 killed and wounded. Fight 
renewed at Franklin, Tenn.; rebels rejndsed again. Lee’s army com¬ 
menced moving north. General Kilpatrick arrived at head-qu.arters 
from Urbana; he captured 500 horses and 2.50 contrabands. General 
Keyes sent out a force from Yorktown which destroyed, at Aylett, on the 
Mattapony, an iron foundry, tnaidiine-shops, warehouses, large quan¬ 
tities of gVain, etc.; the property de.stroyed amounted to $120,000. One 
killed and tliree wounded on the Union side. General Vandever left Bt. 
Louis with 4,000 men, to reinforce Grant. A small boiiy of Grierson’s 
cavalry were attacked in the rear of Port Hudson by^ihout 1,200 rebel 
cavalry ; 30 were killed and 40 taken prisoners. CO hoVses were taken by 
the rebels. 

oth.—John Ross, Chief of the Cherokees, offered the President a regi¬ 
ment, 1,200 strong, of loyal Indians. A strong force of rebels attacked 
Y'oung’s Poi)it and Milliken’s Bend, but were re})ulsed at both places by 
the colored troops. The rebels lost 200 killed and wounded ; Union loss, 
78 killed and 370 wounded. The rebel privateer Coquette burned at se.a 
the bark Whistling Wind, with a cargo of coal. Longstreet’s corps of 
Lee’s army passed northw.ard through Culpepper. 

7th.—Fight at Raccoon Ford, on the Rapidan, between 400 Federal 
cavalry and two regiments of the rebels. The rebels were defeated, 
their loss being 5 killed and 15 wounded. Colonel Wilder returned to 
Murfreesboro, having broken Tip a band of guerrillas at Liberty, 
Tenn., capturing 02 prisoner.s, 130 mules, 100 horses, arms, equip¬ 
ments, etc. 

Sth.—Gold in Richmond $0.00 premium ; silver, $5..50. A meeting of 
editors and publishers of newspapers was field in New York. They 
asserted the right to freely and fearlessly criticise the acts of those 
charged with the administration of tho government, and of its civil and 







June, 18G3.] 


HISTORY OF THK WAR. 


107 


military subordinates; and that any limitation of this right, created by 
the necessities of war, should be to the localities where hostilities exist 
or an invasion threatened. 

9th.—Colonel Lawrence W. Orton, Bragg’s chief of artillery, formerly 
Lawrence Williams, of the United States army, and Ma.jor W. D. Peters, 
oi the Confederate army, were executed as s|iie3 this niornin", at Frank¬ 
lin, Tenn. They gained admi.ssion into the lines by means or forged cer- 
titicates, that they had been deputed to examine the fortitieations; but 
havin;' excited the suspicion of Colonel Baird, commanding the post, ho 
had them arrested. Siege of Vicksburg progressed slowly—General 
Grant pushing forward his parallels and rdie-pits. Skirmish near Mon- 
ticello, Ky., between Colonel Pegram and General Carter. The reViels 
were driven eight miles. Union loss, 3 wounded ; rebel loss, k killed 
and 10 wounded. Cavalry fight at Beverly Ford, between 15,000 of Stuart’s 
cavalry and the Union cavalry, 9,000 strong, under General Plea.santon. 
It lasted from 5 A. M. to 3 P. M., when, the rebels being heavily rein¬ 
forced, Pleasanton withdrew, carrying otf his w'oundqd and 200 prisoners^ 
also the bodies of his dead officers. The rebels had been driven buck 
from three to five miles. This action frustrated, for a time, the intended 
inva.'^ion of Pennsylvania. 

10th.—Governor Yates, of Illinois, prorogued the Legislature of that 
State until January, 18G5. Pennsylvania divided into two districts, to 
provide against the threatenediiinva.sion. Fight near Monticollo ; two 
hours’ fighting defeated the rebels. Union loss, 30 killed and wounded ; 
rebel loss unknown. A heavy force of Texans attacked Lake Provi- 
lence, but were repul.sed. 

11th.—It was estimated that, at this date, 50,000 colored soldiers have 
>een enrolled into the service of the United .States. Vallandigham nom- 
oated for Governor of Ohio by the Peace (?) party of that State. 90 rebel 
'itficer.s—prisoners —en route for Fort Uelaware, in the steamer Maple 
. jeaf, overpowered the crew and sent them below; they then steamed 
br the Virginia shore, G5 miles below Fortress Monroe, and made their 
Bscape. At Triune, Tenn., Forrest, with 5,000 cavalry and two batteries, 
iittacked General K. B. Mitchell’s cavalry forces, but retreated as the 
Federals advanced. They were pursued six miles, losing 21 killed, and 
70 wounded and i)risoners. Mitchell lost six men killed. A committee 
of the leading property-holders of Louisiana waited upon the President, 
and .said they were ready to unite in declaring that Sbtte a part of the Union 
as before tlie rebellion. The. notorious blockade-runner Herald was de- 
stroved by the blockading fleet otf Charleston, Uarien, Ga., burned by 
the Federals. 

12th.—General Couch assumed command of the Department of the 
Susouehanna, and called out the militia. Lee comtnenced his movement 
up tne Rappahannock, i)reparatorv to his march into Pennsylvania; his 
forces were estimated at 98,000. j"ohnston still continued to mass forces, 
with the intention to attack the rear of Grant’s army. Artillery tight in 
Charleston harbor, between the Union batteries on hfolly Islarnl and the 
rebel batteries on Morris Island, and the Union gun-boats Pawnee and 
McDonough. It lasted till sundown ; results not known. 

I3th.—Hill’s corps, the rear of Lee’s army, left Fredericksbtirg. Skirm¬ 
ish near Middletowm, Penn. ; 8 rebels killed, a number wounded, and 57 
taken prisoners. The rebels made a raid on Elizabethtow'n, Ky., cap¬ 
turing a government train, 200 horses, and other valuable property. .An¬ 
other figlit at Mount Sterling. News from Vicksburg showed that (he 
bombardment continued with .sustained vigor, the rebel batteries being 
fllmo.st silenced. General Grant had approMChfKl to within twenty yards 
of the rebel works. Leo co)nmenced moving toward Peun.sylvania. 
Cavalry skirmish at Edwards’ Ferry. General McReyriolds was attacked 
this morimig at Berryvilie, 12 miles from Winchester, by the rebel* 


HISTORY OF THE WAR. 


108 


[June, 1863. 


under Geneml Trimble. McReynold.s fell back to Winchester and joined 
(jeneral Milroy. 

Wth..—Battle at TFinc7t<>s/er.—General Milroy was nearly surrounded >>y 
18,000 men, under General Ewell, who carried his outer works. 'I’he 
rebels advanced on Martinsbur,g, and demanded its surrender, which 
General Tyler refused. An artilierj'light followed, after which General 
Tyler retreated to Harper’s Ferry. General Banks made an assault on 
the works at Port Hudson, but was only j)artially successful. He gained 
a {iosition within 50 or 100 yards of the fortifications. He lost 700 inea 
killed and wounded. IKK) rebel cavalry made a raid into Maysville, Ky., 
and took about iglGjlXiO worth of goods, paying therefor in Oonfeflerate 
money; they took also alx>ut iH, 0<.>0 of goVernment property. Hine’a 
guei rillas routed near Bardstown, Ky.; 4 killed and 1 ca}>tured. The 
English and Austrian e<insnls, fi'om 'the Confederacy, ariived in New 
York, having been e.Kpelled by the rel>el government. The Army of the 
Potomac moved north, to counteract Lee’s movements in the 8henaa- 
tloah Valley. j* 

15th.—Getreral IMTlroy evacuated Winchester this morning, at 1 o’clock, 
spiking his guns; four miles out he was compelled to cut his way 
throu^. He lost about 2,hU0 men, 3 batteries of artillery, 6,(X>0 muskets, 
2S0 wagons, etc. President Lincoln called out 10(),i>00 men lor six 
months. Governor Curtin, of I’ennsylvania, called out 50,(K)0 militia to 
re])el the threatened invasion. Jenkins’ retel cavalry entered Chambers- 
burg at y P. M.; they burned the i^iilroad bridge at Scotland, si.x miles 
from ChambersJ^urg. The>a'ebela occupied llarper’s Ferry. General 
Tyler retreated to Maryland Hights, and shelled them out, when they 
retreated to Williamsport. Colonel ymith was surrounded by the rebels 
at Hagerstown, and, after fighting an hour and a half, was compelled to 
surreutler. Fight in Fleming County, Ky.; rebels defeated, with severe 
loss ; Union loss, 15 killed and 50 wounded. The rebel iron-clad Atlanta, 
formerly the Fingal, was (aaptumd in Warsaw Sound by the Patapsco and 
Weehawken. General Ellet’s marine brigtide, 2,300 strong, drove 3,500 
rebels out of Richmond, La., captured 30, and burned the town ; Union 
loss slight. 

17th.—The 4lh and Gth Wisconsin Regiments captured in an assault on 
the rebel works at Port Hudson. 2,00o rebel cavalry advanced 11 miles 
beyond Chambersburg, in the direction of Harrisburg. General Blunt 
forbade the circulation, in his de[)artment, of the New York Cancaxian, 
Chicago Times, Columbus Crisis, Cincinnati Enquintr, and New York 
World. Federal forces evacuated Frederick, Md. Skirmish at Aldie, 
Va.; 70 men, including several olKeers, ea})tured. 

18th.—300 rebel cavalry made a dash into Placpiemine, La., and burned 
six steamers and 75 bales of cotton. The place was not garrisoned. 
Harrisburg, Penn., fortified. Jenkins’ cavalry evacuated Chambersburg 
at 1 P. M. The rebels captured and burned a train of 2;5 cars, at Point of 
Rocks, Md., and e.arried otf the jiassengevs. Hagerstown occupied by 
General Rhodes and 3,000 Confederates. General Lee occui>ied Thorougli- 
fare Gap. General Hill’s corps at Dumfries. 200 of the 4lh Kentucky 
(rebel) t'avalry crossed the Ohio River into Indiana. At Orleans they had 
a right with the Mitchell Horne Guards; 3 of the guards were killed and 
20 vvounded. The country was aroused, aird the raiders pursued. Gen¬ 
eral YlcCleruand relieved of the command of the 13th .Yrmy Corps by 
General Grant, and General Ord appointed to succeed him. 

loth.—Aeronautic Corps of the army disbanded. Jenkins’ rebels plun¬ 
dered McCounellsburg, l^enn., and drove off $12,000 worth of cattle. 
General Kili)atrick’s caviilry had a fight with Stuart’s advairce, at Middle- 
bury, noiu' AMie. The engagement lasted all day, the rebels being 
repulsed in every eliarge; they were finally driven from the field. The 
rebel force vvhicli crossed the Ohio River yesterday were defeated hy 



June, 18G3.] 


HISTORY OF THE WAR. 


109 


the Home Guards; 54 were captured. Colonel Hines and one man 
escaped by swimming the river; the remainder were eitl.er killed or 
drowned. 

20th.—A letter from Fort Scott gave an ac;count of the squelching of a 
rebel recruiting commission in iS’ew Mexico and Colorado. They were 1!) 
in number, including three colonels, one lieutenant-colonel, one major, 
and four captains. The Usages attacked, killed, scalped, and decapi¬ 
tated the whole party. The lion. A. J. Borman elected Governor of the 
new State of West Virginia. General Schenck called on the citizens of 
Baltimore to rally to' the defeu.se of the city. Baltiq^ore appropriated 
$KK),00U for the defense of the city. Vallaudigham rah the blockade at 
Wilmington. 

2l.st.-^The rebels attacked the railroad bridge at La Fourohe (La.) 
Crossing, but were repulsed, leaving their dead and woundeil. The rebel 
steamer Victory, with 1,000 bales of cotton on board, captured by the 
Santiago de Cuba. The rebels fortified liager.stown. A force of rebel 
CHvtt>i-y reached Gettysburg. Colonel Carter, with 3,000 cavalry, was in 
East Tenne.ssee, on a I'aid; he destroyed the railroa<is for a con.siderable 
di.stauce, nearly 1,300 feet of bridging, and a great amount of property. 
He captured 500 jirisoners, 1,000 stand of arms, 200 boxes of ammunition, 
and3 pieces of artillery. Terrific cannonading by the batteries and gun¬ 
boats around Vicksburg. 

22d.—The rebels made a sally from their fortifications at Vicksburg, 
out were driven back by the artillery. Vallamligham reached Nassau. 

23d.—General 0.sterhaus was attacked at the Big Bl;v3k River, Miss., 
by Johnston’s army ; after a long eimagement .Johnston went back again, 
his army having suffered terribly. Pittsburg, Penn., fortified. 

24th.—-A geneitd movement of llosecrans' army commenced to-day; 
Hoover’s Gap and Manchester occupied. Battle at Beech Grove, Tenn.; 
rebels defeated, after a fight of four hours. Chambersburg, Penn., 
occupied by the rebels. Fight at Bridgeport, Miss.; Union loss, fX) killed 
and wounded, and one howitzer. Lee and Longstreet were at Win- 
ciicster. 200 of tiuantrell’s and Parker’s guerrillas attacked 71 of the t>th 
Kansas, at Westport, Mo., and, after fighting for near two miles, killed 2G 
and wounded G of them. The guerrillas were afterward pursued by 
another force, and 3 killed, 1 wounded, and 14 captured. 

25th.—Fight at Guy’s Gap, Tcnn.; Union loss, 65 killed and wounded. 
Fi'dit at Liberty Gap, Tenn., between Cleburne’s division and Willich’s, 
Wilder’.s, .and Carter’s brigades. After an hour’s fight the rebels were 
defeated, with heavy lo.ss; Union loss, 40 killed amfluO wounded. The 
steam-tran.sport Lebanon, loaded with ammunition and government 
stores, sunk near Hurricane Island, Ghio River; vessel and cargo a total 
lo.ss. General Uix occujjied White House, Va. General Logan blew up 
an angle of P'ort Hill, at Vheksburg, and occupied the work. Jeff' Davis 
, called*upon Alalxima for 70,000 men, to jiroteet that State from invasion. 
Skirmish at McConnellsburg, Penn.; the Unionists retired before superior 
numbers. The Uuion forces, being insufficient to hold it, evacuated Car- 

2 Gth.—Gettysburg, Penn., occupied by Early’s division of Longstreet’s 
corps. General Rhodes’ division occupied Chamliersburg. The revenue- 
ontter Caleb Cushing cut out by the rebels in Portland (Maine) harbor; 
two steamers were sent in pursuit. Colonel Spear’s 11th Pennsylvania 
Cavalry captured 111 prisoners, including General W. F. 11. Lee, also 310 
mules, lio wafons, and 75 horses. The 11th lost 3 killed and 8 wounded. 
The rebels recaptured Berwick’s Bay and Brasheur City, La., and occupied 
the whole country of the Lafourche. l,tHX) prisoner.^, .30,000 rounds of 
ammunition, 30 pieces of artillery, $.30,0(X) worth of sutler’s stores, and a 
lar^e quantity of medical stores were captured at Brashear. The relWa 
committed great atrocities at the couU’abaud camp near Brasheaiii 






10 


HICTORY OF THE WAR. 


[June, 18G3. 


slauglitering. in <?o!d blond, upward of 3,000 old nion, women, and chil¬ 
dren ; afU'-rwiird, at Donaldsonville, 120 of these marauders were killed, 
un<l lOu taken j)ri.souers, including IG officers. Shelbyville, Tenn., oc¬ 
cupied b 3 " Federal troops. Kear-Admiral Foote died in New York. 

27th.—General ’Meade succeeded General Hooker in command of the 
Armj'of the Potomac. The rebel arrnj' occupied Carlisle, Penn.; the 
advance of their army reached Kingstown, 13 miles from Harrisburg. A 
rebel force tore uj) the Baltimore and Ohio llailroad at Glen Ro(^, 33 
miles from Baltimore. General Lee at Chambersburg. The cutter 
Caleb Cushing was burned by her captors, off Portland ; they attempted 
to escape in the’ boats, but were picked up by the pursuing steamers 
Forest City and Chesajieake, and taken to Fort ITeble. 3,000 rebels cap¬ 
tured by a division of the Federal army, at Hoover’s Gap, Tenn. IMis- 
souri Convention passed an orrlinance of emancipation, to be submitted 
to the people. It provided for em.aneipation on July -I, 18G8, but that 
slaves should remain subject to their masters as servants: those over 
40, for life; those under 12, till they are 23 ; all others, till July 4, 1874. 

28th.—Great excitement thi-ougliout Pennsylvania on account of the 
rebel invasion. In Philadelphia, all business was suspended, and drilling 
took its place. Mechanicsburg and A'ork, Penn., occupied by rebels. 
Fight at IVrightsville, opj)osite Columbia. Federal troops driven across 
the river, and the bridge destroyed, to prevent jiursuit. Fight near Gal¬ 
latin, Tenn.; the rebels .alteinpted to destroy the raih-oad, but were 
driven off, losing seven killed and a large number of prisoners. General 
Stanley’s cavalry defeated the rebels at Guy’s Gap and Shelbyville; 50 
rebels were ridden down in the Gap, 100 flnven into the river, and 700 
taken ])risoners, with some artillery ; Union loss, 6 killed and 30 wounded. 
Tlie rebel General Green demanded the surrender of Donaldsonville, La. 
whicli was refused, when he attacked, in force, at .A. IM. The fight 
.asted till daylight, when the rebels were repulsed. The rebel loss was 
estimated at gOo, including 120 prisoners; Union loss, 6 killed and 16 
wounded. 

2yth.—The rebel troops tore up the Baltimore and Ohio Railroad at 
Sykesville, an<l the Northern Central, from Galesboro to Affirk, IG miles. 
Flight at MeConnellsburg ; rebels defeated, losing 3 killed and 33 prison¬ 
ers ; Union loss, 2 wounded. General Roseerans’ movement forced 
Bragg to abandon his defenses and fall back to Tullahoma. Colonel 
Wil*ier destroyed the N. and C. Railroad, and burned the bridge at 
Dechord, in the rear of Bragg. General Lee and staff were at Carlisle ; 
here the rebels made requisitions on the inhabitants for large quantities 
of provisions. About $30,0()0 worth were collected. The 1st Delaware 
(Union) Cavalry were chased to within five miles of Baltimore. They 
fought with sabers and revolvers, tuitil overpowered by superior num¬ 
bers, when the\' scattered ; 15 out of 110 reported at Baltimore. A large 
force of rebels attacked the Union garrison at Ijake Providence, and, 
after considerable fighting, forced them into their intrenchments; the 
opportune arrival of the gun-boats camsed the rebels to decamp very 
suddenly ; Union loss, 50 killed and wounded. 

30th.—General Pleasanton’s cavalry drove the rebels from Gettysburg, 
and occupied the place. General Early issued an address to the peojue 
of York, saying that he abstained froih firing the dejiot buildings, as it 
would endanger the whole town, and he did not wish to punish the inno¬ 
cent with the guilty. He afterward evacuated the place. The rebel army, 
40,000 strong, with 40 pieces of artillery, left Carlisle for Gettysburg. I'he 
Army of _the Potomac occupieil York and Hanover, thus cutting the rebel 
lines. General Schenck declared martial law in Baltimore City and 
County, and the counties on the western shore of Maryland. The response 
to his appeal for jniblic defense was prompt and enthusiastic. The City 
Council of Ciaoinnati resolved to enlorce the State jMilitia Act. Governor 



July, 1S63.] 


HISTORY OF THE WAR. 


Ill 


B^fyirioHr, of New York, ordered the enlistment of 30 regiments in New 
York City and Brooklyn. General .Steadman, accom])anied by General 
Thoma.s, reconnoitered to within two miles of Tullahoma. Immense 
war meeting in Indianapolis, Ind. 

Jri.y 1, ISliS. —Battle of Gettiisbnrg, Penn .— The battle opened at 9 A. M. 
by an attack on the 1st and ilth Corp.s, by' the rebels under Longstreet 
and Hill; the l.st Corps being in advance, sustained the whole shock, 
until the other came up. The tight was severe and attended with heavy 
loss. Major-General Reynolds was mortally wounded. Fight at Carli.sle, 
Penn. The rebels were grailually driven back, and our forces occupied 
the town. The rebels afterward returned and demanded the surrender 
of the town, which being refused, they commenced to shell it; during 
the fight they made a detour and burned the barracks, gas-works, sev¬ 
eral lumber yards, and private buildings. Union loss is stated at ten 
wounded. Rebel loss not known. Cavalry fight at Hanover, Penn., last¬ 
ing nearly all the afternoon. Union loss about iitX). Rebel loss, 400 killed, 
wounded and prisoners, and six pieces of artillery. General Rosecrans’ 
advance occupied Tullahoma, Bragg having evacu.ated that place last 
night. General Negley had a .skirmish with the rebel rear, near Tulla¬ 
homa. 40 Unionists killed and wounded. Ten men were killed an<l 10 
wounded by the exidosion of a barrel of powder, during the ev.acuation 
of Maryland Hights. General Logan exploded a mine under Fort Hill, 
an outwork of the rebels at Vicksburg, exjiosing one side of the work. 
McCook’s cofps occupied Estell Springs, Tenn. Mis.souri Shite Conven¬ 
tion pa.ssed an ordinance of gradual emancipation; slavery', as such, to 
cease in the State on the 4th of July, 1870. Guerrillas destroyed the 
Louisville and Frankfort Railroad. 

2d.— Battle at Gettyshiirg renewed .— The rebels attacked the Union lines 
at 4 P. M., but after a severe contest were repulsed at all points; upw'ard 
of (;,0<X) prisoners reported taken. Fighting near Tullahoma, Term., 
la.stiug from daylight till 2 P. M., when the rebels retreated precipitately, 
lo.sing 2,000 jiri.soners. Union loss, 1,100. Skirmish at Bottom Bridge, 
Va., between 1). H. Hill’s rebels, and a force of Unionists under Colonel 
West. 2,o00 Federal cavalry went into King William County, Va., and 
captured all the Home Guards. Guerrillas, 1,700 strong, defeated at 
Beverly, with severe loss. All private arms .seized in B.altimore, except 
those belonging to the enrolled Militia. Governor Yates, of Illinois, was 
shot at through the window of his residence, in Springfield, by some per¬ 
son unknown. The Secretary of War fixed tlie ))rice of exemption under 
the Conscription Act at 8-30O, and authorized the Collectors of Inland 
Revenue in each di.strict to I'eceive the amount. 

3d. —Battle of Gettysburg .— This was the fierce.'^t of the three days’ fight. 
The rebels attemi>ted to turn Meade’s left flank, but were repuhse’d, losing 
3,h<J0 pri.soners. The fighting was most fiiriou.s, and the slaughter terri¬ 
ble ; the loss in officers on both sides was heavy. The rebel loss was 
e.stimated at 2,439 killed, 14,.'i80 wounded, and C,2:Jo prisoners taken. 
The Union loss is set dow'n at 14,000 killed and wounded. 20 battle, 
flags were taken by one corf)S. Rebels burned the railroad bridge at 
Chambersburg. McCook occupied Winchester, Uecherd, and Cowan, 
Tenn. The Union losses of all kinds, in this advance, have 'o^n, about 
1,000; about 4,000 prisoners were taken. P'lag of truce fro?n Vicksburg, 
asking an armistice to arrange terms of capitulation. General Grant 
refused any ocher terms but those of ungonditiona) surrender. At 3 
o’clock, General Pemberton himself had an interview with Grant. It was 
arranged that the city should be occupied by the Federals .at 10 A. M. on 
the 4th of July; that the officers should have their horses, .and 4 d.ays 
rations; the I'nen to be paroled on the spot. John Morgan’s rebels 
crossed the CuuiberlHud at Burkesville last night and this morning. 


112 HISTORY OF THR WAR. [July, 1863. 

The Sioux Chiof, Little Crow, the leader of the Indian Massacre in Min¬ 
nesota, was killed near Jlutchinson, Minn. 

4th.—Tlie day was celebrated throughout the North with appropriate 
rejoicings. Pre.sident Lincoln issued an addres.s to the country, an¬ 
nouncing a victory at <5ettyshurg. General Meade occupied Gettysburg. 
IJe issued a congratulatory letter to his arm}', thanking them for the 
glorious results of the recent operations, and'telling them he looks to 
them for yet greater eflorts. General Kilpatrick cajitured and burned, 
near Hagerstown, Md., nearly 300 wagons of Ewell’s train, and ran otfthe 
hor.ses. At 10 A. M., Vicksburg surrendercfl, and General Steele’s divi¬ 
sion marched in and occujjied the city, and the Federal flag was raised on 
all the public ))uildings. 31,277 prisoners, including 15 general officers, 
and 102 field officers, 30 .siege guns, 50,000 stand of arms, oesides a small 
lot of ammunition and store.s, 37 stand of colors were among the tro¬ 
phies. The garrison had been snbsi.sting on mule meat for the last four 
days, and were physically prostrated and destitute. About 1,200 women 
and children had been living in caves. 2,500 persons had been killed 
inside during the siege. Morgan’s rebels, 4,000 strong, defeated near 
Green River Bridge, by 200 Unionists in a stockade, after three and a half 
hours fighting. The Union loss was 6 killed, 23 wounded and taken 
prisoners; rebel loss, 50 killed, and 200 wounded. A flag-of-truce boat 
came down the James River to Fortress Monroe with Vice-President 
Stephens .and Commissioner Ould, as sjiecial messengers from Davis to 
President Lincoln. The President telegraphed to the Fortre.ss, declining 
to receive them. Batile at Helrna. —Holmes, Price, and Marmaduke, 
with 8,000 or 10,000 rebels, attacked the Union forces at Helena, Ark. 
Tlie battle lasted from 4 to 10 A. M., and was very .severe. The rebel loss 
was estimated at 1,.500 killed and wounded, 1,130 prisoners, and 2 pieces 
of artillery; Federal loss about 2.30 wounded. 

5th.—Rebels retreated to Chambersburg and Greencastle, Penn., ab.an- 
doning their dead and wounded. Jeff Davis’ dispatches to liCe inter¬ 
cepted. Davis said he could not reinforce Lee, and ordered his return to 
Richmond. It was estimated that, to thrs jnorning, Lee had lost 6,000 
men by desertion alone. Morgan, with 4,000 cavalry, attacked Colonel 
Hanson, with 500 men, at Lebanon. After .seven hours’ fight. Colonel 
Hanson was compelled to surrender. The rebel loss in the engagement 
was 3 killed, incliuiing Lieutenant Tom Morgan, a brother of the General, 
and 6 wounded ; Union loss, 9 killed, and 15 wounded. Fight at Wood- 
burn, on the Louisville and Nashville Railroad. 50 hor.ses, and 4 pris¬ 
oners taken from the rebels. Ten men of the 63d Indiana whipped 30 
rebel cavalry near Lebanon, Ky. Vallandigham reached Halifax, N. S. 
General Sherman had a fight on the Big Black, with Johnston, who re¬ 
treated, losing 2,000 jn’isoners. General Rosecrans occujiied Winchester, 
Tenn. 

6tli.—General Pleasanton occupied the mountain passes near Cham 
bersburg, impeding Lee’s retreat. Battle near Mercersburg, Penn., be¬ 
tween P’itzhugh Lee and General Pierce. General Gregg, of I-’lea son ton’s 
cavalry, had a figb.t with the rebels at Fayetteville, Penn., taking 4,000 
prisoners. 10,00() prisoners ari'ived in Baltimore from the Army of the 
Potom;je.' Lee retreated toward the Potomac, his army utterly rotited, 
Ideade in close pursuit. The Potomac commenced rising to-night, de¬ 
stroying the rebel pontoon tiridgos. General Getty destroyed tlie Vir¬ 
ginia Central Railroad bridge over South .'\nna River. Alorgan stopjied 
the trains on the Tjonisville'and Nashville Railroad. Steamer Hibernian 
arrived at New York, bringing the news that the case of the. seizure of 
the Alexandra had been decided in favor of the. defendants. General 
Grant officially reported his loss at Vicksburg, and the battles preceding, 
at 1,243 killed, 7,095 wounded, and 637 missing. 


July, 18G3.] 


niSTORY OF TOE 'W’AR, 


113 


7th.—12.P.0 A. M., nlnrm bells rung in Louisville, enlling out the citizens 
to check the advance ol' Morgan, jlorgan’s advance, about 200, caritured 
the steamers Alice Dean, and J. T. McCombs, at Brandenlmrg, Ky. 
Hobson commenced his j)ur.suit of Morgan. The fall of Vicksburg was 
announced lo-da}’’, and caused great rejoicing throughout the loyal Slates. 
Captain Fit<d), A. Q. M,, reached Baitimore from Martinsburg, vitli a 
train value<l at : 51 ,o 00 ,o 00 , much of which it was said had been destroyed 
at the time of Milroy’s retreat. rU‘))el army reached Hager.stowu, Md., 
on its retreat. Bosecrans occupied Tullahoma, ihagg retreating. 

8th .—Surrender of Port Hudson .—Port Hudson, Miss., which had been 
invested by Ceneral Banks, .since IMay, surrendered to the Federal forces. 
6,f>00 prisoner.s, 2 steainer.s, 60 guns, 5,000 small arms, 150,000 rounds car¬ 
tridges, and 44,800 lbs. of cannon powder were among (he captures. 
Great excitement in Louisville; mea.surg,s were taken for the (dty’s de- 
fen.se. Morgan, with 4,800 men, 5,000 horses, and 4 jiieces of artillery 
crossed the Ohio in the captured steamers. The steamer Alice Dean 
vsas burned, the McCombs was released. Tlie rebels immediately 
marched on Corydon, Ind. I'he Homo Guards of Jjeavenworth disputed 
their passage, but were overpowered by superior numbers. They lost 
2 killed and 15 prisoners ; the rebels lost 2 killed, and several wounded. 
Great excitement through the State of Indiana. Militia called out and 
armed to resist tliis invasion. Bragg retreated across the Tennessee. 
Bouth Mountain and Hagerstown, Md., occupied by the Federals. Con- 
tinu.al skirmishing. General Grant promoted to Major-Gener.al, and Gen¬ 
eral Meade to Brigadier, in the regular army. General Kilp.atrick’s com¬ 
mand was surrounded near Hagerstown, blit cut their way out, with con¬ 
siderable loss. Gold fell to 25 per cent, in New York. 

9th.—Corydon, Ind., surrendered to Morgan. He marched on Sey¬ 
mour, and destroyed the railroad and burned the depot. Border coun¬ 
ties of Indiana i)laced under martial law by Governor Morton. Port 
Hudson occupieil by General Banks. Over 500 wagons of Lee’s trains 
have been destroyed by P'ederal cavalry. Buford and Kilpatrick de¬ 
feated Stuart at Boonesboro, Va. 

10th.—Salem. Ind., occupied by Pdorgan. He bumed the depot, tanks, 
etc., and de.stroyed tlie railroad. A portion of his forces occupied Green¬ 
ville and Paoli, then Vienna, where he burned the railroad bridge, and 
tore up a portion of the track. Lexington and Paris, Ind., were akso cap¬ 
tured. Martial law declared in Louisville. Cavalry skirmish at Bene- 
vola, near Hager.stown, Md.; rebels driven two miles. Lee succeeded 
in passing his ammunition and supplies over the Potomac, on a single 
bridge, at'William.sport. His main hody fell back in the evening to Fall¬ 
ing Waters, on the Potomac. Fight near Bharjisbiirg, lasting from day¬ 
light to 6 P. M., when Longstreet’s division was driven some miles. 
Hebei General Jenkins captured and sent to Fort McHenry. Attack on 
Charleston .—A fleet of 27 iron-clads, and 2.5 transports, made an attack on 
the rebel works on Morris Island. After a fight of three and a half hours, 
General Gilmore effected a landing, and immediately commenced the 
erection of batteries against Forts Wagner and Gregg, on the north end 
of the island, and which commanded the approaches to the city. About 
150 Unioni.sts were killed, wounded, and captured in this action. Eleven 
heavy guns were captured from the rebels. General Sherman advanced 
against Jack.son, Miss., driving Johnston. The private library of Jeff 
Davis captured near Jack.son, and .scattered by the soldiers. General 
Blunt defeated the rebels near Foii Gibson, Ark. 

11th.—Excitement in Indiana was inten.se. In Indianapolis the stores 
were closed, and the militia ordered out. Fully 20,000 men were in that 
city to-day. Assault on Fort Wagner .—A storming party of three regi¬ 
ments, under General Strong, made an assault on Fort Wagner this 
moi-uing. The flag was raised over the fort, but owing to the assaulting 

8 


114 


HISTORY OF THE WAR. 


[July, 18G3. 


columns not being properly supported, they were repulsed. The lo.ss 
was about ;toO killed, w^ounded and i)risouer.s. j 

i2th.—A portion of Morgan’s force demanded the surrender of North i 
Vernon, Ind., which was refused. General Love, of the Indiana Legion, j 
marched to its relief, w'hen Morgan decamped. it’> men and their horses i 
were taken. Colonel Gavin’s Militia Regiment overtook Basil Duke’s ^ 
detachment at Sunman’s, when a tight ensued, which resulted in Duke’s 
retreat; losses unknown. Gun-boats had a fight with a portion of Mor¬ 
gan’s men, who attemjited to cross the river at Madison, Ind. Army of 
the Potomac followed close on the rebel rear, pressing them hard, and ! 
overtook them at Williamsport. Riot commenced in New York, in op 
position to the Conscription. The Provost-Marshal’s office was destroyed, 
with several other buildings. 

13th.—Martial law declared in Cincinnati, Covington, and Newport, , 
Morgan making his w’ay into Ohio, burning and destroying bridges and I 
railroads in his way. He crossed the Big Miami this evening, and 
burned the bridge. Colonel Rise’s Militiamen had a fight with a party 
of rebels at Mitchell, Ind.; they took 20 prisoners. Rebels destroyed the 
railroad near Sunman’s. General Kilpatrick occupied Hagerstown. 
Rebels fell back to Wdliamsport. Colonel Hatch dispersed the rebels at 
Jackson, Tenn., released 500 conscripts. All their artillery, and 250 horses 
ffiken, and 200 rebels killed, wounded, and captured. Yazoo City occu¬ 
pied by General Herron. 250 rebels were captured. Fort Powhattan, on 
James River, occupied by Union forces. Riot in New York on the in¬ 
crease. 20 persons were killed by the rioters. Tribune Buildings were 
attacked, but the police drove them off. The Colored Orphan asylum 
was burned, and numerous other outrages were committed. In the En¬ 
glish House of Commons, Mr. Roebuck withdrew his motion for a recog¬ 
nition of the Southeni Gonfederacy\ 

14th.—Lee crossed the Potomac at Williamsport and Falling Waters. 
Union cavalry, under Kilpatrick, captured 1,500 prisoners, 3 battle-flags, 
a section of artillery, and a lot of small arms belonging to Lee’s rear 
guard at Falling Waters. Morgan reached Williamsburg, and Batavia, 
Ohio. At Miam’iville he destroyed the Little Miami Railroad, and fired 
into an accommodation train, and burned the cars. At Loveland he de- 
stroyetl 50 government w'agons. Two companies of Colonel bhryock’s 
regiment oi’ Indiana Militia fired into each other near Law’renceburg, 
killing 7, and wounding 20 others. Several large business hou.ses in New 
York sacked by the rioters. Tlie military fired on the mob, killiitg and 
wounding over'100 of them. Rosecrans took about 4,000 prisoners in his 
forward movement. 

15th.—Rioting still continued in New York, though sometvhat cheeked. 
Disturbances occurred at Newark, N. -L, Boston, IMass., Brooklyn, York- 
ville, and Harlem, N. Y., but were speedily quelled. Morgan reached 
Georgetown, Ohio. Great excitement in Ohio. Militia pouring into 
Camp Chase. Lee still retreating toward Richmond, his army demoral¬ 
ized, and desertions frequent. iPresident Idneoln appointed* the 6th of 
August as a day of thanksgiving and prayer, for the recent successes t® 
the Federal arms. Vnllandigham arrived at Chiton House, on the Canada 
side of Niagara Falls, and issued an address to the people of Ohio, ac¬ 
cepting thehomination for Governor of Ohio. Geo. W. L. Bickley, chief 
of the K. G. C’s, arrested at New Albany, and sent to the military prison 
at Louisville. Battle of Honeti Springs, Ark .— General Blunt, with 3,500 
men, and two batteries, attacked and defeated 6,000 rebels, and 4 pieces 
of artillery, under Cooper, at Honey Hprings, Ark. The fight lasted from 
934 A. M. to 1% P. M., when the rebels retreated, conte.«tiiig the ground, 
having burned all their stores. Their loss was fully 300 men; Uniou 
loss, 50. 400 stand of arms, and one 12 pound howitzer were captured. 
Previous to the beffle, General Blunt marched 60 miles in 24 hours. A 



^^ly, 1863.1 


HISTORY OF THE WAR. 


115 


iflvalry force from Charleston, Va., attacked atul destroyed the town of 
♦V’ytheville, Va., and cut the line of the Virginia and Tennessee Railroad; 
120 prisoners, 3 pieces of artillery, and 700 small arms were ca})tured. 
Rebel loss, about 75 killed and wounded ; Union loss, 65 killed and 
wounded, including Colonel Toland, of the 34th Ohio, commanding the 
expedition, killed. 

16th.—Morgan reached Piketon, Ohio, which surrendered to him. He 
was closely pursued by the Union forces, under Generals Judah, Shackel¬ 
ford, and Hobson. Morj^an burned the bridge over the Scioto. Lee’s 
army occupied the neighborhood of Winchester, Va. New York nearly 

? uiet. Andrews, the leader of the rioters, was arrested and sent to Fort 
Lafayette. .4ttaek on Fort Darling abandoned. The steamer Imperial 
arrived at New Orleans from St. Louis, the first boat through in two years. 
The privateer Florida arrived at Bermuda, and saluted the British flag, 
which was returned. 

17th.—Morgan surrounded near Gallipolis, Ohio, but managed to cut 
his way through with a small portion of his force. Colonel Runkle had 
a three-hours’ fight with him near Berlin, Ohio ; three rebels were killed. 
Riot in New York nearly quelled, and the military withdrawn from a great 
portion of the city. Mayor Opdyke advised the citizens to remain quietly 
in their houses and places of busine.ss, but to be jirepared for any emer¬ 
gency. The draft took place quietly in a majority of places in the East. 
General Canby placed in command of the Department of the East. The 
Department of North Carolina added to the Department of Virginia— 
General Foster in command ; head-quarters at Fortress Monroe. Gen¬ 
eral Stanley occupied Huntsville. General Ransom occupied Natchez. 

18th.—General Meade crossed the Potomac in pursuit of Lee. The 3d 
battalion of the 5th Ohio Cavalry and a detachment of the 6Gth Illinois 
surpri.'ied and captured a force of between 3,000 and 4,000 rebels, encamped 
near Rienzi, Miss., with the intention of attacking Camp Davis, near 
Corinth. Furious bombardment of Fort Wagner, ending with an assault 
on the works, which was repulsed with severe loss on both sides. It was 
so dark that friends fired upon and killed each other. General Parke 
attacked Jackson, Miss., but found that it had been evacuated, the rebels 
firing the city in several jilaces; 40 locomotives and large amounts of 
other rolling-.«tock and rebel stores were captured. Admiral Porter re¬ 
ported the capture, up the Red River, of the rebel steamer Louisville, 
one of the largest in their service; also, up the Tensas, of the steamer El¬ 
mira, loaded with supplies for the rebel army. Several others were burned 
by the rebels. The expedition captured also 15,000 rounds smooth-bore 
ammunition, 10,000 Enfield cartridges, 724 rounds fixed ammunition, 52 
hogsheads of sugar, 10 puncheons of rum, and immense amounts of 
other stores. Walker’s rebels were left entirely without ammunition. 

19th.—The rebels attempted to drive the Federals from James Island, 
but were unsuccessful. Blorgan retreated toward Bealsville, where about 
300 of his men managed to cross the river before the arrival of the gun¬ 
boats. More infantry coming down the river. Morgan’s band was im¬ 
mediately surrounded and surprised, and all taken prisoners, except 
about l,.5(jo, w'ho managed to e.scape to near Buffington Island, a few miles 
above Pomeroy, Ohio, where Generals Hobson and Judah came up with 
him about 9 o’clock. They immediately commenced an attack. Mor- 

f an made two attempts to cross the river, but was prevented Viv the gun- 
oats. In the fight which ensued, the rebels lost 40 men killed and their 
artillery; the balance escaped. Basil Duke and a brother of Morgan were 
captured. 

20th.—General Shackelford reported that he brought Morgan to a stand 
at 3 P. M., and had a fight of an hour, when Morgan and a small squad 
fled, the balance surrendering. Lee commenced to move his army up 
the Valley. General Gilmore commenced the siege of Fort Wagner by 



116 


HISTORY OF THE WAR. 


[July, 1863. 


regular approaches. Federal cavalry from Nowbem destroyed the Wil¬ 
mington and Weldon Kailroad at Horky Mount, JN. C., burned the long 
bridge over the Tar River at tliat jilaee,’ one of the most costly atructur<!8 
in the State, and a valuable cotton factory that liad been making clothing 
for the rebel army. Large quantities of quarter-master and ordnance 
stores were also destroyed. The loss to the rebels in this expedition was 
estimated at $5,000,000. The U. S. sloop Ossippee captured, off Mobile, 
the blockade-runners James Battle and William Bagley, loaded with 
cotton. 

22d.—Lee retreated to Winchester. Brashear City recaptured by the 
Federal gun-boat Sachem. 

2:3d.—Morgan was checked by the militia near the Muskingum, but 
managed to escape, with loss of 15 killed and several wounded. soO men 
of General Spinola’s Excelsior Brigade had an engagement with three 
times their number of Longstroet’s rebels, with 17 pieces of artillery, 
near Manassas Gap, and drove them from their position at the point of 
the bayonet. The rebel loss was about 500. General Gilmore reported 
his loss to date at 635 killed and wounded, and about 350 missing. 

21th.—General Meade engaged the rebels at Port Royal; rebel loss, 
2,300 killed and wounded. Colonel Baker’s detectives arrested a party 
of spies at Brentville, \Si., en route for Richmond, with important docu¬ 
ments, plans of fortifications, statements of forces, and number of guns, 
etc., addressed to the President of the Confederate States. The passenger 
steamer Eagle, on her passage to Havana, overliauled an English steamer 
of 600 tuns, loaded with cannon, etc., and detained her until the arrival 
of a war vessel, which took her in charge. General Rosecrans’s official 
report showed the losses in his advance on Tullahoma and Manchester 
to have been 85 killed, 162 w^ounded, and 13 missing; also that he cap¬ 
tured 59 commanding officers, 1,575 non-commissioned officers and pri¬ 
vates, besides large quantities of stores. 

25th.—The office of military govemor of Arkansas abolished. The 
rebel army evacu.ated the neighborhood of Port Royal, and moved iu 
the direction of Culpepper and Orange Court-house. Jeff Davis appointed 
August 11 as a day of fasting and prayer on account of the late reverses 
to tne Confederate arms. 

2Gth.—The Hon. John J. Crittenden died, at 334 o’clock A. M., at his 
home in Frankfort. General Shackelford captured Blorgan and the bal¬ 
ance of his force near New Lisbon, Ohio, at 3 P. M., and took them pris¬ 
oners to Weilsville. Morgan previously had a figlit with Major Way and 
250 of the 9th Michigan Cavalry, and lost 210 men. Seeing his hour had 
come, he surrendered to Captain Beckwith, of the militia, on condition 
of his parole ; but. General Shackelford coming up, refused to acknowl¬ 
edge the condition, and took Morgan into custody. 

27th.—Colonel Pegrain, with about 1,500 rebels, crossed the Cumber¬ 
land and moved northward, supjiosed with tlie design of assisting Mor¬ 
gan to escape. General Schenck, at Baltimore, levied $3,000 on :34 of the 
principal secessionists in Hartford County, Va., to reimburse several 
loyal people w'hose property had been burned by those inimical to tiie 
conscrijition act. Lee’s army below Cul])ep]>er. A Union force occupied 
the north bank of the Rappahannock, near Rappahannock Station. Gold 
worth 1100 per cent, premium in Richmond. The Mayor of Savannali, 
Ga., ordered all citizens to organize for home defense. 

2Sth.—The steamer Imperial arrived at St. Louis from New Orlean.s. 
Johnston retreated beyond the Pearl River, pursued by Grant’s forces. 
A force of rebels, under Pegram, about 2,500 strong, with six pieces of 
artillery, attacked a small dJnion garrison at Richmond, Ky. After a 
severe fight of an hour, the Unionists w-ere compelled to fall back to the 
Kentucky River. 

29th.—Fight at Leiciagton, Tenn.* rebels defcatedj with the loss of 


Aug., 18G3.] 


HISTORY OF THE WAR, 


117 


their colonel, 27 prisoners, and 2 pioces of artillery. Pegram’s and 
Bcott’s force.‘«, 2,500 strong, left Richmond, Ky., ero.s.sed the Kentucky 
River, and attacked the Union forces. Alter a sharp tight of two hours, 
the rebels rctreateil toward Winche.ster, followed by the Union cavalry. 
General Gilmore’s batteries wore within 250 yards of Fort Wagner and 
134 niiles of Fort Sumter. 500 guerrillas captured near Helena, Ark. 
William L. Yancey buried at Montgomery, Ala. 

80th.—Morgan and Cluke, with 2« others, were confined in the Ohio 
penitentiary. Gilmore’s operations against Fort Wagner progressed 
favorably. Colonel Saunders attacked the main body of Pegram’s and 
Scott’s rebels at Winchester, Ky., and, after an hour’s hard fighting, 
drove them toward Irvine, the rebels losing part of their wagons and 
camp eciuipage. At Irvine they were met by a detachment of the 14th 
Kentucky, who, after a sharp skirmish, killed 7, wounded 18, and cap¬ 
tured 75, and drove them across the river. Saunders then came up and 
• cros.sed the river in pursuit. The guerrilla Richardson is.sued an order 
requiring all able-bodied citizens of West Tennessee, between 18 and 45 
years of age, to repair to his head-quarters, under pain of death and de¬ 
struction of property if they refused or resisted. General Herron’s divi¬ 
sion destroyed a large amount of rebel stores, and captured a large 
(quantity of salt and large numbers of cattle, intended Ibr Lee’s army, 
bkirmish in Saline Cbunty, Mo., between the enrolled militia and guer¬ 
rillas ; several were killed and w'ounded on both sides. 

31st.—General Burnside placed the State of Kentucky under martial law, 
believing the rebel raid was for the purpose of influencing the election on 
the 3d ot August. The Union troops occupied Fredericksburg flights. 
General Meade issued an order, holding citizens along the line ol the 
Orang^and Alexandria Railroad responsible for any damage to the road. 
'I’he rebels under Scott burned a train of GO wagons near Stamford, Ky. 
Colonel Saunders again came up with the rebels, five miles north of 
Somerset, and drove them in confusion to Lancaster; 20 rebels were 
killed and wounded, and 181 captureil. Union loss trifling. 

August 1, 1863.—President Lincoln is.«ued a proclamation that he would 
retaliate in kind for any ill-treatrnent of the Union soldiers, whether black 
or w'hite, by the rebels; that the Federal uniform must be respected. 
Peterhotf case decided to-day, adverse to the claimants. General Buford 
drove Stuart’s rebels miles from Rixppahannock Station, when the 
rebels were reinforced, and Buford was compelled to withdraw; he 
brought away over 100 prisoners; his loss was 4 killed and GO wounded. 
Rebel guerrillas surprised, captured, and destroyed a government train 
of 20 wagons, on Whitewater, 10 miles from Cape Girardeau; the team¬ 
sters ana negroes carried otf. Richmond papers admit large desertions 
fi’oin Johnson’s army. 

2d.—Siege of Charleston progressed slowly but favorably; the Iron¬ 
sides within 500 yards of Sumter; 500 prisoners were token, after a short 
resistance, on Folly Island. A fierce engagement took place to-day, in 
which the Ironsides, the Ottowa, and another gunboat, with the works 
on Morris Island silenced, the rebel batteries. 

3d.—Copperhead not in South English, Keokuk County, Iowa; the 
leader of the rioters was killed. Military called out, and riot subdued. 
Gov. Seymour, of New York, asked the I’resident to suspend the draft 
and order a new enrollment. Lee’s army was encamped hetween Rapi- 
dan Station and Orange Court-liouse, Va. Colonel Spear reported that 
his expedition had crossed the Chowan River, at Win.-^ton, N. C., charged 
on the rebels in force at Jackson, near the Roanoke, and drove them 
back, taking 76 prisoners, 60 bales of cotton, and 100 horses. He lost 2 
killed and 3 wounded. 

4th.—Drafted men commenced going into the camp of the Army of the 
Potomac. Steamer Ruth, valued at $100,000, burned at the foot ol Island 





118 


HISTORY OP THE WAR. 


[Aug., 1803. 


No. 1; she had on board a number of paymasters; 5^2,500.000 in Treasury 
notes were burned with the boat; 30 live.s were lost. Fight at Brandy 
Station, Va., between 0,000 of Stiiart’.s cavalry and 3 brigades of Union 
troops, 12 pieces of artillery, and Major Brock'haus’s horse artillery; the 
fight lasted from 2 o’clock till night, when Stuart retreated. He stated 
his loss at 6 killed—18 wounded. Rebels cannonaded the Union works 
from their batteries on James and Morris Lslands, but did no damage. 

5th.—Large numbers of refugees Irorn East Tennessee arrived at Lex¬ 
ington, Ky. A body of 300 of them had a tight in Powell’s Valley, near 
the Cumberland Mountains, with 400 rebel cavalry, and defeated them ; 
tliey lost 05 of their number taken prisoners. Jelf Lavis issued an earn- 
e.st appeal to Confederate officers and soldiers to return immediately to 
their various camps. .4.n attempt was made to blow up the gunboat Bar¬ 
ney, by a torpedo, in the James River, below Fort Barling; the bow of the 
boat was lifted about ten feet, and was deluged with water, which washed 
overboard Lieutenant Cushing and 15 of the crew; 2 men were drowned. 
The guerrillas fired into the lleet, and Acting Master Cox, of the Cohas- 
set, was killed. GO armed refugees entered the camp of General Lodge, 
at Corinth, Miss., having fought their way from Waynesboro’, Tenn. 

6th.—Day of Thanksgiving ordered by the I’resident for recent victo¬ 
ries. Ship F. B. Cutting, with 230 passengers, from Liverpool, was cap¬ 
tured, in latitude 41° in', longitude 44° 20', by the rebel Florida, and 
released under bonds of $10,000. 

7th.—Mails have been made up daily betw’een Memphis and New Or¬ 
leans, via Mississippi river. President Lincoln replied to Governor Sey¬ 
mour that he could notconsent to suspend the dral't in New York City, as 
time was important; but that the enrollment of some districts should be 
revised. General Sibley reported that he had fought 3 desperate wigage- 
ments with 2,200 Sioux Indians, and had driven them acro.ss the Mis- 
soui’i River, with the loss of all their equipments, and 150 in killed and 
wounded. Sibley’s loss was 7 men. 

9th.—General Banks had re-occupied the whole of the Teche 
country. 

10th.—Ensign Benjamin H. Porter, of the New Ironsides, with a picked 
crew, w'ent up during a furious bombardment of the forts, this evening, 
to the obstruction in Charleston Harbor, and spent considerable time in 
examination, and returned in safety. 

11th.—An expedition from Natchez to Woodville, Miss., destroyed 5 
locomotives, 12 passenger and 43 platform cars, a large cotton factory, 
and a quantity of goods; tlie value of the property destroyed was e.sti- 
mated at $2,000,OOd. Union meeting in Washington, N. C. The Raleigh 
(N. C.) Standard still continued its defiant tone against the rebel govern¬ 
ment. 

12th.—General Davidson’s command, from Cape Gir.ardeau, Mo., reach 
Clarendon, Ark.; on the march they had several fights with the rebels; 
one at Trenton. 30 men, under Lieutenant Mills, of the 1st Cavalry, 
routed 100 guerrillas under Colonel Weatherby. General Gilmore, find¬ 
ing he could do nothing against Forts Wagner and Gregg while Sumter 
commanded them, turned his attention to that Fort. After several days’ 
preparation, he succeeded in breaching the rear wall. Robert Toombs 
exposes, in a letter, the bankruiitcy of the Confeiieraey. 

13th.—General Steele’s ex})edition against Little Rock left Helena. A 
force of rebels under Colonel Coffee attacked the 6th IMissouri State 
lililitia, under Colonel Catherwood, at Pinoville, Mo.; the rebels were 
routeil, with a loss of nearly 100 killed and wounded; a large number of 
prisoners, arms, horses, aiid cattle were cajitured. Lieutenant-Colonel 
Phillips’s expedition against Grenada, Miss., left Lagrange, Tenn. 

14th.—Rebel raid into Poolsville, Md.; but little damage done. Rebels 
burned the bridge over the Tennessee, at Bridgeport. General Gillmura 


Aug., 1863.J 


HISTORY OF THE -VVAR. 


119 


► opened his 200 pounder Parrotts upon Fort Sumter. Colonel Winslow’s 
' expedition against Grenada left Yazoo City. Fight with guerrill.a 3 at 
Is'ew Bloomtield, Callaway County, Mo.; several of them wounded. 

1 ^15th.—Itebel .steamer Hudson ran the blockade at Morehead City, 
( N. C., by hailing the lleetand reporting. Territic bombardment of Sumter; 
t the walls were bre.ached. A large body of guerrillas attacked and defeated 
i by a scouting party from Cape Girardeau ; 10 of the rebels were killed. 
, Lieutenant Wood and 71 men of the rebel navy attempted to c.apture a 
i United States gunboat on the Piankatank Liver, but were surprised, and 
I only the Jjieutenant and 4 men escapeil. 

10th.—Lee moved a jiortion of his army toward Dumfries, for the pur¬ 
pose of outflanking General Meade. Gunboat Cincinnati, sunk during 

I the .siege of Vicksburg, has been raised and repaired. Blockade-runner 
Alice Vivian was captured while running the blockade; she had on board 
675 bales of cotton, and a large quantity of turj>entine. English screw 
steamer Cronstadt, witli a cargo of cotton, tobacco, and turpentine, cap- 
I tured by the ste^amer Rhode I.sland, for a violation of the blockade at 
Wilmington, N. C. General Kosecrans commenced his movement 
I toward Chattanooga. General Burnside’s army left Camp Nelson for 
1 East Tennessee. Steamer San Jacinto captured the rebel steamer Lizzie 
l>avis, in latitude 25° 58', longitude 85° 11'. 

17th.—General Hurlbut, learning that the rebels had collected a great 
quantity of stores at Grenada, resolved to destroy them. Accordingly, 

I on the 18th, a force under Lieutenant-Colonel Phillips, of the 9th Illinois, 
" left Lagrange, Tenn., arul reached Grenada to-day, attacked and drove 
the rebels, 2,000 strong, with 3 pieces of artillery, under General Skinner, 
from the town. He destroyed 57 locomoti vesj and over 400 cars, depot 
buildings, machine shops, and a large quantity of ordnance and commis- 
I sary .stores. General Hurlbut had retiuested General Grant to make a 
' diversion in his favor from the South. Accordingly, Colonel Winslow’s 
ex{)edition was sent out from Yazoo City on the 14th, and entered Gren¬ 
ada about the same time. Four large rebel war-vessels have run the 
blockade of Wilmington within the last .six weeks; to-night one went in 
i carrying the British Hag. The grand attack on Sumter commenced at 
' daybreak; the bombardment continued with vigor all day; the fleet 
eng.aged Wagner and Gregg, silencing Wagner, and nearly silencing 
Gregg. Fort Sumter was badly scari'ed. The fleet retired at 2 P. M., 
but the shore batteries kept up a cannonading all day and night; Captain 
Rodgers and Paymaster Woodbury, of the navy, were the only Federals 
killed during the attack. 

18th.—British steamer Hebe de.stroyed by the United States steamer 
Kiphon, wtiile attempting to run the biock.ade off New Inlet, N. C. 

19th.—The gunboats on White River, .'Vrk., captured 3 or 4 rebel boats 
with their cargoes and crews, and effectually cleared the river of rebels. 
Guerrillas attenjited to blow up, with torpedoes, a train on the Memphis 
and Charleston Railroad, but failed. Itort Sumter crumbling under the 
lire of Gillmore's batteries. Steamer City of Madison blown up by the 
explosion of some percussion shells, with which she was being loaded; 
she was literally blown to atoms; some 50 persons were killed. 

2nth.—Immense Union mass meeting of War Democrats at Indi.anapolis. 
The Richmond WhUj of to-day states that while the number of soldiers 
on the rolls of General Lee’s army during the flghts before Richmond 
was 120.000. the number aetiiallv jiresenfin the battle was only 48,000; 
at Sharpsburg the rolls showed 140,(XK», while there were present only 
35,0(X); at Gettysburg about the .same, the balance being absentees and 
deserters. 

2i.st.—About 0 o’clock last evening, Quantrell, with about 800 guerrillas, 
crossed from Missouri into Kansas, about 00 miles below LawTence, 
and immediately marched on that place, where they arrived at 4 o’clock 



120 


HISTORY OF THE WAR. 


[Aug., 1803 


this morning; the citizens being enfirely surprised and unarmed, made 
no defense: the guerrillas immediately fired the town, and commenced 
shooting citizens and pillaging; 00 persons were shot dead in the streets. 
The guerrillas committed great atrocities, killing and burning tire bodies 
and robbing houses of ail money and valuables, even to the jewelry from 
women’s lingers. 100 persons were killed, many of them women and 
children ; nearly 000 were -more or less wounded. Over i!:2,000,0(«J worth 
of property was destroyed, among which were 182 houses. General 
James H. Lane, who was in the town, escaped on horseback, and, rallying 
about 200 men, followetl and fought Quantroll 12 miles south of Lawrence. 
Quantrell fle-l, closely jiursued by the infuriated Kansans. Rosecrans’s 
advance, under Colonel Wilder, shelled Chattanooga. United States 
brig Bainbndge foundered at sea; one man only saved. General Gil 1- 
inore’s 3o0 pounder Parrott gun burst off at the muzzle at the seventh 
discharge, but he continued to u.se it with great ett'ect. Rebel steamer 
Everglade sunk near Tybee Island, Ga., while attemjiting to get to sea; 
22 passengers captured.* Price and Marmaduke’s forces concentrated at 
Bayou Meteor, Arlt.; supposed to be 35,000 strong. General Burnside's 
army left Crab Orchard, Ky., for East Tenn. South-west face of Sumter 
completely demolished; General Gillmore demanded its surrender, and 
that of Morris Island, threatening to shell Charleston in four hours. 

22d. Gold in Richmond, 1,000 ; for Greenbacks, 1,200. Colonel Wilder 
burned a railroad bridge at Shell Mound, severing communication be¬ 
tween the rebel right and left wings. 

23d.—General Blunt, with 0,000 men and 12 pieces of artillery, crossed 
the Arkansas and otfereil battle to the rebels, 11,000 strong, under Cooper 
and Steele ; after a faint show of resistance, the rebels tied in disorder', 
abandoning all their property; Blunt in pursuit. Genei’al Gillmore 
ojrened his “ Swamp Angel ” on Charleston at 12 o’clock, midnight. 
Skirmish at Lafayette, Tenn.; 4 rebels killed and 7 wounded. 

24th.—General Gillmore reported that, after 7 days bombarding. Fort 
Sumter was practically demolished—that it was no longer of any avail in 
the defenses of Charleston. General Jeff Thomp.son and all his staff'and 
100 officers and men captured at Pocahontas, Ark. Quantrell’s guerrillas 
overtaken at Big Creek, near Harrisonville, Mo., and a number killed. 
Over 00 of Quantrell’s band have been killed since they left Lawremie, 
and a considerable quantity of the goods taken were recaptured. A 
rebel cavalry force crossed the Rappahannock at Corbin’s Neck, 6 miles 
below Fredericksburg, but were speedily driven back, with severe lo.ss. 
Copperhead riot at Uanville, III.; 3 men killed. Colonel Winslow’s 
command arrived in Memjihis from Grenada, bringing in over 100 pris¬ 
oners ; they had a skirmish on the Coldwater, in which the rebels were 
defeated; Union loss, 1 killed and 4 wounded. 2.5 of the 2d Massachu¬ 
setts cavalry hail a brisk skirmish with a body of Itlosby’s cavalry, near 
Fairfax, Va., in which they lost 2 killed, 3 wounded, and a prisoners, and 
all their horses; 15 of the horses were afterward retaken; the rebels lost 
2 officers killed, I officer and 3 men wounded. Mosby himself supposed 
to be mortally wounded. 

25th.—Gunboats Satellite and Reliance, of the Potomac Flotilla, cap¬ 
tured by the rebels, at the mouth of the Rajipahannock. General Kil¬ 
patrick, with a force of Union cavalry, afterward sunk the Satellite, and 
made the Reliance unreliable. In consequence of the late X'aids into 
Kansas, the inhabitants of Cass, Bates, and Jackson Counties, Mo., with 
a few exceptions, were ordered to leave their resideni,-es within 15 days. 
General Davidson, of General Steele’s expedition, occupied Brownsville, 
Ark., driving out Marmaduke, with 3,000 cavalry and 2 pieces of artillery. 
General Burnside cros.sed the line of Tennessee. 

2Bth.—A reeonnoitering party, under Colonel Wistar, left Williamsburg, 
and pushed directly co Bottom’s Bridge, Va.; hero they met a regiment 




Sept., 18G3.] 


HISTORY OF THE WAR. 


121 


of rebel infantry, supported by cavalry, and drove them from theif 
rifle-pits and across the bridge ; Union loss, 1 killed and I wounded. 
Skirmish on Elk River, Braxton County, Va.; 4 rebels killed and the 
balance of the gang scattered. Over luu,(iOO bales of Confederate States 
cotton capturetl near Natchez. Ceneral Herron's division ascended Red 
River. General Rosecrans prepared to cross tlie Tenne.ssee. Gene¬ 
ral Averill reported a series of engagements inGreenbriar andRo(',ahonta3 
Counties, Va., in which the rel>tds, under iVIajor-General Jones and 
Colonel Patten, were defeated, and 30 prisoners an<l a large (luantitv of 
stores captured ; the rebel loss in killed and wounded was 7, that ot^^the 
Federals was about 100 killed and wounded. General Gillmore ca})tured 
the rifle-pits in rear of Fort Wagner, advancing his lines 100 yards; 78 
prisoners, including 2 officers, were captured. 

27th.—John B. Floyd died, at Abingdon, Va. The pursuit of Quantrell 
was continued with unabated vigor; 21 men of his band have been killed, 
and over 300 horses recaptured. Colonel 81ent, with 3,000 guerrillas, 
made a raid into Lafayette, Teiin.; but before they did any damage, (liey 
w’ere driven off by a force of 1;"»0 Federal.-!, inflicting severe loss ; Federal 
loss, 27. Skirmish at Hanover, Tenn.; 3 rebels killed and 2 wounded. 
Battle at Bayou, Meteor Bridge, Ark. —General David.son, with 8,000 men, 
of all arms, met the rebels, 7,000 strong, strongly posted at Bayou Meteor 
Bridge, and skirmished with them till dark. A guerrilla band captured 
and burned 13 of a train of 2G wagons, on tlie road from Phillippi to Bev¬ 
erly, We.‘;t Va., and ran off the horses and mules. 

28th.—Skirmish at Cedar Creek, near Glenville, Va.; 4 rebels killed. 
The Battle at Bayou Meteor Bridge, Ark., recommenced early thi.s morn¬ 
ing, and lasted till noon, when the reliels fled over the bridge and fired it. 
They lost 100 killed iuid wounded, and 300 ju'isoners. Union loss, 30 
killed and wounded. 

29th.—Belle Boyd, a notorious rebel spy, was captured near Martins- 
burg, Vhi., and sent to the Old Capitol JTison. 

30th.—Ship Crnnstadt, caj)tured at Wilmington, N. C., a short time 
since, arrived in New York ; she had on board oOO bales cotton, 200 bar¬ 
rels turpentine, and 200 barrels resin. 

31st.—Rosecrans’s army crossed the Tennessee at Bridgeport, Battle 
Creek, and Shellmound, and invested Chattanooga. Fkinuish at i.ees- 
burg. The IMonitors had a 3 hour’s fight with Forts Moultrie and Gregg 
and Battery Bee, when they withdrew. 

September 1st.—A detacliment of General Blunt’s army, under Colonel 
Cloud, took possession of Fort Smith, Ark., defeating a rebel force of 
4,txX)rnen. Colonel Cloud h.ad pursued Cooperand Steel’s guerrillas over 
100 miles to Perryville. Reports from Chaiie.ston represented the siege 
a.s fu'ogres.sing favoraWy. Colonel F'oster’s brigade, of the 23d army 
corps, entered Knoxville, Tenn. 

2d.—General Burnside took Kingston, Tennessee. General Shackel¬ 
ford’s brigade defeated Buckner’sand Pegram’s rebels, at Loudon Bridge, 
Tenne.ssee. 50 rebels were killed and wounded ; one Unionist slightly 
wounded. 

3d.—The North-we.st expedition surprised over 400 lodges of ho.stile 
Indians, 200 miles north of Fort Pierre, Dakota Territory. The Indian.s 
wore defeated and dispersed, 300 of them being killed, and their camp 
and property destroyed; 300 were taken jirisoners. P’ederal lo.ss 40 
killeil and wounded. * Rebel privateer Retribution, as the “ Ella,” came 
into New York, from Nassau, with a load of p»ine-apples; she was seized. 
General Banks issued an order declaring free the trade of New Orleans 
on the Missis.sippi River. 

4th.—General Birm.sidc occupied Knoxville, Tenn., amid great enthu¬ 
siasm. A .scouting party of the Gth Ohio were ambuscaded, on the lh«p- 
pahaunock, and 30 were killed, wounded, and captured. Bread riot m 


122 


HISTORY OF THE WAR. 


[Sept., 1863. 

Mobile. General Carter appointed Provost-Marshal-General of East 
Tennessee. 

5th.—Imboden, with 12,000 men, attacked M.ajor Steven.s, with .300, at 
Moorefield, Hardy County, Va. Stevens fell V)ack to Cumberland without 
lo.ss. Forts Wagner and Gregg again furiously bombarded. General 
Franklin’s expe(rition left New Orleans. 

0th.—Beauregard, finding the works of the besiegers had reached the 
moat of Fort Wagner, ordered its evacuation; the bombardment of 
Wagner and Gregg h.ad been incessant for 52 hours. Captain Coleman, of 
the yth Kansas,' destroyed Quantrell’s camp, and a large quantity of 
stores, at Sinabar, IMo.; 2 rebels were killed. 

7th.—General Gillmore occupied Fort Wagner; 75 men and 36 guns 
were taken. Skirmish on Pigeon Creek, Logan County, Ky.; rebels 
routed, with a loss of 8 killed, 6 wounded, and 32 prisoners. Fight at 
Limestone Station, East Tennessee ; 3tK) Federals cajitured by the retxds 
under Colonel Haynes. Colonel Cloud, with 5U0 cavalry and 1 battery, 
defeated 2,000 rebels, under Cabell, between Fort Smith and Perryviile, 
Indian Territory. 

8th.—An expedition, consi.sting of 20 boats, .34 officers, and 200 men 
from the fleet, made an attempt to seize and occupy Fort Siunter, but were 
repulsed, w'ith the loss of 14 officers and 06 men. General Franklin’s ex¬ 
pedition repulsed in an attack on Sabine City, Texas ; the rebels cajitured 
two gunboats. Cavalry skirmish at Bath, Va.; rebels defeated. Lturing 
the bombardment of Batteries Beauregard and Bee, in Charleston Har¬ 
bor, a shell from one of the lilonitors exploded the magazine of Fort 
Moultrie. Longstreet’s corps left the Rapjiahannock to reinforce Bragg. 

0th.—Cumberland Gap, with 2,000 men and 14 pieces of artillery, under 
reliel General Frazer, surrendered, without firing a gun, to General 
Bhackelford ; 40 w'agons, 200 mules, and a barge quantity of commissary 
stores were captured. Office of the Raleigh, (N. C.) Standard destroyed 
by the 2d Georgia (rebel) regiment; the Standard waas defiant toward the 
rebel government. 1,800 rebels, under Jackson, attacked a small de¬ 
tachment of the 100th Ohio, atTilford’s, East Teimessee; afler a .stubborn 
fight of 3 hours, the Unionists were compelled to surrender; loss, 300 
killed, wounded, and captured. Colonel Cloud defeated the rebels, under 
Colonel Stirman, at Darcianelle, Ark. General Crittenden’s advance took 
peaceable jios.session of Chattanooga, at 1 P. M., Bragg having evacuated 
it the day and night previous. 

10th.—^General Bteele occupied Little Rock, Ark.; the rebels retreated 
South, pursued by General Davidson. General Steele’s loss w'as 20 
killed and wounded. General Peck ordered the colonization of Roanoke 
Island by the blacks. Office of tlie Raleigh (.N. C.) State Journal de¬ 
stroyed by the citizens, in retaliation for the de.stniction of the Standard 
office. General Rosecrans arrived in Chattanooga. IMass celebrated in 
the Cathedral by the Archbi.shop. 

11th.—Baltimore Itrpnhlican suppressed for disloyal sentiments. Skir¬ 
mish at Moorefield, W. Va. 15 rebels killed, 150 captured. 

12t.h.—Sleamer Fox, which was captured by the rebels some time 
since, was chased into the Mississippi and burned. Steamer Seminole 
ca})tnred, off Rio del Norte, a British-built steamer 300 feet long, intended 
for a Confe<lerate man-of-war. 

13th.—President Lincoln, by proclamation, suspended the writ of 
habeas corpus in cases of milihiry arrests. General Pleasanton’s cavalry 
drove the rebels through Culpepj^er, and captured 5 guns and 104 men'; 
2d army coiqis afterward occupied the })Iace. 16,(X)0 ref)els attacked Neg- 
ley’s division, 5,300 strong, at Bird’s Gap, Nortluun Georgia, and drove 
them 3)/^ miles ; Negley lost 35 men, killed, wounded, and missing; ho 
afterward recovered his ground, 
lith.— Pleasanton skiriuishod with the rebels at Raccoon Ford. 


Bept., 1863.] 


HISTORY OF THE WAR. 


123 


15th.—Rebels reported a loss^of 700 men in the struggle for Morris 
Island. General Burnside authorized the formation of the National 
Guani of East 'I'ennessee. 

loth.—General Rosecrans, in his movement against Bragg, had con¬ 
centrated his army on the West Ghickamaiiga, 12 miles from Lafayette, 
Ga.; Bragg, strongly reinforced by Longstreet’s corps from the ILippa- 
hannock, Ijeing in position on the’east side of that river. 

lUth.— Battle of the Chickamauga. —About 11 o’clock Bragg attempted to 
flank the left of Rosecrans’s army, but \vh.s detected, and General Tfiomas’s 
corps moved from the center to the lell, to counteract this movement. 
Longstreet’s corps wjis opposed to Thomas. The left wavered a little, 
but rallied, and, the whole corps advancing, the rebels retreated, and 
were driven a mile and a half, when Thomas was compelled to halt by 
the center not advancing. At 2 P. M., Polk’s and Hill’s corps of the rebel 
army were hurled against McCook and Crittenden, which they succeeded 
in breaking and driving back; but the Eederals being reinforced, the 
rebels were driven back, and the Union army occu])ied its original 
ground. 

2(»th.—The Battle of the Chicknmavga was reopened this morning at 
8]4 A. M., by a fierce attack on the left of the line under Thomas, but the 
attack was unsuccessful. Thomas’s men had constructed a breastwork 
of rails and logs, and maintained their ground against the repeated as¬ 
saults of the enemy. The right and center, being vigorously attacked, 
broke in confusion. Thomas, tinding himself alone, retreated to the base 
of a spur of the iMission Ridge, and here, being reinforced by two brigades 
of the reserve and portions of the other corps, he repulsed the rebels, 
and maintained his position till dark, saving the army. At night he fell 
back to Rossville. The Union losses in the two days’ battles w'ere 1,044 
killed, 9,202 wounded, and 4,945 missing—total, 15,851. The rebel re¬ 
ports place their loss at 10,499 killed and wounded, and 1,500 prisoners. 
The siege of Charleston progressed favorably, Gillmore’s works increas¬ 
ing in strength and extent. General Meade commenced his advance. 

21st.—This aflernoon the rebels made another attack on General 
Thomas, holding the rear of the army in its retreat, but they w'ere re- 
pul-sed, and the army fell back without inlerrujition to near Ch.attanooga. 
Generals Buford and Kilpatrick occupied Madison Court-house and 
Orange Court-house, Va., driving the rebels toward Gordonsville. The 
losses were 1 killed and 21 wounded ; 45 rebels were captured. 

22d.—Hudson Place S.alt-works, near Larien, Ga., were entirely de¬ 
stroyed by a crew from the Seneca. 

2;kl.—The rebel steamer Phantom, with a cargo of arms and munitions 
of war, was driven ashore by the Connecticut, at Wilmington, N. C., and 
destroyed ; the crew escaped. The forces of Hampton and Jones were 
defeated near Madison Court-house, Va. Union loss small; rebel loss, 
60 killed and 85 prisoners. The British iron steamer Juno captured off 
AVilmington by the Connecticut. 

24th.—General Palmer’s division was attacked near Chattanooga, but, 
after a fight of two hours, the rebels were repulsed, with considerable 
loss. The 12th Army Corps left the Rapidan to reinforce Rosecrans. 

25th.—Mosby’s guerrillas attacked and dispersed at Upperville, Va.; 
700 horses and mules wore recovered. 

2Gth.—Genei'al Holmes succeeded General Price in command of the 
rebel troops at Arkadelphia, Ark. 

27th.—The blockade-runner Jupiter, with a heavy cargo of medicines 
and liquors, in attempting to run the blockade, was captured by the 
Cimarron, off Savannah. 

2Sth.—Generals McCook and Crittenden removed from their com- 
mand.s, and their corps (20th and 21st) consolidated, and numbered the 
4th; General Gordon Granger was placed in command. The Virginia 


124 


HISTORY OF THE WAR. 


[Oct., 1863. 


House of Delegates (rebel) rejected, unanimously, propositions lookin® 
toward peace. Tiie steamer Robert Campbell burned at Milliken’s Bend 
by an incendiary ; 26 lives and $60,000 vvo)'th of ])roi'>erty were lost. 

*29th.—Two rebels were killed and 50 or CO wounded*by the falling of 
the stairway of the Overton Military Prison, at Na.shville, Tenn. General 
Herron’s dfvision, under General *Dana, attacked the rebels near Mor¬ 
gan’s Bend, on the Missis.sijipi. The rebels were too strong, and Dana | 
fell back, losing several hundred killed and wounded, and i,500 prison¬ 
ers. The. rebels tlien assumed the offensive, and the gun-boats had to J 
be called in to check their advance. f 

30th.—Rebel guerrill.as plundered r)rownsville, Tenn. 

OcTOJiER 1, 186:3.—Slierman’s corps moving to reinforce Rosecrans. 
General Meade’s official report, dated to-day, stated the loss in the 
Gettysburg campaign to be 2,83t killed, 113,709 wounded, and C,G43 miss¬ 
ing—total, 23,186. Captures were made of 3 guns, 41 standards, 13,621 
prisoners, and 24,978 small arms. j 

3d.—President Lincoln, by jiroclamation, appointed the last Thursday 
of November as a day of thanksgiving and prayer. Wheeler, with 4,000 
rebel ca\Mry, made an attack on McMinnville, and captured the 4th 
Tennessee Infantiy, and burned one locomotive and ten cars. Colonel ^ 
McCook, with the 1st Wisconsin and 2d Indiana, was sent in pursuit. i 
4th.—Colonel McCook overtook Wheeler’s cavalry at Anderson’s 1 
Cross-roads, .and whi})ped them badly, killing and wounding 120, and | 
taking 87 prisoners, 500 mules, and large quantities of government stores. 
The rebels were driven ten miles. The steamers Chancellor, Forest * 
Queen, and Catahoula burned at St. Louis by incendiaries in the pay ol ; 
the rebel government; loss, $75,000. Skirmish at Blue Spring, Tenn.; j 
rebels defeated, losing 16 killed. Wheeler’s force appeared in front of j 
Mmfreesboro, drove the garrison into their intrenchments, and threat- j 
encd the town. They burned the railroad bridges over Stone River and ”, 
Stewart’s Creek. 

5th.—The rebels made an unsuccessful attempt to blow up the new i 
Ironsides in Charleston harbor; the torpedo steamer sunk, and two j 
reb<^l officers were drowned. One officer was killed and two men wounded j 
on the Ironsides by shots from the rebel steamer. Rosecrans strongly > 
reinforced. About 2,000 of Marmaduke’s guerrillas entered South-wesi- ! 
ern Missouri on a raid. The rebels shell Chattanooga from Lookout 
Mountain. 

6th.—85 guerrillas made a raid on Glasgow, Ky., and captured 300 J 
Feilerals and $4,0(10; the booty was afterward retaken. \ 

7th.— Battle at Morrjanza, Lovinana. —General Dana’s infantry advance, 1 
under Lieutenant-Colonel Le.ak, of the 20th Iowa, was surrounded, 
and 480 men cajttured Ity the rebels, under General Green ; the main 
body advanced, when the rebels retreated. Rebel cavalry captured J 
Shelhyville, Tenn., with all the force there. Skirmish at Como, Tenn., I 
lasting two hours. The Unionists were defeated, losing 37 killed, j 
wounded, and prisoners ; the rebel loss was much greater. General j 
Blunt’s staff and body-guard were attacked at Baxter’s Springs, near / 
Fort Scott, by :3(X) of Quantrell’s men in Federal uniform ; the escort I 
broke, and 78 out of 100 men w-ere captured, and afterward killed. Gen- k 
eral Blunt escaj^ed, and, meeting reinforcements, took command, and 
started in jmrsuit of the rebels. The rebel steamer R. E. Lee ran the 
blockade out of Wilmington, and escaped. She afterward went into 
Halifax, N. S. A rebel camp at Evening Shade, Lawrence County, Ark., | 
surprised and destroyed; 60 prisoners and a lot of horses and mules 
were taken. 

8th.—Coffee and Shelby, with 2,000 rebels, entered W.arsaw, IMo., and 
commenccfi an indis(!riininate slaughter of the inhabitants. General 
Crook defeated Wheeler at Farmington, Tenn.; 300 rebels were killed, | 






Oct., 1803.] 


HISTORY OF THE WAR. 


125 


vronndcd, and captured. Federal loss, 29 killed and 150 wonnded. The 
rehols burned Carthage, Mo. Battle near f^nJem, Miss .—S. lb. Ijoe, with 
rebels, attacked 1,500 Federals, under McCrellis and Phillips. 
Alter a .stubborn tight, the latter were flefeated, with the los.s of 15 or 20 
killed and wounded. General Franklin’s advance, under General Weit- 
zel, encamped near Vcnnillionville, La. 

9th.—Rebel batteries opened with gre.at effect on Gillmore’s works on 
Morris Isl.and. General Crook, in pursuit of Wheeler, came uj) with the 
rear guard, at Sugar Creek, Tcnn., captured 500 and scattered the re¬ 
mainder. 1,000 cavalry arms were also captured. The fight was a run¬ 
ning one for tifteen miles. The Knglish Government formally seized the 
rebel rams building in Laird’s ship-yard at Liverpool. 

loth.— Fiifht at Blue 8i>riiigs. Teini .— The rebels, 0,000 strong, were de¬ 
feated and driven from the field at sundown. Union loss, lOu killed and 
wounded ; 150 rebels were captured. Lee endeavored to flank Meade’s 
right. Meade arlvaneed his left against the rebel light, which compelled 
the recall of the reiiel infantry advancing against the right. Fight at 
Robertson’s River, near IMadisdn Court-house, Va. The Unionists, after 
a stubborn fight, fell back to Culpepper. General Gillrnore heavily re¬ 
inforced. Fight at Bible Ridge, near Greenville, East Teun.; the rebels 
tvtreated to Henderson. 

Hlh.—d’he rebel General Chalmers, with 5,000 men, attacked the gar¬ 
rison at Colliersville, Tenn., and drove them into the fortifications. A 
detachment of the Idth Regulars, with General Sherman, arrived during 
the tight, and, combining with tlie garrison, drove the rebels off with 
lieavv lo.s.s. The Union lass was 2(> killed, 50 wounded, .and 20 nii.ssing. 
IMeade retreated from the Rapidan, followed by Lee. General Kilpat¬ 
rick, covering the refiv'at, was surroiiinled by a portion of ICwell’s corps, 
ainl was compelled to cut his way out, w'hich he did, with the loss of 150 
men. Three men, lately engaged in burning the steamboats on the Mis¬ 
sissippi, were arrested at Hernando, Miss. The steamer Union ca)>tured 
the blockade.-rnnner steamer Sjialding, from Nassau, with a valuable 
cargo. Four reliol colonels \vere also on board. The rebels again at- 
t.aeked at Henderson, and fell back to Bristol, Tenn. Their loss in the 
two d.ays’fight w'HS over .300 killed and wounded. The propeller Donro 
captured by the Nansemond, and burned. She had been taken before, 
and sold <‘i.s a jirizo. The British .schooner Friendship, loaded with nin- 
nitions of war, ca])tured otf Rio Brazos by the United States steamer 
Teiine.ssee. 

12th.—Shelby and Coffee’s guerrillas reached Booneville, Mo.; they 
plutniered tlieliou.ses and towns on their route. At this place they met 
the Union forco.s, who defeated ami drove them toward Sedalia and Lex¬ 
ington. A detachment at Dugford, Mo., shared the same fate. 'J'hi-y 
were brought to a stand by (Jeiicral Brown, viitii the Mis.souri militia, at 
Merrill’s Crossing, eight miles from Marshall, ]\Io. The skirmishing 
la.'^ted till dark ; IG rebels were khlc<J. Colonel Hatch overtook and 
attacked Chalmers at Byhalia. The fight lasted two hours, and resulted 
in the defeat of the rehc'ls, with the loss of .50 killed and wonnded. They 
fled to the ’i'allaliatehie, 30 miles. Fight at Snlpur Sj)rings, Tenn.'; 
j'ebels routed, after a fight of nearly two hours. Union loss, 40 killed ami 
100 wounded. 

indi.—Chalmers driven across the Coldwater. Colonel Hatch had 
fliiother fight with him, now reinlbrcefl, at Wyatts, on the 'I’allahatchie, 
and again defeated him ; 75 ]>risoners and ,300 rifles were taken. The 
town was de.stroyed. (ioneral Brown utterly ilefeatcd Shelby’s guerrillas 
at Marshall, Mo., capturing their artillery and a large, portion of their 
train. Fight at Bulltown, West Va.; 155 men of the. (ith and nth West 
Virginia Rt'giment.s defeated, after a fight of twelve hours, a force of 8O0 
guerrillas, killing and wounding 50 or GO; Union loss slight. Skirmish 


HISTORY OF THE WAR. 


126 


[Oct., 1863. 


on the Bi> Black, 18 miles below Vicksburg; rebels defeated, losing 16 
killed and wounded. Union loss, 1 killed. 

14tli.—General Foster reported that General Wistar’s second expedi- 
tion destroyed 150 boats and schooners, and captured 80 cattle and 24 
prisoners. Battle at Bristow Station, Va. —Lee .attempted again to tuiu 
Meade’s right flank, but the movement was resisted by the 2d Corps, 
assi.sted by a portion of the 5th. The fight was very sevei'e. The rebels 
lost 400 killed and wounded, 450 prisoners, 2 colors, and a battery. _ Jeff 
Davis i.ssued an address to Bragg’s army, in which he claimed a victory 
at Chickamauga. Fight near iSlbunfsville, East Tenn.; rebels defeated, 
and driven toward Saltville. Three locomotives and 34 cars were cap¬ 
tured. Rebel loss, 8 killed, 26 wounded, and 10 captured ; Union loss, 5 
wounded. 

15th.—General Meade’s army reached the neighborhood of Manassas. 
General Grant assumed command of the military division of the Missis¬ 
sippi, comjirising the Departments of the Ohio, Cumberland, and Ten 
nessee ; head-quarters in the fieM. 

16th.—The Army of the Potomac remained in line of battle all day at 
IManassas. The rebel agents conscripted with blood-hounds in Missis¬ 
sippi. 

17th.—President Lincoln called for 300,000 more men, to be drafted 
January 5th, if not sooner raised by volunteering. The rebel army at¬ 
tempted to cross Bull Run at Union SIills, Mitchell’s and Blackburn’s 
Fords, but were driven back by the Federal artillery. Rebel loss, KX) 
killed and wounded ; Ptnion loss, 2 killed and 24 wounded. General Sul¬ 
livan’s scouts captui'ed 30 rebel cavalry, with their horses, arms, etc., at 
Martiusburg, Va. Guerrillas active between Washington and the army 
lines. Skirmrsh at Stuart’s, near Chantilly, Va.; six Federal pickets 
captur'ed. 

18th.—General IMcPherscn had a sharp skirmish with rebel cavalry at 
Canton, Miss., and captured 200 prisoners. Lee commenced his retreat 
to the Rapidan. General Imbode.n surprised and captured the garrison 
in Charleston, Va.; 500 men, besides a quantity of supplies, were taken. 
The rebels lost 5 killed and 20 wounded. 

lOfh.—Skirmish at Thoroughfare Gap, between Lee’s rear-guard and 
Buford’s cavalry ; after four hours’ artillery fighting the cavalry charged, 
and drove the enemy in confusion. Lee’s army crossed the Rappahan¬ 
nock at Rappahannock Shition. General Rosecrans relieved, and wa.s 
succeeded by General Thomas, in command of the Army of the Cum¬ 
berland. Fight at Buckland’s Mills, Va., between Kilpatrick’s and 
Stuart’s forces ; Union loss about 100. 

20th.—Lee retreated. IMeade in pursuit. General Sherman’s advance 
whip|)ed Wheeler’s cavalry at Barton Station, Tenn. Skirmish at Chero¬ 
kee Station, Ala., between the .5th Ohio Cavalry and the rebel cavalry. 
The rebels were defeated, losing 6 killed and 13 wounded ; Union loss, 
2 killed. 

21st.—The rebels attacked Colonel Woolford at Philadelphia, Tenn.. 
and captured his wagon-train .and battery of mountain howitzers. Rich¬ 
ardson’s guerrillas jfiundered the towns of Columbia and GreensVuirg, 
Ky. 2,500 men of the 15th Corps, under General Osterhaus, encountered 
5,000 rebels, under Tjoring and S. D. Lee, at Cherokee Station, Ala.; the 
fight lasted an hour and a half, when the rebels fled, and were driven into 
their intrenchments at Tuscumbia. Union loss, 100; rebel loss, 300. 
General Franklin occupied Opelousas, La., after a sharp engagement 
near the town. The Nansemond drove ashore at New Inlet, Wilming¬ 
ton, N. C., the Venu.s, one of the largest and swiftest of the block.ade- 
runners. She had a valuable cargo. 

22d.—Richardson’s guerrillas plundered B.ardstown, Ky., and burned 
the depot and a train of cars. 60 FederaLs, under Captain Bunch, de- 


Nov., 1863.] 


HISTORY OF THE WAR. 


137 


feated 200 of Hawkins’s guerrillas, at Columbia, Tenn., killing 9, wound¬ 
ing several, and taking 12 prisoners. The “Ladies’ Ram’’ran out of 
Mobile. The Genesee fired two sliots at her, and the Colorado three, 
when she turned and put back. 

24th —Major-Gener.'d Butler ordered to thecommand of the 18th .Vrmy 
Corps, and the Department of Virginia and North Carolina, General Fos¬ 
ter being relieved. 

25th.—The rebels driven beyond the Pweet-water, Tenn. ; the fight 
was a desperate one. Rebel loss, over 300 ; Union toss nearly the same, 
and a battery of artillery. At Pine Plnf, Ark., 4,0(K> rebel cavalry, under 
Marinaduke and Cabell, attacked Colonel Clayton’s command, 7uu strong, 
but, after a short and severe fi^ht, were driven oft', losing 3uo killed and 
wounded ; Union loss, 11 killed and 33 wounded. 

26th.—A party of North Carolina and Georgia Union refugees, about 
600 strong, mak'ing their way to East Tennessee, were attacked at Warm 
Springs, Buncombe County, N. C., by a detachment of the 25th North 
Carolina Regiment. The reVicls were badly whipped, and forced to re¬ 
treat to Asheville, N. C. The rebels lost 6 killed and 30 wounded. The 
Unionists tinally Joined the Union forces in East 'I’ennessee. Bkirrnish 
near Bealton is'tation, Va. ; the Unionists, alter a sharp fight of several 
hours, were forced to retire to the lines near Georgetown; being rein¬ 
forced, they compelled the retreat of the rebels. Heavv bombardment 
of Forts Sumter, Moultrie, and Johnson. General Hooker's command 
left Bridgeport, Tenn., to clear tlie railroad of rebels, and to open tiie 
communications to Chattanooga. He was successful. 

27th.—General W. T. Sherman appointed to command the Department 
and Army of the Tennessee, and General John A. Logan to command 
the 15th Army Corps. Shelby’s guerrillas driven out of Missouri. 
McNeil drove them across the Boston Mountains. Three Greek-fire 
shells thrown into the center of Charleston from the Morris Island bat¬ 
teries. 

28th.—Colonel Caldwell, with 700 Federal troops, occupied .\rkadel- 
phia. Ark., driving out the rebel rear-guard, and capturing several hund¬ 
red pri.soners. 

29th.—The rebels attacked General Hooker’s position at Wauhatchie, 
near Lookout iMountaia, at 2 A. M., but, after two hours’ severe fighting, 
were repulsed, and driven across Lookout Creek. Hooker lost 350 ofii- 
cers and'tnea killed and wounded, and took many prisoners, and 1,000 
Enfield rifles. Lieutenant-Colonel Shively, with the 1st Middle Tennes¬ 
see Infantry, attacked Hawkins’s guerrillas at Piney Factory, Tenn., and 
routed them, pursued them to Centerville, where they made a stand, 
and were again defeated. The rebel loss was 20 killed and 66 wounded ; 
Union loss trifling. 

30th.—General Boyle, commanding the Di.strict of Kentucky, seized 
all the corn along the line of the Kentucky Central Railroad for the use 
of the service, and prohibited the s.ale of any by the farmers to any but 
the Government. The sea-face wall of Sumter crushed in, burying 13 
men of the 12th Georgia and 25th South Carolina Regiments. Union 
meeting at Fort Smith, Ark., at which it was resolved that Arkansas 
should oe a free State after the war. 

ai.st.—A conspiracytorelea.se the prisoners in the Ohio Penitentiary 
and Camp Chase and McLean Barracks came to light. Six of the lead¬ 
ers were arrested. Union meeting at Little Rock, Ark. 

NovF.MiiER 1,1803.—1,600guerrillas, under Newsom .and Faulkner, com¬ 
mitted gre.at depredations between Union City, Term., and Columbus, 
Ky. Collision on the Opelousas Railro.ad ; IG soldiers killed and 65 
wounded. Union cavalry reach Florence. Ala., on a raid. 

2d.—Newsom’s and Faulkner’s guerrill.is entered .’ilayfield, Ky., robbed 
and jilundored stores and citizens, and destroyed the railroad. General 


m 


PISTORY OF THE WAR. 


[Nov., 18(3. 


Banks’s ftxpeditlon to Texas landefl on Brazos Island. UnsTiccftssfnl 
attenij)t to carry Fort Siunter by assault by a boat expeditiou I'roni the 
fleet. 

.'Id.— Baffle of Grand Cofcau. —The rebels, having received information 
from deserters of the strength and position of the Union forces, attacked 
in force at TJ o’clock to-day. General Burbridge’s division, the ailvanco 
of General Washburne’s force, encamped at Bnyou Boubeau, five nhle.<» 
from (irand Coteau, near Opelousas, La. The Unionists were compelled 
to yield to sujierior numbers, and were driven about a mile, when a new 
line was formed. Being reinforced by General McGinnis’s division, tha 
Unionists advanced again, but the rebels fled, first plundering and burn¬ 
ing the captured caihp. The Unionists occupied their old camj)iiig 
ground. The rebel force was 7,b<)0 strong, under Dick Taylor and 
Greene, and lost about 120 in killed and woumled, and 2(X) jirisoncrs. 
The Union force was 1,(>00, under General Burbridge, and lost 20 killed, 
121 wounded, and 500 missing. The rebels, under (lhalmers, attacked 
Colliersville, Tenn., but, after a brief but sanguinary tight, were repulsed 
by Colonel Hatch and his commaml. The rebels lost several prisoners, 
among whom was General Gfairy and staff. Major Fitzgibbon and 120 
men of the hUh IMichigan Infantry overtook the combined guerrilla 
force of Kirk, Cooper, Williams, and Scott, near Lawrenceburg, Term., 
and, after a severe hand-to-hand fight, defeated them. Robed loss, 8 
killed, 7 wounded, and 21 captured ; Union loss, 3 men wounded and 
8 horses killed. 

4th.—General Banks’s force landed at Brownsvdle, Texas, and occupied 
the town and Fort Brown, driving the rebels through the streets, "^fhe 

f uns of the fort had been thrown into the river, and part of the town 
urned by the garrison. 

5th.—Colonel Hatch returned to Colliersville, Tenn., having driven 
Chalmers across the Tallahatchie. 

(>th.— Baffle of Lewiithnrtj, Va. —A detachment of General Averill’s cav¬ 
alry, under General Duftte, attacked the reltels under General Patton, 
and defeated them, capturing 3 guns, lOo prisoners, and a largo number 
of small arms, etc. Rebel loss in kiWed and wounded estimated at .350. 
Buttle of Droop Mountain. —The rebels under Jackson defeated by Gen¬ 
eral Averill’s cavalry. Fight on French Broad River, N. C., between a 
party of North Carolina Unionists and a rebel force sent to intercept 
thetn. The rebels were defeated. Many rebels deserted during the 
fight. 

7th.—The rebels attacked General Burnside’s outposts at Rogersville, 
Tenn., 00 miles from Kno.xville, and captured 3iX) men of the 7th Ohio 
Cavalry and 2d East Tennessee Infantry and 4 guns, and retreated, fear¬ 
ing General Shackelford, who was in the neighborhood. Rebel loss, 2 
killed and 8 woinnled. General IMcade eominenced his forward move¬ 
ment from Cedar Run. The .‘5d and (ith Corps cro.ssed the Rap])ahannock 
at Rappahannock Station and Kelley’s Ford, and, after a spirited eng.age- 
rnent, took the rebel rifle-pits and ISO prisoners and ooo Enfield rrtles. 
The rebels lost besides, 100 killed and 300 wounded ; Federal loss, 370. 
Over 1,'JOO prisoners, 4 guns, ami 8 battle flags were tak(m in this forward 
movement. The rebels destroyed the Jilemphis and Charleston Rail¬ 
road at IMiddleton, endeavoring to interrupt communications with the 
Army of the Cumberland. 

8th.—Considerable fighting and skirmishing in the advance of Meade’s 
army on the south bank of the Rappahannock. The rebels retired 
across the Rapidan. Culpepper, Va., oecnpied Viy General Meade. 
Banks’s expedition in possession of Brazo.^, Bienville*, and Point Isabel. 

Olh.—Fight on the I.ittle Tennessee ; rebels repulsed, with the loss of 
50 killed arid U) ])visi)nevs. 700 more prisoners captured near Culpepper, 
Vu. The steamer Allen Collier burned by guerrillas below Helena, Ark, 






Not., 186.T] 


HISTORY OF THR WAR 


129 


she was loaded with cotton, and was valued at ;^.']0,0on. Captain Barthel- 
oinew, of the >i;unhoat Eastport, was ca|)tiire<I on I)oard. 45 of the yth 
Arkansas cavalry drove Wirt Adams’s cavalry from Itover, Ark. Rebe» 
rai<l on Bayou Hara, l.a. 

loth.—The advance of Buford’s cavalry, consisting of the 3d Indiana 
and t^th Illinois l•;^v•alry, under Colonel Clendennmg, attacked and de¬ 
feated a tody of rebel infantry near (hilpepper, Va.; rebel loss, <» killetl, 
11 wounded; Union loss, :{ killed, 8 wounded. J^onr large .steamers, 
bloidcade runners, have lately been captured oil'Wilmington; one was 
loaded with ;!0,n(»u Etifield rifles, ammunition, and clothing; the original 
cost of itnother cari^o w.as Siion,(i(Hi. Rebel privateer .Alabama burned, 
off Sumatra coa.st, the ship Winged Racer, 1,770 tuns, loaded with sugar 
and hemp. 

1 Ifh.—Rebels concentrating on the south hank of the Rapidan. Bom¬ 
bardment of Sumter and the investment of Charleston continued favor¬ 
ably. 

liith.—Plot discovered among the relrel refugees in Canada; the object 
being to release the, rebel jn'isoners on Johnson’s Island, and burn Buffalo 
and other lake cities ; Major-iieneral I>ix was ordered to Buffalo. Skir¬ 
mish nearCumberlaiKl Cap, in Virginia; rebels defeated and scattered; 
11 rebels captured, 2 Unionists kille<l and 4 woumled. 

13th.—Government received .advices that the French Government had 
prohibited the building of the rams for the relads. 13fh army corp.s, 
(feneral Washburne, lelt Brashear City, La., for Texas, via Berwick’s Bay. 
Rebel foray aero.«s the Potomac at Etlvvard’s Ferry. 

nth.—tieneral Johnston placed in command of Bragg’s army by the 
reVicI (Government. Longstreet crossed the Tennessee at Loudon and 
advanced against Burnside, who fell back to Lenoir’.s, toward Knoxville; 
considerable .skirmishing all day. Losses about 250 on each side. Banka 
c.'iptiires (forpiis Christi Pass. 

1.5th.—General Wheeler attacked .and captured portions of 2 or 3 cav¬ 
alry regiments, numbering al»out 3uo men, at .Maryville, on the Ilol.ston, 
3 miles from Knoxville. .A small i)arty of raiders, belonging to Captain 
Beall’s gang, of the rebel navy, were captured by the post-guard at 
Ih umniomlton, !•'. S. Md. Captain Beall and his wdiole party were after¬ 
ward taken by a coasting vessel. General Ilurlbnt j)lace<l Memphis dis¬ 
trict under martial law, and restricted trade. Rebel iwivateer Alabama 
burned, off Sumatra, the bark Contest, 1,008 tons, loaded with teas, cot¬ 
ton, and rags. 

loth.—General Sherman’s army formed a junction with the forces at 
Chattanooga. General McNeil, at Fort Smith, issued orders that he 
would hang a guerrilla nri.soner for every cutting of the telegraph wires. 
Burnside fell back on Knoxville, jiressed by I.ongstreet. A tight took 

C lace at Camphell's Sta/ioa, lasting from late in the niorning until dark; 

nion loss about 250 killed and wounded. Skirmishing near Mt. Jack- 
son, Va. 

17th.— Knoxville beeieged. Longstreet advanced to Knoxville; Burnside 
formed line of battle round the town, and heavy skirmi.shing took place. 
ConsideratJe excitement in regard to the condition of the Union pris¬ 
oners at Richmond; the Government sent them provisions, clothing, 
and medicines, which were distributed by the rebel authorities. Charles¬ 
ton shelled daily ; 10 shells thrown in to-day. Oillmore occupied Sea- 
brook Island. Arkansas City, Texas, surrendered to the Union forces; 
100 prisoners .ami 3 giuns were taken. 

18th.—f'ight renewed at Knoxville. Losses yesterday and to-day 
about 150 killed and wounded. A reconnoitering party of the rebels, at 
Beverly FonI, charged ufmn the Union pickets, and wounded 70 of the 
18fh Pennsylvania cavalry. General Banks’s occuiGation of the Texas 
toast brought 250,000 bales of cotton into market. British brig Dashing 


130 


niSTOKY OF THIS WAR. 


[Nov., 1863, 


Wave captured by the New London while going into the Rio Grande; 
she had a cargo of clothing and nieclicines, and S7(X),00U in gold. The 
proposition of tieueral llit(;hcock to relieve the rebel Government of 
their jirisoners l)y receiving tliern on parole, and to continue to feed and 
clothe the Confederate prisoners in our hands, was this day declined by 
Mr. Quid, the Confederate Agent. General Ransom’s command of Gen¬ 
eral B.anks’s army captured a rebel fort, a company of artillery, and a 
squadron of cavalry, on Mustang Island, Texas, without the loss of a 
man; one rebel was wounded. .Skirmish at Germania Ford, Va. 

Ittth.—National Cemetery at Gettysburg, Penn., dedicatetl by Presi¬ 
dent Lincoln. Fighting at Knoxville ; Burnside reported safe. A recon- 
noitering party under Captain Conger, of the dd Virginia cavalry, toward 
Sperryville, Va., captured 2.1:2 cattle, 14 horses, and 15 herdsmen. A de- 
hachmentof the 5th and 2d Illinois cavalry attacked Faulkner's guerrillas 
in West Tennessee, killed 7, captured 5;i men, :i.'i horses, and a lot of 
equipments and .ctore.s; 1 Federal wounded and 5 horses killed. 

20th.—Rebel steamer Banshee, from Nassau, with a cargo of great 
value, captured otf Port Royal. A reconnoitering party of Federal cav¬ 
alry captured nearly the whole of the Gth Te.xas, near Vermillionville, 
La. At I.ake Tasso, La., the Federal cavalry, under General Lee, and 
Cameron’s brigade of infantry, surrounde'l a rel)el camp and captured 
the whole of the 7th Texas cavalry, exce{)t tlie Colonel, Major, and two 
privates; 1 Federal was wounded. iMosby’s guerrillas, in Union uni¬ 
form, attempted to capture the forces at Bealtoa’s station, but were dis¬ 
covered in time. 

21st.—.Vrniy of the Potomac occupied Madison Court-house. Dick 
Taylor, at the tnouth of Red River, fired into the steamer Black Hawk. 
It is supposed he wished to capture the steamer to cross the river to reii> 
force Bragg. 

22(1.—Heavy artillery fight between Forts Gregg .and Wagner and rebel 
Batteries Bee and Simkins and Forts .Johnson and Moultrie. Bombard¬ 
ment of Sumter and Charleston continued. Knoxville closely investeti 
by Longstreet; part of the city burned. 

*2;Jd.—General Thomas pushed out a reconnoitering force from Chatt.a- 
nooga, consisting of Sheridan’s and Wood’s divisions of the 4th corps, 
under immediate command of General Granger. The tight opened at 2 
o’clock, P. .AL; the rebel rifle-pits were carried, as well as some knolls, 
called Bald Knob, in front of the left, and half-way to Mission Ridge; 
200 prisoners were captured ; Union loss. 111 killed and wounded. Bald 
Knob was fortified. General Washburne’s .advance encamped at Cedar 
B.ayou, opposite iMatagorda Island, Texas. 

24th.— l<tor)ui>tg of Lookout 3louuiuin. General Gr.ant’s army made a 
demonstration against Bragg’s position at Lookput Mount.ain. General 
Sherman, at daylight, crossed tlie Tennessee, at the mouth of the South 
Chickamauga, and carried the North end of IMission Ridge; General 
Hooker moved up Lookout Valley, and turned the rebel left, formed 
line of b.attle, three miles in the rear, and moved to the assault; the fight 
lasted from S A. M., to 5 P. M.; the rebels were driven into their works 
at the summit of the mountain. Part of this Ivattle was fought “above 
the clouds.’’ 700 prisoners were captured. A sortie was m.ade by the 
garrison at Knoxville, which succeeded in driving the rebels to their orig¬ 
inal position, and destroying their works; 10 men were lost. Colonel 
Long’s command left Chattanooga on an expedition to the rear of Bragg'a 
army. 

25th.—Bragg abandoned Lookout Mountain and General Hooker took 
possession. Capture of Mission iiiihje. General Sherman made two un¬ 
successful .assaults upon the rebel po.sition in front; the rebels m<a.ssin£j 
heavily ag.ainst him weakened the center; perceiving which, General 
Grunt, at ti o’clock, started two columns against the rebel center and 


Not., 1863.] 


niSTORV OP THE WAR. 


131 


b-oke it; the main l)ody was dnven toward Sherman, who opened on 
llieiii, wiien they broke again aiul tied in conlhsion toward Ringgold. In 
tins battle, the divisions of Wood and Slieridan were ordered to carry 
Mie nlle-jiits on tiie slope of tlie ridge at all iiazanls, bnt so elated were 
lliey, that tliey riisited on and carried the crest of the ridge without 
orders. At 6 o’clock V. M. the battle closed. The Union losses in the 
capture of Lookout .Mountain and Mission Ridge were about 500 killed 
and g,5(Hj wounded ; l ebel loss, 2,(XI0 killed and wounded and 7,000 juis- 
oners, 02 pieces of artiller}’ and 7,iH>o small arms. Longstreet, with three 
brigades, atiacked one of Buinside s brigades, in a strong jiosition, three 
miles from Knoxville; after a lianl fight the reliels were rejailsed, with 
i loss of 150 men. 8(Xt Federal cavalry, under (ieneral J.ee, attacked the 
ith Texas and 2d l.ouisiana rebel cavalry, and drove them from Camp 
Pratt to within 4 miles of Vermillionville, La.; the rebels broke under a 
eaber charge, and I otlieer and 00 men were captured ; 8 were killed and 
I * number w ounded. Colonel I.on^’s command captured and destroyed, at 
Chickainaug.i Station, tr,!., a valuable train of 100 v^agt>ns, belonging to the 
rebels; a paymaster’s chest, with S8U,ouo in rebel currency, was among 
the trophies; large quantities of ammunition were destroyed, 'i’hey 
then marched to Cleveland, Tenn., where they surprised the garrison, 
who tied; they destroyed the railroad for 15 miles, and a large rebel 
foundry, with large quantities of munitions of war. A portion of the 
command was sent to Charleston, 'i'enn., w here they had a brisk tight, 
and destroyed the railroad lor about 12 miles, and rejoined the mam 
command atCleveland. Ceneral Washburne occujiied Matagorda Island. 
Colored troops active in North Carolina. 

‘25th.—Reliels evacuated .Mission Ridge last night, retreating easterly, 
•nd closely juirsued by the victorious Fedei als. Ceneral Hooker entered 
Ringgold at 5 P. IM. to-day. Bherman crossed the Chickamauga; he caji- 
I Hired 500 pri.soners, 4 guns, and a number of pontoons. Colonel Long’s 
' •omrnand, at Cleveland, was attacked at 5 A. M ; they fought for 2 hours 
%nd fell back to Chattanooga, where they arrived at 8 P. M., with 355 
prisoners, 400 mules, and 4 battle-tlags. l.ongstreet recalled from before 
niioxville. Wheeler, w ith G,<H)0 cavalry, attacked the garrison at Kings- 
• Am, under General Mott; the tight lasted 7 hours, and resulted in 
Wheeler’s defeat, with a loss of 25o killed, woundeil, and jirisoners ; he 
ibandoned 8 pieces of artillery on his retreat; Union loss 1 killed and 2 
bounded. Army of the l^otomac cros.sed the Rapidan in three columns, 
sneountering bul little opjiosition. Cavalry tight in the advance, in which 
file Federals lost 2i"»o men. 

‘27th.—Bragg’s army demoralized, and in retre.at on Dalton. Palmer’s 
advance, near Dalton, took 4 guns and 300 prisoners. Guerrillas routed 
near Maysville, Ky.; 17 captured. Army of Potomac moved from the 
Itapidan at 5 o’clock, A. M., in line of battle; at 1 o’clock skirmishing 
commenced, and at 4*/^ o’clock the 3d corjis, on the left, became heavily 
engaged. The rebels finally fell back to Orange Court-house. Union 
loss estimated at 300 killed and wounded ; 4oo jirisoners were captured. 
Mosby captured jiart of one of General IMeade’s trains near Brandy 
Station Va.; he burned 30 wagon.s and took 112 mules and 20 horses. 

28th.—.John Morgan and 5 of his officers escaped from the Ohio Peni¬ 
tentiary this morning, between 2 o’clock and daylight, by tunneling tho 
wall of the pri.son. Army of the Potomac pressed forward in line of 
battle on the Orange and Fredericksbur" I’ike, toward Orange Court¬ 
house, skirtnishing heavily all the time. It reaelied Locust Grove, Rob¬ 
ertson’s Tavern, and Mine Run, wlufl'e they found the rebels strongly 
intrenched on the east of the run. 72 10-inch shells were fired at Sum¬ 
ter to-daj' from Fort Greg". A force of 3(X) guerrillas was disjiersed near 
Louisville, Lee County, Va., by a force of 200 Federal cavalry, under 
Major Beam; 21 rebels were killed, 16 wounded, and 21 captured; W 




132 


HISTORY OF THE WAR. 


[Dec., 1863. 


horses nnd 100 stand of arms taken: Union loss, nothing. Sherman’s 
command ordered to reinforce Burnside. A rebel battery was discovered 
behind the Moultrie House, Charleston Harbor, built while a hospital 
flag was flying from the roof. 

2'Jth.— Assault on Fort Sanders. Two of Longstreet’s brigades made a 
desperate assault on Fort Sanders, one of the defenses of Knoxville, but 
were repulsed with a loss of 1,000 killed, wounded, and piisoners, and .3 
battle-flags; Union loss at the assault, 4 killed and 7 wounded. United 
States gun-boat Kanawha captured the schooner Winona, w hile running 
out of Mobile. She had a cargo of cotton, resin, and tobacco. 

30th.— Battle of Locust Grove] or 3Iine Hun. After a smart cannonading 
by the siege-tr.ain, an attack was ordered on the rebel works. Gener.al 
SVarren, with the 2d Corps, came upon a heavy force of the rebels in a 
strong position, when he halted tind asked instructions ; the run was 
found impassable, on account of the boggy nature of the ground; the 
advance was then checked, and all finng ceased. General Foster 
reached Cumberland Gap. General Washburne, after several days’ 
skirmishing, captured Fort Esperanza, IMatagorda Hay, Texa.s; the 
garrison blew' up the magazines and escaped, except 6, who were taken 
prisoners; 9 guns were taken; XTnion loss, 1 killed and 4 woun<led; 
o men were wounded by the explosion of the magazines. General Hurl- 
hut. at Memphis, ordered all merchants, not having authority to trade 
in military goods, to send their stock north of the lines. Gene'ra[s Sher¬ 
man and Granger moved with their commands from Chattanooga to the 
relief of Knoxville. Cleveland, Tennessee, occupied by Fedenal forces. 
Mosby captured a Federal wagon-train at Brandy Station, destroyed .30 
wagons, and captured a number of horses and piisoners. liragg fell 
back to Dalton. 

December 1, 186.3.—General Hooker evacuated Ringgold, Georgia, 
first destroying mills, bridges, and the railway toward Chattanooga. 
Army of Potomac recrossed the Kapidan and fell back to the H.appahan- 
nock. The Richmond IV'/xV/, in an editorial, calls on President Davis to 
reconstruct his cabinet, that his present one h.as flailed to give the coun¬ 
try the qu.antum of wisdom that it requires, that abler men c.an be found 
in the Confederacy for their places ; it said : “We have a Department of 
Btate that has not been able, in nearly three years, to establish relations 
with other States; a Treasury Department that has failed to keep its 
finances from running to ruin ; a War Dep.artment in the hands of a 
chief whose whole .studies and course of life have been purely and pe¬ 
culiarly civic; a Navy Department without a navy; .a Post-office Depart¬ 
ment with a very shackling system of mails ; a Department of .Justice— 
vacant.” General Hurlbut. at Memphis, ordered all persons offering 
goods for sale in his de|)artment to take the oath of allegiance or leave 
the department. General Washburne occupied P.ass Cavallo and Fort 
Esperanza, the defenses of Matagorda Bay, Texas ; this capture cleared 
the entrance to IMatagorda Bay, and gave command of Saluria, Port La- 
Vacco, Matagorda, and Victoria. 

2d.—The last portion of the statue of Liberty was raised on the dome 
of the Capitol. Two of Morgan’s captains, who escaped from the Ohio 
Penitentiary, captured near Louisville, Kentucky. Government and 
other supplies, for Union prisoners in Richmond, forwarded from Fort¬ 
ress Monroe by General Meredith. Battle at Walker's Ford, East Tennes~ 
tee. General Foster’s adv.ance cavalry engaged Longstreet’s cavalry, 
at Walker’s Ford, on the Clineh River, near Cumberland Gap, Tennes¬ 
see; after considerable hard fighting, during which the rebels attempted 
to. cross the river, the rebels were repulsed, losing 2 guns. Guer¬ 
rilla raid on IMount Sterling, Kentucky; court-house and a large amount 
of v.aluable property burned and destroyed. General Sherman’s re¬ 
lieving column reached Loudon, Tennessee, General Howard in advance; 





1^, 1863.] 


HISTORY OF THE WAR. 


133 


the rebels here ran an ammunition train of 40 cars and 2 locomotive.^ 
into the river; the command under General Vaughan escaped during 
the night, destroying the bridge. 

3d.—Bra"g .succeeded by Hardee in command of the rebel army in 
Korthern Georgia. Fight at Moxcow, Tennessee. Chalmers, with 3,0(K) or 
4,000 men, attacked the forces at Wolf River Bridge, near Moscow, Ten¬ 
nessee, but was driven back by Colonel Hatch’s brigade; rebel loss, 
about 100; Union loss, 3 killed, 41 wounded. Sherman’s cavalry reached 
Knoxville. Indianola, Texas, occupied by General Fitz Henry Warren. 
General Hascall had a fight with the forces of General Longstreet, on the 
Ilolston, near Knoxville, Tenn.; the rebels were repulsed with consid¬ 
erable loss. 

4th.—Large frauds di.scovered in the Quarterma.ster’s Department at 
Alexandria, Virginia. Longstreet raised the siege of Knoxville, and 
inarched toward Virginia. Hattie at Moscow, Tennessee. Between 4,000 
and 5,tKX) rebels made a desperate attack on Mo.scow, Tenne.s.see, but, 
after a contest of two hours, were repulsed by Colonel Hatch’s cavalry 
brigade and the 2d IVest Tennessee Colored Troops; rebel loss, 19 
killed, 100 wounded; Union loss, 8 killed, 20 wounded; the rebels car¬ 
ried otf 100 horses; for their conduct in this engagement, the colored 
troops received the thanks of M.ajor-General Hurlbut. General Sher¬ 
man's army cros.sed the Little Tennessee at IMorgantown. Fight on the 
Clinch River with Longstreet’s forces. 

5th.—General Sherman’s army reached Maryville, Tennessee, and 
halted, Longstreet having retreated. Granger’s "command was ordered 
to join Burnside in the pursuit of the rebels. 

Gth.—General Sherman at Knoxville. Iron-clad Weehavvken sunk in 
Charleston Harbor during a gale; 30 of her officers and crew were 
lo.st b}' this accident. United States gun-boat Aries, Lieutenant Devens, 
captured the blockade-runner Ceres while trying to get into Wilmington; 
she was English Tiuilt and cost §250,000, and was intended for a rebel 
privateer. 

7th.—Thirty-eighth Congress met; Schuyler Colfa.x, of Indiana, elected 
Speaker of the House. General Sherman placed in command of the 
troops in East Tennessee. Confederate Congress met at Richmond, V'a.; 
JefE Davis’s message was very despondent; he urged a mass conscrip¬ 
tion. Seizure of the Chesapeake. At 1 o’clock A. M., one Henry Osborne, 
a coast pilot of St. Johns, New Brunswick, and 15 others, seized the 
steamer Chesapeake 20 miles north-north-east of Cape Cod; they had 
shipped at New York as passengers ; the second engineer, Mr. Shaffer, 
was killed, the captain and crew placed in irons, and the pirates took the 
vessel toward St. .lohns. President Lincoln issued a proclamation fora 
thanksgiving for the victories in Tennessee. A detachment from Gen¬ 
eral Kelly’s command, under Colonel Wells, moved from Beverly, 
Virginia, to co-operate with Averill’s raiding party in South-west Vir¬ 
ginia. 

8th.—President Lincoln issued a proclamation of amnesty to rebels 
who would lay down their arm.s. 15 citizens, chiefly returned soldiers, 
routed the guerrilla band of Colonel Martin, near Great Western Fur¬ 
nace, Stewart County, Tennessee, capturing all their hor.ses, clothing, 
and arms; 3 rebels were killed. The steamer Von Phul fired into at 
Bayou Sara, La., by a rebel battery of C and 12-pounder.s, killing Cap¬ 
tain Gorm.an of the boat, and 3 of the crew, and wounding 4 jiassen- 
gers; the battery was silenced by a gun-boat near. General Grant 
and his army thanked by the President for their late victories in 

9th.—Blockade-runner Minna, with an assorted cargo, captured off 
Charleston, by the Circassian. Longstreet’s army, in its retreat from 
Knoxville, reached Eogerstille; in his retreat Longstreet abandoned hia 


134 


HISTORY OP THE WAR. 


[Dec., 1863. 


eiege-train of 6 guns, after burnins thecarriage?; thegnns were captured 
by the Union troops. General Lohg.street’s army was innch demoralized, 
and he is reported to liave lost 3,lKX) men by desertions and captures. 
Rebel General E. W. Gantt pardoned by the President. Colonel McNeill 
encountered the rebels, (!00 strong, 2 miles beyond Princeton, Arkansas, 
and routed them, killing 8 and wounding 18, and caj)turing 3 officers and 
2o men. 

jOth.—Army of the Potomac went into winter-quarters. Skirmishing 
with Longstreet’s rearguard at Rutledge, Tennessee. Colonel Garrard’s 
cavalry whipped Sam. Jones’s rebel brigmle at Morristown, East Tennes¬ 
see ; losses not reported. Kirby Smith reported at Camden, Arkansas, 
with 15,000 men. Expedition into St. Andrew's Bay, Florida. 'J'he United 
States steamer Bloomer arrived in St. Andiew’s Bay, and took on board 
Ensigns Russell and Hicks, Surgeon Page, and 40 men from the Restless, 
and went into West Bay. Elizabeth City, North Carolina, occupied by 
General Wild’s colored brigarle. 

11th.—Gun-boats opened tire on the salt-works in West Bay; Ensign 
Russell and 43 men landed and destroyed considerable property; an¬ 
other party, under Ensigns Hicks and Cressy, lauded, moved along the 
beach, and continued the work of destruction until nightfall, the gun¬ 
boats firing an occasional shot. Robert Quid, Confederate Ag^nt of Ex¬ 
change, in a letter to General Meredith, declined to receive any more 
provisions from the North for the Union pri.soners; he alleged the per¬ 
sistent vilification and abuse the Confederate authorities received from 
Northern journals, in regard to the manner in which they have kept their 
pledges to distribute these things, as the motive for this course. Mr. 
Eoote, in the rebel House, violently attacked the administration of Jeff. 
Davis, characterizing it as corrupt; he offered various resolutions in- 
iiuiring info the abuses in the various departments of the army, and 
clo.sed his remarks with the charge that the Presidentj^ (Davis’s! visits to 
the army were always followed by disaster. Heavy bombarament of 
Kumter; the fort took lire about 9 o’clock, from some unknown cause, 
and destroyed a considerable amount of ammunition, killing 10 men 
and wounding 30 others. Georgetown, South Carolina, destroyed by the 
Confederates' 

12th.—Colonel Watkins, with a force of cavalry, made a dash into this 
town, drove out a large force of rebels, and captured G signal officers 
and G5 men, and a large number of horses and mules. The severe gale 
in Charleston Harbor sweiit aw.ay some of the rebel obstructions. Guns 
and ammunition buried hv the rebels dug up on the beach at Fort Put¬ 
nam, Charleston Harbor. The Richmond Examiner, of this date, charged 
the rebel Government with imbecilitv, and called for a change in the 
management of affairs ; it said; “The reign of imbecility has caused 
the subjugation and enslavement of half the territory and half the pop¬ 
ulation of the Confederate istates, <luring the ]>ast two years, and w’lll 
consign the remaining htilf to the same fate during the two years to 
come.” The destruction of the salt-works in St. Andrew’s Bay, Florida, 
kept up until noon, when the party visited the salt-works belonging to 
the rebel government, and guarded'by three companies of military; the 
rebels were driven off and the works completely destroyeif ; 199 private 
works were destroyed, besides the government property, the whole 
reaching in value about ? 3 ,t) 0 u,(KK»; during the.«e operations Captain 
Brovyn, with the Restless, destroyed the town of St. Andrews, the 
head-quarters of rebel troops, so completely that not a house was left 
standing. 

13th.—700 rebels attacked the guard at Cedar Creek Bridge, near 
Catlett’s Station, Virginia, with the intention of severing IMeade’s 
communications with Washington; they were defeated and driven off. 
A detachment of the 20th Peiinsylvania Cavalry, while on a scout, de* 


Dec., 18C3.] 


HISTORY OP THE WAR. 


135 


stroyed an iron foundry at Edinburg, Virginia; a portion of the com* 
mand under Colonel Wells liad a severe skirmish at Strasburg, Virginia; 
30 rebels were taken prisoners. lilorgan crossed the Tennessee at 
Bridge's Ferry, near Knoxville, narrowly escaping capture; a portion of 
his escort, among them Captain Hines, were Uiken; Hines afterward 
escaped. 

14th.—General J. G. Foster, assumed command of the Army and De¬ 
partment of the Ohio. General Wi.'^tar reported that Colonel West’s 
command of cavalry surprised and destroyed a rebel camp and cap¬ 
tured 90 rebels, 50 horses, etc., at Charles City Court-house, Virginia; 
Union los.s, 2 killed, 6 wounded. Battle at Bean Station, Euxt Teniiesitee. 
Longstreet turned upon his pursuers under Shackleford and a sharp 
fight en.sued, lasting from 2 P. M. until dark; the Federal forces fell 
back to Tazewell; Union loss rejwrted at 700 killed and wounded and 
prisoners; rebel loss admitted by General Gracie, who was wounded and 
captured, at 900; during the engagement Longstreet sent a portion of 
his command to Kelly’s Ford, on tlte Holston, to get in Shackleford’s 
rear, but they were checked by General Ferrero. Slierrnan’s command 
fell back to the line of the Hiwassee. The rebel battery at Waterj>roof, 
on the Mis.sissippi River, which had been firing into steamers, was at¬ 
tacked by tlie gtin-boats, and IG rel>els killed, and several wounded and 
captured. Everett’s guerrillas defeated near Pound Gap, Kentucky, and 
a number of horses and prisoners were taken. 

15th.—General Gillmore continues his bombardment of Charleston, 
throwing shells into the city at intervals; 14 were thrown in this morn¬ 
ing; Sumter quiet. 200 reliel prisoners in Louisville military prison 
attempted to e.scape, but their jdans were di.scovered. 

Kith.—Congress pa.‘^sed a resolution of thanks to Major-General Grant 
and the officers and men under his command, and voting him a gold 
medal. Morgan reported as being in Richmond, Virginia. Demand 
made on the State Department for the claim of the Chesapeake from the 
Kova Scotia authorities, under the extradition treaty. The Richmond 
Examiner of to-day denounced the new conscription act introduced into 
the rebel Congress, which provides for a conscription en mntse, the Pres¬ 
ident being allowed to make details for agricultural pursuits, .as .an effort 
to create Jeff. Davis a dictator. Gener.al Butler commis.sioned to nego¬ 
tiate for exchange of pri.soners with the rebel government. Steamer 
Chatham, block.ade-runner, captured off Doboy Sound by the gun-boat 
Huron ; she h.ad on board a v.alliable cargo, among which were 290 bales 
of cotton. Averill's Itaid. General W. W. Averill, with a force consisting 
of the 2d, 3d, 4th, and 8th Virginia Mounted Infantry, 14th Pennsylvania, 
and Ewing’s battery, reached the Tennessee and Virginia Railroad at 
Salem, where he destroyed the railroad for 15 miles; 5 bridges, 3 large 
depot building.”, and an imrnen.^e quantity of stores were burned. The 
magazine at Vorktown, Virginia, blew up and destroyed property valued 
at Si,ou0,000. Skirmish at Blair’s Cross-roads, East Tennessee ; Federal 
troops fell back to Tazewell with .some little loss. R.aid of 1st (Union) 
North Carolina Regiment through Cherokee and Clay Counties, North 
Carolina, destroying a vast amount of stores, etc. 

17th. — Averill's liaid. General .4verill left Salem on his return. Steamer 
Che.«apeake recaptured by the Ella and Anna, in Sambro Harbor, 
Novia Scotia; three of her rebel crew were captured ; the D.acotah came 
up and ordered the Chesapeake into Halifivx. Mosby, with 700 rebel 
cavalry, m.ade a raid on the Orange and Alexandria Railroad, near Fair¬ 
fax Station, Virginia; the guard, consi.sting of Company I, 115th New 
York, repulsed them four times, when, being flanked and overpowered, 
the Unionists retreated, losing 2 wounded and 1 captured ; rebel loss, 
10 or 12 wounded and I captured. The guerrillas active near Washing- 






HISTORY OF THE WAR. 


136 


[Dee., 186S. 


ton City. Standwaite, with about l,r.00 rebels, attacked the outposts of 
Fort Gibson, Indian Territory, but was repulsed. 

18th.—Skirmish l^etween the 6th United States Colored Troops and 
guerrillas at Sandy Swamp, North Carolina; guerrillas routed; 4 Fed- 
erals killed. Averill's Raid. General Averill, on his return I'rom Salem, , 
Virginia, was surrounded bv the forces of Generals Eai-lv, Imboden, 
Jones, Fitz Lee, Jackson, Echols, and McCaustin, near Jackson’s River 
Bridge, but having captured a courier from Jones to Early, he learned 
their position and succeeded in eluding them, gained the bridge, and 
escaped; Averill’s command “marched, climbed, slid, and swam 355 , 

miles in 16 days;’’ his loss was 6 men di’owned, 1 officer and 4 men 
wounded, and 4 officers and 10 men missing; he captured 200 pris¬ 
oners and 150 horses. Colonel Streight and his adjutant escaped from 
Libby Prison, Richmond, but.were recaptured and brought back and 
placed in irons. 

19th.—Chesapeake’s pirates rescued from the Nova Scotian govern¬ 
ment officers by citizens of Halifax. 

20th.—Lee’s army in winter-quarters. Captain Spillman, with a force of 
Indiana troops, defeated Standvvaite, Adair, and QuanjtreH’s rebels at 
Barren Fork, Cherokee Country; after several hours’ severe fighting, the 
rebels were completely routed, losing 70 men. Captain Hine.s, of John 
Morgan’s command, escape<l from the guard at Kingston, Tennessee. 

2lst.—Great Western Sanitary Fair, at Cincinnati, opened; General 
Rosecrans, President. Wheeler’s rebel cavalry made a dash to w ithin 
3 miles of Chattanooga, and captured 3 pickets and 8 stragglers. , 
The Virginia Legislature, at Alexandria, Virginia, passed a bill call¬ 
ing a convention to consider the subject of abolition of slavery in 
that State. Averill’s command arrived safely in Pocahontas County, 
Virginia. 

22d.—Congress passed the bounty-pay bill, appropriating $20,000,000 for i 
that purpose. An expedition of all arms left Union City, Tennessee, 
under command of Brigadier-General A. J. Smith. Expedition under 
General Seymour sailed from Beaufort for .Jacksonville, Florida. Gen¬ 
eral Corcoran fatally injured by a fall from his horse, near Suffolk, Vir¬ 
ginia. 

23d.—Colonel Prince, of General Grierson’s command, encountered 
Forrest near Bolivar, West d'ennessee, but finding the rebel force much ' 
superior to his own, he sent to Lagrange for reinforcements, meanwhile 
holding them in check; at night the Federals fell back to Somerville, 
the rearguard skirmishing all the time; 8 rebels were killed and j 
w'ounded. The 29th Pennsylvania Volunteers, the first to re-enlist as 
veterans, arrived in Philadelphia on furlough, amid great enthusiasm. 
Extensive salt-works destroyed at Bear Inlet, North Carolina, without a 
particle of loss to the Union forces. General Ullman’s command, chiefly 
colored troops, left Port Hudson, Mississijipi, and moved up Red River. I 

2.tth.—Luray, Virginia, burned by F’ederal troops. 

25th.—Fifty of Forrest’s rebels,' a colonel, a major, and a chaplain, 
captured near Pulaski, Tennessee, by General Dodge’s mounted in¬ 
fantry. Major Wilson, with 200 men of the 3d Cavalry, (Missouii State 
militia), attacked Reeves’s guerrillas 17 miles south-west of Doniphan, 
Ripley County, Missouri, about 3 o’clock P. Iff., and defeated them, 
killed and wounded 35, captured 115 prisoners and 125 horses, with all 
their equipments, ammunition, stores, etc., and rescuing all of their 
comiades, (about 50), who had been taken by Reeves, a few days 
previously, at Centerville. General Gillmore shelled Charleston with 
20t)-pounders; the city was fired in several places. Gun-boat Mar¬ 
blehead was attacked at 6.20 this rnonhng by a rebel battery at Stono 
Inlet; 3 of her crew were killed and 4 wounded ; the Pawnee and C. P. 
Williams w'oiit to her relief, and the combined tire of the 3 boats 




Dec., 1863.] 


HISTORY OF THE WAR. 


137 


com]>elled the rebels to retreat at 7.30 A. M., leaving 2 guns. 
Colonel^ Prince, being reinlbrced, advanced against Forrest at S<Mner- 
ville, Tennessee; he drove tiiem in iront, but .soon found himself 
surrounded and compelled to cut his way out, which he did with a loss 
of 2 killed, 8 wounded, and 28 cafdured. General McCau.stin, the Choc¬ 
taw chief, and several other Indian leaders, surrendered to General 
McNeill, at Fort Smith, Arkansas, to avail themselves of the President s 
anjnesty. 

26tli.—Charleston almo-st de.sertod, except by the military; the city 
was gradually being destroyed; a large quantity of stores belonging to 
the Confederate Government were destroyed to-day. . A party of rebel 
spies, who represented themselve.s as refugees, and who had enlisted in 
the 47th Pennsylvania at Charlotte’s Harbor, Florida, attempted to lead 
a small scouting party of Federals into an ambuscade, but their designs 
were penetrated and the party returned to the boats. British Govern¬ 
ment authorities at Cape Good Hope seized the rebel steamer Tu.scaloosa 
at Simon’s Bay, for violation of the neutrality laws, and on the ground that 
she is a United States vessel illegally detained by the pirate Semmes. 
An exchange of 500 prisoners ettected at City Point, Virginia. 

27th.—General Joseph E. Johnston assumed command of the Confed¬ 
erate forces at Halton, Georgia. Attempts have been made to seize 
other vessels in the same manner as the Chesapeake. 10,000 revolvers 
were found packed in 50 barrels of lard on board tiie Circassian; several 
parties were arrested and sent to Fort Lafayette. General Gregg de¬ 
stroyed a large quantity of rebel {iroperty at Bealton, Virginia. 

28th.—Large rebel mail cajitureu at Baltimore. Exchanged Union 
prisoners arrived at Fortress Monroe from City Point, Virginia. Skir¬ 
mish at Charleston, Tennessee, at the crossing of the Hiwassee ; Wheel¬ 
er’s command captured, at this jioint, a supply-train bound from Chat¬ 
tanooga to Knoxville; Colonel Long immediately started with his force 
fit for duty, (150 men), in pufsuit; he cut off a portion of the rebel col¬ 
umn, charged it, and captureil 120 prisoners, including 5 commissioned 
officers; the balance fled ; Union loss, 15 wounded, of which one be¬ 
longed to Colonel Long’s command. Rear-Admiral Bailey reported to 
the Navy Dejiartment the result of the West Bay and Lake Ocola ex¬ 
pedition; 27 buildings, 22 boilers, 200 large kettles, and 5,000 bushels of salt 
were destroyed at West Bay ; all the salt-works for a distance of 7 miles, 
l‘J8 establishments, over 100 buildings, 27 wagons, 5 large flat-boats 
were destro 3 'ed, together with the town of St. Andrews; the loss of tho 
rebels was estimated at $.8,000,000. Richmond authorities refuse to ne¬ 
gotiate further with General Butler for the exchange of prisoners. 

29th.—A body of Union troops which landed on Matagorda Peninsula, to 
cut off rel^l pickets, were attacked by 800 or 1,000 rebel cavalry; the gun¬ 
boat Granite City fired 140 shells before they were driven otf. An expe¬ 
dition under Colonel Wells, 34th Mas.sachusetts, co-operating with Gen¬ 
eral Averill’s raiding party, returned to Harper’s Ferry without the loss 
of a man; he brought in over 100 prisoners, 100 horses, ete. At Ilarri- 
fionburg, Virginia, Colonel West’s command narrowly escaped capture 
by Stuart’s and Ross’s forces. 

30th.—The North Carolina Times said a 85 gold-piece sold at public 
pale, at Danville, Virginia, a few daj’s ago, for $150 in Confederate cur- 
loncy; the same paper indorses Lincoln’s proclamation, and advises 
the people to accept it; it also indorses the sentiment from the Rich¬ 
mond Whig that “ slavery has stabbed itself to death, it has sinned 
against the light, it has committed the unpardonable sin, and must die 
tlie death.” The Raleigh Standard and Raleigh Progress also indorsed 
the proclamation, and were very severe on the Davis Government, 
^.hooner Leon del Milo, under Mexican colors, captured near Padre 
Island, coast of Texas, liaring on board a large assorted cargo, among 


138 


HISTORY OV THB WAR. 


[Jafl., 1861, 


%vhich vas a quantity of percussion-caps; she had neither log-book nor 
papers. Price and Wannuduke reported at Kockport, Arkansas, with 
t),(JOO to 7,000 men. A secret expedition lett Is'ew Urleans ; supposed to 
be against Mobile. The rebels, aided by a steamer on the inside, re¬ 
newed the attack on the Union troops on Matagorda Peninsula; the 
gun-boats protected the Union troops, and during the evening the rebel 
vessel got ashore and was tired by her crew. Skirmish near St. Au¬ 
gustine, Florida, between a small Union loragin^^ party and Dickenson’s 
rebel cavalry, in w hich Lieuteirant Walker, the Union commandant, and 
25 of his men, were killed. 

31st.—An expedition under Colonel McChesney, of the 1st North Car¬ 
olina, which leit New bern on the 30th, overtook the rebels near Wash¬ 
ington, North Carolina; both parries were sunirised ; the Unionists 
charged and routed the rebels, killed 1 officer and 5 men, and captured 
10 men, 1 gun and caisson, and horses of a battery; Union loss, 1 officer 
killed and 5 men wounded. 

Januauy 1, 1864.—The new year dawned on a field prosperou.s, in the 
main, to the Federal arms. Defeats there have been, but they were but 
temporary in their efiects, and have resulted in no substantial suc¬ 
cess to the Confederates. Territory has been gradually wrested from 
them, and wherever the Federal flag has been planted it has jiermanent- 
ly remained. The victories of Vicksburg and Port Hudson opened the 
arteries of the West, and the impulsive heart of that region throbbed 
with a wilder joy. Attempts have been made to obstruct the navigation 
of the Mississippi, but a few shots from a Federal gun-boat have been 
an ett'ectual stop to such operations. The sturdy defense of Knoxville 
loosened the grasp of Longstreet and redeemed the ever loyal, freedom- 
loving East Tennessee, otone Piver, Lookout Mountain, and Mission 
Kidge opened the gateway of Georgia, and taught the rebels how utter¬ 
ly futile it is to resist the advancing hosts of Federal bayonets. West of 
the Mississippi Kiver, Arkansas is virtually under the Federal Hag, and 
there is no considerable force of rebels in the State. Louisiana, too, has 
been reclaimed, and the same victorious banners which floated defiance 
in the interior now cast their shadows across the Kio Grande. In the 
East the situation has not been materially changed. The Kapidan in¬ 
stead of the Rappahannock is now dividing the hostile armies, but with 
their discipline and efficiency in no wise diminished. The losses on 
both sides have been great, but the resources of the North are yet ample, 
while the South is nearly a waste, depenuent upon precarious blockade¬ 
running for many of the sinews of war. 

A scouting i)urty of Cole’s Maryland cavalry, (75 men), under Captain 
Hunter, were attacked about 10 A. M., near Rectortown, Virginia, by a 
force of 500 to 700 cavalry Ifom General Rosser’s brigade ; the Unionists 
fought until 56 men were either killed or captured ; the remainder got 
back to cam p at Harper’s Ferry. Emanci pation celebration in New York, 
and at Beaufort, South Carolina. A scouting party under Colonel Lowell, 
2d Massachusetts Cavalry, surprised and routed a campof Mosby’s guer¬ 
rillas at Haymarket, Virginia, and captured 35 prisoners; many rebels 
were killed and wounded; Union loss, 1 killed and 1 wounded. 

iJd.—Steamer Jewess, with 200 hogsheads of sugar and a hold full of 
cotton, sunk in the Ohio, below the Falls. 

Jd.—Rebel General Reilly, with 5,000 men, Imboden’s, Fitz Lee’s, and 
other commands, in the Shenandoah Valley; supposed for a raid. 
Archbishop Hughes died in New York at 7>i^ P. M. Sam. Jones, with 
4,000 men, made a descent on a small body of Union troops numbering 
280 Illinoisans and IS of Neil’s Ohio battery, stationed near Jonesville, 
East Tennessee; a desperate resistance w'as made, lasting from 7 A. M. 
to 3P. M., when the Unionists surrendered, having 30 killed and about 
the same number wounded. A train of 200 animals was captured by 700 


Jan., 18G4.] 


HISTORY OF TUB VTAJL 


139 


rel:^! cavalry, near Petersburg, West V'irginia; the guard, 150 strong, 
detended the property as long as they could, but were tiually compelled 
to yield ; the rebels then advanced toward New Creek, but Colonel Mul¬ 
ligan was ready for them, and they, finding their progress checked, 
finally withdrew. 

4th.—$7,000,000 in Confederate bonds and treasury-notes, a large num¬ 
ber of tools, dies, plates, etc., seized by the United States Marshal in 
New York City, (jovernor Bramlette, of Kentucky, issued orders to 
military commanders throughout the State to arrest 5 rebel sympa¬ 
thizers in the vicinity for every loyal man taken otf by the guerrillas. 

6th.—Navajo Indians routed near Fort Sumner, Indian Territory; 40 
were killed and 26 wounded. 

Ctli.—Rebel Colonel Hall and a squad of rojjjpls attacked Lieutenant 
Gre bel and a detachment of the 3d Arkansas Cavalry, en route to Fort 
Smith, Arkansas; the rebels were routed and Colonel Hall and 9 men 
caftured. Skirmish in Yell County, Arkansas; a Lieutenant and 15 
rebels taken. Colonel Christopher Carson and 400 men left Fort Canby 
for Canon de Chilly on an expedition against the Navajoes ; at the same 
time with Colonel Carson Captain Pfeitier entered the canon at the op¬ 
posite end ; they met in the center, having accomplished their object— 
the removal of the Navajoes. 

7th.—Honorable Caleb B. Smith, Judge United States District Court 
and late Secretary of the Interior, died at Indianapolis. Governor Brad¬ 
ford, of Maryland, in his message to the Legislature, expressed himself ' 
in favor of the emancipatioji of the slaves of that State. Attempted 
raid by General Early on New Creek, Slartinsburg, Petersburg, and 
Cumberland, a failure on account of the bad condition of the roads, which 
prevented the bringing up of his artillery. Union forces, after 4 days 
skirmishing, fell b;ick from Bean Station, East Tennessee, with a loss of 
2u0 men and a few wagons. Federal troops occupied Madisonville, Flor¬ 
ida. The Treasury Department sanctioned a plan by which the inhab¬ 
itants within the lines of the Army of the Potomac should receive the 
necessaries of life. 

8th.—General A. J. Smith’s command returned to Columbus, Ken¬ 
tucky, from the expedition to Jackson, Tennes.see, against Forrest; no 
rebels were found. Rebel authorities at Richmond gave a grand recep¬ 
tion to General Morgan on his arrival there. Blockade-runner steamer 
Dove was run ashore, near the Georgetown light. South Carolina, by the 
Montgomery and Aries; the party sent to burn her, in attempting to re¬ 
turn, sw'amped the boat.s, and 28 of them were taken prisoners; the Dove 
had landed some prominent rebel naval officers, (ieneral J, G. Foster, 
commanding the Department of Ohio, issued an order that all rebel of¬ 
ficers or soldiers captured in his lines, in the Federal uniform, should 
be shot to death. General Fitzhugh Lee, with 3 brigades from 
General Early’s command, attempted the capture of the garrison at 
Petersburg, West Virginia, but retreated without accomjilishing their 
object; an empty wagon-train was captured by a portion of the rebel forces. 

9th.—Ice in Lake Erie rendered Johnson’s Island no longer secure 
against the rebel prisoners, and a larger force was stationed there to pre¬ 
vent an escape. The notorious guerrilla chief, McCown, and three of'his 
men were taken near Sperryville by the Foresters (New York cavalry). 
The Newbern (North Carolina) Times of this flate said the people of that 
State were ripe for revolt again.st the Richmond government. 

lUth.—Major Cole’s battalion of Maryland cavalry was attacked at 4>^ 

A. M., by Mosby, with 4U0 men, on Loudon Hights, in Loudon County, 
Virginia; in an hour’s fighting, Mosby was defeated and routed, leaving 
his dead and wounded; Union lo.ss, 2 killed and 11 wounded. Great 
masses of the Charleston harbor obstructions washed a.shore at Morris 
X*iaad. Bombardment of Charleston still continues; half the town la 


140 


HISTORY OP TUB WAR. 


[Jan., 1864. 


destroyed. Rebels defeated in a cavalry fight at Strawberry Plains, East 
Tennessee. Quantrell, with 1,500 men, reported at New Carthage, below 
Vicksburg, desirous of crossing the river to operate with Forrest. 
Arkansas Union State Convention commenced its session at Little Rock; 
John McCoy, President; 1. T. White, Secretary. 

11th.—Major-General Curtis assigned to the command of the Depart¬ 
ment of Kansas. At a sale of confiscated rebel property to-day, Arling¬ 
ton Rights, the property of General Lee, was bought by the Government 
for :?26,»00. About a dozen armed guerrillas plundered Hickman, Ken¬ 
tucky ; there were no troops there. The Richmond Enquirer of to-day, 
in a desponding article, said: “Where are we drifting? The debates 
and proceedings of Congress furnish occasion'ior painful solicitude; thev 
evince panic rather than Uie cool and grave deliberation becoming such 
a body. The proposition of the special committee to ta.x the present 
value of the Confederacy to the amount of $700,000,000 should be en¬ 
titled an act to sell out at public auction, for taxes, all the re.al estate 
of the Confederacy to peojde who have speculated ami accumulated 
fortunes by the war.” General Banks issued a proclamation for an 
election of civil officers of the State of Ijouisiana, to lake place Feb¬ 
ruary 2'i, and for a convention to amend the Constitution of the State, to^ 
be held April 1. A party of guerrillas, in Federal uniform, captured 
near Lewisburg, Arkansas. 

l'2th.—Heavy seizures, in Washington City, of rebel property for confis- 
“cation. North Carolina (rebel) troops .sent to the rear, as the Generals 
could not trust them on picket duty in the front. Colonel McCook’s 
cavalry attacked the 8th and 11th Texas, in Eivst Tennessee, killed 14, 
and captured 41 of them. Major-General Butler, in a letter to Mr. Ould, 
Confederate Exchange .\gent, intimated that neither his Government 
nor himself recognized any right of declaration of outlawry of any 
officer or soldier of the United States; and, also, that if his flag of truce 
was not respected, all communication by that channel should ce.ase and 
the reponsibility be thrown on the Confederate authorities. Generals 
Burnside and Hancock ordered to increase their commands to the num¬ 
ber of 50,000 each, for special service. General Munson, with 300 in¬ 
fantry and 130cavalry, left Point Lookout, Virginia, fora raid into West¬ 
moreland, Northumberland, and Richmond Counties, Virginia. 

13th.—Gen. Sherman arrived at Memphis. Wm. A.White, army contract¬ 
or, sentenced to pay a fine of $3,uo0 and be confined two years, for neglect 
of duty, in delivering inferior haversacks. Fight at Maijfield, Kentucky. A 
small detachment of -Federal mounted infantry were attacked by 35 
guerrillas; after a short conflict the Unionists were overpowered and 1 
killed, 1 wounded, and 8 captured; rebel loss, 6 killed; the prisoners 
were afterward retaken by a party under lacutenant Murphy, who had 
orders to destroy all rebel property in the vicinity, unless they were 
given up. Three blockade-runners have lately been destroyed at Wil¬ 
mington, North Carolina; in attempting to haul off one, (an iron vessel), 
the steamer Iron Age got ashore and stuck fast; she was fired and blowm 
up. Rebels concentrating a small force in the neighborhood of Port 
Hudson and Baton Rouge. Several important prizes have been taken on 
the coast of Florida within the last few days. 

14th.—-Meade’s army fell back toward Fairfax, Virginia. Brigadier- 
General Terry, commanding 3d Brigade, 6th Army Corps, assumed com¬ 
mand of Sandusky and Johnson’s Lsland, Ohio. Skirmish at Three-mile 
Station, O. & A. Railroad, Va.; rebels routed; 3 killed and 12 wounded; 1 
Federal killed, 1 wounded, and 1 captured. Brigadier-General Mason’s 
expedition of 300 infantryand 150 cavalry returned to Point Lookout from 
..ti extensive raici of 3 days into Westmoreland, Northumberland, and 
Richmond Counties, Virginia; an extensive tannery and a large amount 
of leather, hides, and a large quantity of grain, etc., was destroyed { 


Jan., 1864.] 


HISTORY OP THE WAR. 


141 


Be\’eral bridges were burned, and 25 pri.soners, 80 horses and mule.s, and 
other stock were taken. A party of guerrillas surprised at Cedron Cave, 
near Clinton, .Arkansas, by a party of the itd .Arkansas. Gun-boat Union 
captured the rebel steamer Mayflower, loaded with cotton, at Savastota 
Pas.s, Florida. 

loth.— 1,000 barrels and boxes have been sent from Baltimore to Union 
prisoners in Uichmoml. 

Kith.—The Arkansas delegation, to take measures to restore Arkansas 
to the Union, arrived in Washington. Rebel General Vance made a dash 
at Louisville, Tennessee, and captured 23 wagons ; Colonel Palmer pur¬ 
sued him, recaptured all the wagons, and took another loaded with 
medicines, 100 horses, 100 stand of arms, and captured General Vance 
and his adjutant-general. 'I'he Arkansas State Convention, at Little 
Rock, adopted a new Constitution, abolishing slavery, to be submitted to 
the people. General bturgis drove the rebel j)ickets out of Danbridge, 
Tennessee. 

17th.—General Sturgis fell back to Strawberry Plains; the rebels pur¬ 
sued, when he ordered Colonel McCook to charge upon them, which 
routed the rebel forces; the skirmishing and figtding lasted from day¬ 
light to 4 P. M.; Union loss, 150. The garrison at Fort Morgan, Mobile 
Harbor, revolted, hoisted the Federal flag, fired on the rebel gun-boats, 
and drove them off; at night troops were sent down from Mobile, who 
captured the entire garrison but 4, whcrescaped; 70 of the ringleaders 
were afterward condemned to be shot. 

18th.—The United States Senate p.assed a resolution of thanks to 
Major-Generals Hooker, Meade, Banks, Burnside, Howard, and the 
officers and men of their armies. The new enrollment bill pa.ssed the 
Senate; the list of exemptions was con.siderably lessened. Intelligence 
from Is'orth Carolina stated that the rebel conscription act was creating 
great consternation and excitement in the western parts of that State, 
and prej)arations were being made to resist it. General Sturgis fell back 
toward Knoxville, abandoning at Strawberry Plains 800cattle, 500 wagons, 
several hundred barrels of flour, and large quantities of other stores, all 
of which were captured by the rebels. The Richmond Whig of this 
date, in speaking of the state of society in the Confederacy, said: “ Pa¬ 
triotism is dea<l; corruption and fraud stalk in high places ; the finances 
are in rums; food is nearly exhausted; extortion and speculation rule 
supreme; not a particle of statesmanship is displayed ; Congress has 
gone mad ; civil liberty is threatened at the hands of the friends of the 
Chief .Alagistrata; civil ability has perished; military talent is rapidly 
waning; and, what is worse than all, the people are begrutlging food ana 
clothing to their sons who arc fighting, and have given them.selves up, 
the men to drinking and the greed of gain, and the women to paint and 
exposure of their persons.” 

l«*th.—Two companies of Canadian troops stationed at Windsor, 
Canada West; supposed in consequence of a projected raid on Johnson’s 
Island. Skirmish at Ru.ssellville, blast Tennes.see. 

20th.—President Lincoln, in behalf of the Arkansas delegation, issued 
Instructions to General Steele, commanding the department, to order an 
election for a State Government in that State on the 28th of March. St. 
Prancisville, Louisiana, destroyed by Union gun-boats. Unsuccessful 
attempt to burn Jeff. Davis’s house in Richmond. The Mobile Enquirer 
stated that there were 2tX),000 stragglers from the rebel army. 

2 i 9 t.—The Raleigh (North Carolina) Standard, speaking, e«litorially, of 
the rebel conscription act, warns the Richmond Government against the 
efforts to enforce it in that State ; that the people of North Carolina will 
arise in their majesty and assert their sovereignty, and, in convention 
assembled, declare their liberties and their privileges. The subscrip¬ 
tion to the 6.20 loan closed to-day, the whole amount, §500,000,(XK), 


142 


HISTORY OP THE T7AB. 


[Jon., 1864» 


having been subscribed. General Foster prohibited the distillation of 
grain in the Department of the Ohio. Skirmishing in front ot tlie Army 
of the Potomac. Seven hospital buildings belonging to rebels Wei'S 
burned at Camp Winder, near Kichmond, Va.; a large quantity of cloth* 
ingand commissary stores were destroyed. Rebels captured the steamer 
Lilly Martin and took her up the Arkansas River. Rebels made adem- 
on.stration at Strawberry Plains; Union troops fell back in the direction 
of Knoxville. 

2‘2d.—General Rosecrans placed in command of Department of Mis¬ 
souri. Generals Marmaduke, Fagan, and Shelby advanced against Pine 
Bluff, with three separate coliNims of rebel troops; Marmaduke was 
attacked, but held his ground; I'agan was defeated ; Colonel Clayton, 
after marching forty miles in twenty-four hours, attacked Shelby’s col¬ 
umn of 800 men, and routed them and drove them seven miles. Gov¬ 
ernor Murphy, Lieutenant-tiovernor Bliss, Secretary of State White, the 
provisional otticers of Arkansas, inaugurated at Little Rock. 

23d.—General Stoneman issued an order that all rel>el soldiers caught 
in Federal uniform should be instantly shot; that otticers surprised by 
such parties would be dismissed, and privates court-martialed. Ar¬ 
kansas State Convention adopted a free-state constitution, to be submitted 
to the people. Two Mississippi regiments attempted to desert from the 
rebel army on the Potomac, but were overpow ereil and detained. Skirm¬ 
ishing in East Tennessee between Longstreet and the Federal cavalry. 
Restrictions on trade in Missouri and Kentucky removed by the Secre- 
retary of War. A brigade of rebel cavalry alteiiipted to cross the 
French Broad River at various fords, twenty miles above Knoxville, but 
were driven back by the Union forces. Wirt Adams’s cavalry captured, 
near Natchej, Mississippi, 30 prisoners, GO wagons and teams, 80 negroes, 
and a lot of cotton. 

24th.—General Roddy driven across the Tennessee; all his trains, 200 
head of cattle, GOO sheep, 100 horses and mules were taken. General 
Butler issued orders that no more white women or children should be 
received through the lines, except w ith proper passes from head-quarters 
or Head-tiuarters Army of North Carolina, but that all able-bodied men 
would be received and reported at head-quarters. This order was in 
consequence of the rebels sending their women and children northward. 
An expedition, under General Graham, up Jame,s River, captured a largo 
amount of provi.sions, bonds, specie, tobacco, jewelry, etc., and a blocK- 
ade-runner heavily laden, the whole valued at 5^20,UUU; 9'J negroes and 29 
rebels were also taken. Gener.Hl Smith’s command, Gth Division, IGih 
Corps, left Columbus for Vicksburg, to form part of General Sherman’s 
army. 

2oth.—Corinth evacuated and the Memphis and Charleston Railroad 
abandoned by the Federal troops, who concentrated at Memphis, prepar¬ 
atory to a movement forw ard. General Forrest, w ith GOO men, crossed the 
Tennessee this morning, and attacked the Union garrison of 100 men at 
Athens, Alabama, but after a two hours’ tight, was defeated; 5 rebels 
killed, and a number wounded and captured ; Union loss, 10 wounded. 

2Gth.—An ex[)edition from Newbern, North Carolina, routed a Ibrce of 
rebel cavalry m .James and Onslow Counties; 23 men and their horses 
Were captured; 150,000 to 200,000 pounds of ])ork and a large amount 
of other stores were destroyed. Captain Samuel Black, A. t^. M. U. S. 
Volunteers, sentenced to pay a fine of i^io.ooo and sutler two years’ im¬ 
prisonment, for defrauding the government and improper conduct. 
Pickets at Columbia, Tennessee, attacked this morning by Forrest’s 
rebels. James B. Clay died at Montreal, Canada. Another unsuccessful 
attempt to rob and burn Jetf. Davis’s house at Richmond. Governor 
Johnson, of Tennessee, ordered an election to be held on the first Satur¬ 
day in March for the various State offices. 


reb., 1864.] 


HISTORY OF THB WAR. 


143 


27th.—Two divisions of rebel cavalry under General Martin, the advance 
of Long.street’s army, attacked General Sturgis yesterday at Fair Garden, 
near Sevierviiie, East Tennessee; he lell back to a commanding position 
this morning, and opened the tight. After a stubborn contest, lasting from 
daylight till 4 F. M., tlie rebels were defeated ; 05 lebels were killed and 
wounded ; 2 steel ritled guns and 100 prisoners were left in the hands of 
the Union troops. Rebels severely whipjied at Florence, Alabama. 
Union lo.ss, 15 killed and 25 wounded. Captain Cady, of 2'ith Mew York 
Battery, cajitured in Tyrrel County, Virginia, 1,00<J sheep an<l 8 jnisoners. 
General Palmer left Chattanooga on a reconnoissance toward Tunnel Hill, 
Georgia; he learned that but one rebel division lay in front of the army ; 
the balance had withdrawn; considerable skirmishing took place. 

28th.—Maryland Eegislature passed the bill submitting to the people 
the question of a convention to revise the constitution of the State. 
Guernllas activ’c in the neighborhood of .Alexandria, Virginia. General 
Palmer pushed forward to Tunnel Hill, Georgia; he drove in the rebel 
pickets, and then fell back to draw out the rebels, who retreated again at 
eight; Union loss, 2 wounded ; rebel loss, 10 killed and 20or 25 wounded. 
Rebels discovered constructing a battery on the south-west angle of 
Fort bum ter, but a lew well-directed shots soon destroyed their work, 
fcteamer Western Metropolis caj.)tured, otf Tortugas, the blockade-ruuuer 
Rosita; the prize was sent to Key West 

2'Jth.—A wagon-train ol bO wagons, With an e.scort of 800 men, under 
Colonel J. W. Snyder, was attacked near Williamsport, Virginia, by 2,000 
rebels ; after a stubborn resistance, the Federals were compelled to retreat, 
leaving most ol their train. Rebel Colonel Hamilton, with 500 men, 
attacked the garrison ol 150 men at Scotlsville, Kentucky; after a des¬ 
perate light, tiie garrison capitulatod ; the rebels then, disregarding the 
agreement made to respect private property, destroyed the court-house 
and all the public documents, becretary of the Treasury opened the 
ports of Vicksburg and Natchez. Ue.serters from the rebels still continue 
to come in, in large numbers, at the various posts of the army. Fort 
Sumter heavily bombarded ; 120 shells struck the lort to-day. bkirmish 
on the Virginia road l.J miles from Cumberland Gap, Tennessee, lasting 
three hours. Colonel Love, with 1,600 cavalry, 400 only of whom were 
mounted, with no artillery, held his position till dark, and then fell back 
a miles to camp. 

30th.—<j!eneral Roseerans relieved General Schofield at St. Louis. 
Colonel 'J'hoburn evacuated Petersburg, We.st Virginia, on account of 
tne movements of General Early against that jdace. General Meade 
sent all his sick to the rear. Colonel Ijove’s command advanced to 
meet the rebels, w ho were advancing in line of battle, 4,000 strong, with 
3 pieces of artillery, toward Cumbeiland Gap; alter considerable sharp 
skirmishing, Colonel Love fell back to within 3 miles of the Gap. 

31st.—Goverer Gamble, of Mi.ssouri, died. A portion of General Gra¬ 
ham’s expedition against the rebels on the Mansemond met with a check 
from a superior force of rebels 4^4 miles from bmithfield, winch resulted 
in a ruruimg fight, hosting from 4 P. M. till dark, the rebels being 
scattered ; the party tiien fell back to bmithfield and camped. 

Febkuaiiy 1.—President Lincoln ordered a draft for 500,000 men, to take 
place the 10th of March, if not raised by voluntary eiili.stments by the 
1st of Jlarch. Thi.s order includeil a former call for 300,(KR), and 2iKJ,000 
additional, JVatioiml House of Representatives passed the Bill reviving 
the grade of Lieutenant-Geneial—06 to 41. Fight in Mew Creek Valley, 
near Burlington, W. Va.; rel>els defeated and driven back two miles. 
Fight at iymMtfiekl, Va. Early this morning Captain J^ee’s party at Smith- 
field was attacked by a heavy force of rebels, w'itb 4 jiieces of artillery; 
they held out against repeated assaults until the arrival of the gun¬ 
boat Smith Briggs, which had been sent for, when they went on 


144 


HISTORY OF THE WAR. 


[Feb., 1863. 


board; the rebels fired on the boat and disabled the boiler; she afterward 
blew up, a portion ot the troops escaping by swiiniiiing ashore. Union 
loss in killed, wounded, and unssiug, about 00; rebel loss much heavier*. 
Attack on Aeivbern, A. C. Uarly this morning tlie rebels, said to be 15,000 
strong, being Hoke’s rebel brigade and Uicivclt’s division, attacked the 
Union outjiostat Bachelor’s Cieek, 8 miles from IS’ewberu ; the Umonints 
fell back before superior numbers, destroying their camp, a lew stores, 
and losing 20 or 30 killed and 200 captured; a section of artillery, 300 
email arms, and a quantity of material were also lost. At the same tune 
the rebels advanced on the south side of the Trent River, but were hand¬ 
somely repulsed, losing 35 k41ed and wounded. Seventy five men, of 
companies Band Fof the 7th Indiana Cavalry, under Captain Shoemaker, 
liad a fight with a picket of 40 men of Forrest’s force, near Lagrange, 
Tenn.; the rebels were defeated and chased 4 miles, losing 2 killed, 1 
wounded, and 10 captured ; Unionists had one horse wounued. A tor¬ 
pedo steamer from Charleston attempted to destroy the gun-bouts Hous- 
atonic and JSeijisic, but she sank in the south channel before reaching 
them ; 8 of her crew' were drowned in her. Colonel Love, at Cumberland 
Gap, advanced, with ail his force, two miles, and had a sharp skirmish, 
twice charging and driving the rebels with heavy loss ; the Union loss m 
these skirmishes was 8 killed, 8 w ounded, and 3 missing. 

2d.—Rosser, with 500 rebels, atteni])ted to destroy the Baltimore and 
Ohio Railroad bridges at Patterson’s Creek and South Branch, but was 
driven off before any great damage was done; Union lo-ss, 40 captured, 
2 killed, and 10 wounued. Luring the pursuit a portion of General iSui- 
livan’s forces met a large body of the rebels at INleclianicsburg Gap, near 
Romney, and a sharp fight took }ilace, w hich resulted in the defeat of 
the rebels; a number of them were taken prisoners. Attack on Jsewbern, 
N. G. Rebels attacked ISewbern; captured and destroyed the Union 
gun-boat Underwriter. A force of Federal cavalry were re])ulsed within 
sight of Fort Totten. Ex-tienator Robert Toombs arrested by General 
Beauregard for alleged treason to the boiith. Rebels broke the railroad 
at Sheppardsville, B. C., drove the Unionists from their works atJNewiiort 
Barracks and across Bewport River. An Anglo-rebel steamer blockaue- 
runner got aground in Charleston Harbor, having run through the block- 
aders, and was destroyed by the fleet. Sherman’s advance lelt Vicksburg 
this evening. Major F. W. Lavidson, with 4UU men, of the 14th Illinois 
Cavalry, and two pieces of artillery, surprised a rebel Indian encampment 
at Leep Creek, near Tuskeegee River, B. C.; 53 were killed; 56 prisoners 
and 80 stand of arms were taken; Union loss small. 

3d.—A band of guerrillas captured, on the Kanawha River, the steamer 
Levi, with General iScammon and a member of his staff on board ; the 
boat was burned, and the officers mentioned carried off as prisoners. 
Longstreet reinforced and concentrated at bevierville. East Tennessee. 
General bteele’s cavalry advance at Benton, Ark., 60 miles south of Little 
Rock. A detachment of 2d M. S. M. Cavalry, under Cajitain bhibley, 
attacked the guerrillas at Holcomb Island, near Cape Girardeau, Mo.; 
7 killed and 8 captured, among whom was Lieutenant John F. Bow lin, 
leader of the Round Top massacre in July last. General Banks issued 
his order lor the leasing and working of the abandoned plantations in the 
Department of the Gulf. Rebel conscription act relentlessly enforced. 
Sherman’s army crossed the Big Rlack at 1 o’clock. 

4th.—Secretary Chase removed restriction on trade in West Virginia. 
Colonel Mulligan overtook Early’s rebel forces at Moorefield, West'V'ir- 

f inia, and after six hours’ fighting, drove them from the town ; Colonel 
lulligan then engaged Rosser’s forces on the south fork of the south 
Brancm of the Potomac. A reconuoitering party, under Colonel Jordan, 
from Bewport, N. C., captured a party of rebel cavalry at Young’s Cross¬ 
roads ; 28 men, 30 horses, and their equipments were taken. 100 men 


Feb., 1863.] 


HISTORY OF THE WAR. 


145 


of the Oth Missouri State Militia, under Captain Turner, returning from 
Batesville, Ark., attacked a force of 250 rebels in Searcy County, Ark., 
ind routed tiiein, killing and wounding a great many ; 70 men, 2u stands 
cfarms, and all their train were captured; 1 man wounded on the 
Lnion side. Steamer Planet, loaded with troops and government stores, 
SLiik in the 3Iississippi, a short distance above ISew Orleans ; no lives 
lost, but nearly all the stores were lost. Fighl at Satarfia, Miss. A detach¬ 
ment of Sherman’s command, under Colonel Coates, and consisting of 
the 11th Illinois Infantry, 4th Illinois Cavalry, and 8th Lousiuna, (colored), 
was sent against Yazoo City. It met no opposition until it reached butar- 
tia and Meclianicsville, where a force of 3,000 Texans tired into the 
transports. Tlie troops were immediately landed, and, assisted by the 
gun-boats, succeeded m dislodging the rebels, losing 0 men killed of the 
lith Illinois and 8th Louisiana; the rebel loss was unknown. Guerrillas 
troublesome on the Mississippi lliver, firing into boats, etc. General 
bherman had asharp tight with the rebels at Ohatupion Hills, Miss., routing 
them ; loss, 15 killed and 30 wounde<l. liesolutions were oti'ered in the 
rebel House of Kepreseutatives, by Wright, of Georgia, for the appoint¬ 
ment of delegates to meet in convention with delegates from the United 
States, to arrange lor a settlement of diti'erences in the war, and looking 
toward peace, by a recognition. U. b. bteamer Beauregard captured 
three blockade-runners m Jupiter Inlet, Fla. 

6th.—A large part of Colt’s tire-arms liictory, at Hartford, Conn., de¬ 
stroyed by lire; siippo.sed to be the w ork of a rebel agent, as the comiiauy 
had heavy contracts tor the government; loss, S'2,000,tth0; 2 lives were lost. 
An expedition, under General Wistar, against Richmond, lelt Williams¬ 
burg at lU A. M. British war .steamer Petrel wished to communicate 
with the British Consul at Charleston, but was refused admittance into 
the harbor by Admiral Lalilgren. Colonel Coates’ expedition occu¬ 
pied Yazoo City, Miss.; the loss of the exj>edition was U killed and 36 
wounded, bherman occujned Jackson, JIiss., at C P. M., the rebels re¬ 
treating across the Pearl River so precipitately that their pontoons, 2 
pieces of artillery, and 6 prisoners were captured. U. S. bteamer He boto 
captured the blockade-runner Cumberland, while attempting to run 
into Mobile; the vessel and cargo were worth $7tX),000 ; valuable presents 
for Jelf. Havis and becretary Mallory were found on board. 

6th.—General bchofield assumed command of the Army of the Ohio. 
Wdstar’s expedition arrived at Bottom’s Bridge at 2)^ A. M., but found 
the rebels strongly })osted, having learned of the advance from a de¬ 
serter; an luisucces.sful attemjit was made to charge the lords; UFederals 
were killed or wounded. Wistar, at 12 o’clock, tell back to I^ew Kent 
Court-house, followed by the rebels, who attacked the rear-guard, but 
were repulsed, with a loss of 300. A scouting jiarty of the 1st Alabama, 
(Union), from Memphis, captured, a few days ago, a party of rebel offi¬ 
cers at a social gathering; 12 officers and 15 horses were taken to Mem¬ 
phis. Federal raid in Bertie County, N. C. Reconnoissance in force from 
the Army of the Potomac across the Rapidan.^ General Kilpatrick’s 
cavalry crossed at the extreme lelt at Ely’s Ford, and scoured the 
country. General Merritt’s cavalry crossed at the extreme right, at 
Barnett’s Ford, and had a brisk skirmish with btuart’s cavalry, and drove 
them to Madison Court-house ; 2U prisoners were captured. The 2d and 
3d Hivisions of the 2d Corjis were to cross from btevensburg, but the 
pontoons not arriving in time, the 2d Hivision tbrded the stream under 
a heavy hre; the fi;^ht continued all day ; Union loss, about 200 killed and 
wounded. General beymour’s expedition, consisting of three^ brigades 
and one light battery, left Port Royal, b. C.,for Jacksonville, Fla. 

7th.—Wistar’s column returned to Williamsburg. An expedition 
against the rebel Thomas and his band of Indians at Tullahoma, Tenn., 
was completely successful; 215 were killed, 50 captured, and the remain- 
10 



146 


HISTORY OF THE WAR. 


[Feb., 1863. 


der scattered ; Union loss, 2 killed and 6 wounded. Rebels again threat¬ 
ened Newbern. General Dick Taylor, with 3,000 troops, attacked our 
forces opposite Natclie?, Miss., but were rej)ulsed and driven 0 miles, witt 
considerable loss. Army ol the Potomac withdrawn from its reconnois- 
sance. General Seymour’s expedition lauded at Jacksonville, Jfla; 
the rebels sunk the steamer St, Mary’s, burned 270 bales of cottoi, 
and tied at its aiiproaeh. 

bth.—National liou.se of Representatives passed a vote of thanks to 
Major-General Sherman and his army lor the march from Memj)hi?to 
Chattanooga and the battle at that place. The expedition of 300 men 
under Colonel McConnel, 71st Ohio, which was sent out from Gallatin, 
Tenn., by General Paine, on 28th of January, returned to camp to-day ; 
they had* been out 11 days, traveled 300 miles, killed 33 guerrillas ; ItU 
prisoners and 100 horses and mules were captured. Large numbers cf 
deserters still continue to come in the lines of the Federal army. Con¬ 
spiracy in Kichmond discovered; the }>lot was to assassinate Jetf. Davis, 
release the Union prisoners, and destroy the government buildings ; 
several persons were arrested. General Dick Taylor renewed iiis attack 
this morning on our forces opposite Natchez, but was again repulsed. 
General Grover has broken up several conscript camps and cajilured a 
considerable amount of property within a circuit of 50 or GO miles of 
Madisonville, La. 

9th.—bupervi.'^ors of New York County appropriated §2,000,000 for 
bounties. Mosby, with 300 men, visited the old Bull Run battle-field 
without any molestation. Jetf. Davis approved the bill of the rebel Con¬ 
gress to prohibit the importation of luxuries and to regulate foreign com¬ 
merce. Generals titoneman and bchorteld arrived at Knoxville, Tenn. 
General SeymoLU'’s advance, under Colonel Guy V. Henry, pushed forward 
into the interior of Florida late last night, jias.sed the rebels in line of 
battle at Camp Finnegan, seven miles horn Jacksonville, surprised and 
captured a battery 3 miles in the rear, at midnight, took 100 prisoners, 

8 pieces of artillery, and valuable projierty to a large amount, and reached 
Baldwin, Fla., at sunrise this morning, without loss ; the rebels at Camp 
Finnegan, 500 strong, hastily retreated on the passing of the cavalry 
column, and the infantry, coming U}), took possession of the camp. Gen¬ 
eral Logan left Huntsville, Ala., about this time, with a column, to co-op¬ 
erate with General Sherman. General yiierman’s army reached Morton, 
Miss. 109 Union officers escape from Richmond. 

loth.—Jetf. Davis issued an addre.^s to the rebel army, thanking them, 
for himself and the Government, for the esteem and regard manifested ' 
in their voluntary (?) re-enlistment. He contrasted this “ spontaneous and 
unanimous otter of your lives for the defense of your country with the 
})altry and reluctant service of the mercenaries who are purchased by 
tile enemy at the price of higher bounties than have ever been known in , 
war.” He also told his army that ” your brave battle-cry will ring loud and 
clear througn the land of the enemy, as w’ell as our own, and silence the 
vainglorious boastings of their coiTupt partisans, and their pensioned 
press.” He closed with a presage of success to the Confederate and i 

downfall of the Union cause. Fight at Lebanon, Ala. Colonel Henry’s ^ 

command of General Seymour’s army came up with the rebels at the i 

crossing of the south foiR of St. Mary’s River; after a sharp fight, the ' 

rebels were driven from their position on the opjiosite side, and the cavalry Jl 

dashed across and captured several prisoners, horses, etc. The rebel i 

loss was 3 killed and many wounded ; Union loss, 5 killed and several f 

wounded. The column reached Sanderson at 4 o’clock, and camped ; i 
here the rebels had already destroyed a number of subsistence depots, r 
dwellings, and stores—property valued at §luu, 000 . Rebel General Maury, I 
commanding at Mobile, issued*an order that all non-combatants leave the I 
ipity, as the enemy was marcliiug from Morton against Mobile. Wirt 1 



Feb., 1863.] 


HISTORY OP THE WAR. 


147 


Adams’s aiid Logan’s rebels occupied Jackson, Miss., after Sherman 

lett. 

lull. —A 20-inch Rodman gun, carrying a 1000 -pound ball, was success- 
ftlly cast at the Fort Put Foundery, I'lttsburg ; it is the largest gun ever 
cast. General \V. S. Smith’s cavalry, intending toco-operate with General 
Sliermaii s expedition, left IMemphis in the direction of Colliersville, 
Tenn.; it camped at Holly Spring.s, Miss. Colonel Henry’s coininand 
pushed on to Lake City, P la., and reached a point 2 miles from that place 
at 1134 A. iM., where they met the rebels in line of battle; skirmishing 
lasteu an hour and a half. After ascertaining the strength of the rebels, 
Colonel Henry withdrew ; loss, 3 wounded ; rebel loss, 20 killed and 40 
wounded. Colonel Henry lell back to banderson, as supplies were scarce. 
U. b. schooner t^ueen captured llie schooner Louisa, of Nas.sau, N. P., 
entsriug brazos River, 'lexas; she showed British papers, but surren¬ 
dered, a lawful prize, to the t^ueen; she was loaded with powder, Fntield 
rifles, etc. 

12 th.—A party of 30 or 40 guerrillas, under Major Harry Gillmore, 
stojiped the we.stern express train on the Baltimore and Ohio Railroad, 
at Kearneysville, 8 miles west of Harper’s Ferry, and robbed the pas¬ 
sengers and express of 3.‘) or 40 watches, and about $36,000 in money ; no 
lives were lost, beveral of the robbers were afterward taken by General 
Kelly’s command. General bherman’s army at Decatur, Miss.; he nar¬ 
rowly escaped capture by a charge of 200 rebels; he was saved Dy the 
Vigilance of his body-guard. / 

latii.—Rebel General Pickett reported to the Confederate Government 
that, m the late advance against b'ewbern, K. C., they had captured 13 
Officers, 280 men, 14 negroes, and a large quantity of ordnance and quar¬ 
ter-master’s stores. 

14th.—Twenty of the Union officers who escaped from Richmond 
arrived at Williamsburg. Colonel Phillips had a fight with rebel Indians 
and Texans, on Middle Boggy River, Indian Territory, killing 40; Union 
loss, 1. About 00 well-mounted guerrillas, in Federal uniform, surprised 
and brutally murdered, at Tecumseh Landing, 5 miles above Grand 
Lake, La., a coiiijiany of colored troops, the escort of a foraging fiarty 
miles distant; the foragers afterward destroyed the house wliere the 
e.scortwas posted. Huiibtit’scorpsofbhernian’sarmy entered Meridian, 
Miss. 800 rebel cavalry attacked the garrison of 200 colored troops at 
Waterproof, La., but, with the aid of guii-boats, after 2)^ hours’ fighting, 
were uriven off; Union loss, 2 killed and 5 wounded; rebels left 8 killed 
and 5 prisoners. 

lath.— United States Supreme Court refused the writ of certiorari in 
the Vallandigham ca.se, lor want of authority. Colonel Phillips, com¬ 
manding Indian Territory, reported that country clear of rebels. Armed 
bodies of citizens resist the conscription in Virginia. Over 80,t)O0 vet- 
I erans have re-enlisted up to this date. Colonel Gallup, with 400 picked 
men, of 14th and 30tli Kentucky, surprised and, in three minutes, routed 
the whole force of Colonel Ferguson’s 16th Virginia; 16 rebels were 
killed and a large number wounded. Colonel Ferguson and 60 others, 
and 80 stands of arms and a large number of hor.ses, wore captured; 
1,600 Union prisoners were released. The Unionists lost nothing, but 
three of the prisoners in the rebel hands were killed. 30,000 men, under 
' Polk, left Mobile, against Sherman. General Sherman issued a congratu¬ 
latory order, dated Meridian, Mis.s., to his command, and telling them 
the jturpose is to destroy the railro.td and make useless this great rail¬ 
way center of the south. Rebels, reinforced to 2 regiments of infantry, and 
one of cavalry, with 4 pieces of artillery, again attacked the garrison at 
j Waterproof, but were discomfited. 

I ICth.—Captain Marshall, with a company of picked men, started from 

Barber’s, Fla., and made a forced march to Gaines ville, Ga.; surprised tho 




148 


HISTORY OP THE WAR. 


[Feb., 1864, 


guard, and opened the rebel storehouse to the poor; what was not taken 
in this way was destroyed. Longstreet’s army iii retreat beyond the 
Freneli Broad Ri ver. (Joufederaie Congress passed their Currency Act, to 
fund a tax and limit the currency. 

17th.—Steamer Orient, with a load of government stores, sunk at Dog 
Tooth Bend in the Mississippi River; ii.5 or 30 lives were lost. Genenu 
Smith’s cavalry entered Pontotoc, Miss., amid considerable skirmishing; 
the rear of the column was considerably hanvssed by Forrest and Lee. 
Farragut made a demonstration with gun-boats and infantry at Grant’s 
Pass, 35 miles from Mobile, Ala.; nothing elfected. Sherman 30 miles 
east of Meridian. General Crocker’s division captured and destroyed 
Enterprise, Miss. 

18th.—The President, by proclamation, opened the port of Brownsville. 
Governor Brown, of Georgia, ordered all citizens with their property to 
the east side of the Chattalioochie River, under pain of having their 
property confiscated. A scouting party of General Gregg’s command 
captured, at Piedmont, Va., 28 of Mosby’s men. A number of guerrillas 
captured in Pocahontas and Webster Counties, W. Va., by .scouts from 
General Kelly’s command. General Sherman occupieil C^uitman, Miss. 
Rebel Congress adjourned to meet in May. During their last session 
the Currency Act, Tax Bill, and Conscrijition Act were pas.sed. The Cur¬ 
rency Bill jirovides for funding the old Treasury-notes until the 1st of 
January, 1805; all not then funded to pay a tax of 100 per cent., which is 
virtu.aU'y repudiation. The Conscrijition Act places all able-bodied men 
between the ages of 18 and 45 in the army for the war, those between 17 
and 18 to form a reserve State guard ; certain exceptions are made. U. 
S. sloop-of-war Ilousatonic sunk by a rebel tor|>edo in Charleston Har¬ 
bor; 2 officers and 3 men were drowned. Smith’s cavalry expedition 
reached Okalona, Miss., amid coimtant skirini.vhing. Captain Leefridge 
and 70men, of the Connestoga, captured arebel train and 2^5 bales of cotton 
near the Mississippi River, with a colonel, major, and several other pris¬ 
oners. 

loth.—Escaped Union officers arrive within the lines of the army at 
Yorktown, Williamsburg, and Fortress Monroe. Enrollment Bill jiassed 
both Houses of Congress—House, 71 to 23; Senate, 20 to 16. General 
Johnston’s army concentrated at Dalton, their pickets extending to Ring- 
gold. General Smith’s cavalry reached Egyjd Station, on the Memphis 
and Charleston Railroad; vast <piantities of Confederate corn were cap¬ 
tured; one column went through Aberdeen, the other west of the rail¬ 
road, concentrating at Prairie Station ; the .\berdeen column, under Grier¬ 
son, had considerable skirmishing at that place, and destroyed over lOU.OOO 
bushels of Confederate corn and cotton at Prairie Station. Pensacola, 
Fla., burned by the rebels. 30 guerrillas captured by our expedition into 
Tyrrel County, N. C. 

20th.—Skirmishing near Knoxville; rebels whipped. Roddy’s com¬ 
mand of rebels attempted to cro.ss the Tennessee at three "ditferent 
points, but were driven back by General Dodge’s forces. 12 barges and 
12,000 bates of hay destroyed by fire at Memphis. Major Cole’s 
Maryland cavalry had a skirniish with Mosby’s cavalry at Piedmont, W. 
Va., and took 17 prisoners, including 3 officers ; 5 were killed and a num¬ 
ber wounded ; Union loss, 2 killed and 2 wounded. Longstreet retreated 
from Strawberry Plains to Bull’-s Gap, East Tennessee, destroying the 
bridges and his camp equipage. Battle of Oluntee or Ocean Bond, Fla. 
General Seymour’s force, in three columns, under Colonels Barton, Mont¬ 
gomery, and Hawley, numbering 5.000 men, left Barber’s Station at 7 A. M., 
and reached Sander.sou about noon; the advance met the rebels, 15,008 
strong, SIX miles from Sanderson or four or five miles east of Olu.stee, 
the rebel force was well protected by intrenchments and natural obstacles. 
The 7th New Hampshire! of Hawley’s brigade, received the first fire; 


Feb., 1664.] 


HISTORY OP THE WAR. 


149 


being armed with inferior guns, and unable to return the fire, the left of 
the regiment broke, after you of their number had been disabled. The 
rebels then attacked the riglit under Colonel Barton, which received them 
in good order, but the loss of several otficera threw them into some dis¬ 
order, and they fell back, exposing some of their artillery, 2 guns of 
w’hicli had to be left. This unequal contest was maintained until 
dartc, when the Unionists were withdrawn in good order, but followed 
clo^ly by the rebels, who tried to flank both sides, but were checked in 
their efforts. The retreat was continued to Barber’s. The rebel loss in 
this battle is stated at loO killed, 900 wounded; Union loss, 1,200 killed, 
wounded, and missing; 5 guns and a quantity of small arms were lelt. 
Sherman evacuated Meridian in his retreat, first destroying the Govern¬ 
ment buildings and property; he had destroyed the railroad for miles 
in every direction. Major-General McClernand reinstated in com¬ 
mand ot the lath Army Corps. General yrnitli marched toward West 
Point, skirmishing heavily with Forrest at 11 M.; at 3 P. M. reached 
a point within one mile of the town; 1 lieutenant killed and 5 men 
wounded ; 1 rebel killed and 2 wounaea. 

21st.—Reports of the capture of 11 blockade-runners on the Lower 
Potomac, with a large amount of valuable goods. Reconnoissance up the 
Savannah River to \Villiams Island ; 4 men lost and 20 prisoners captured. 
Smith’s cavalry advanced and found Forrest, Lee, Chalmers, and Roddy 
combined to check him at West Point, Miss.; heavy fighting in front 
and rear; 3 jheces of artillery lost. Smith commenced his retreat at 
night, fighting the rebels, and burning the trestle-work on the Mobile and 
Ohio Railroad. General Custar left the Rapidan with a force, demonstrat¬ 
ing on the rebel lelt, in order to divert their attention from Kilpatrick on 
the right. 

22d.—This 132d anniversary of Washington’s birthday was celebrated 
with appropriate ceremonies in various parts of the United States. Free¬ 
dom Convention met at Louisville, Ky^ A detachment of 150 of the 2d 
Masschusetts Cavalry, under Captain Iteed, while scouting near Draines- 
ville, Va., wasattacked by 200 or 3tKiof Mosby’sguerrillas in ambush ; tlio 
Unionists fell back ; 7 men were killed and a humljer captured ; Mosby re¬ 
treated. closely j>ursued by a strong party. General Palmer occupied 
Ringgold, Ga., without opposition. A detachment of infantry and cavalry, 
under Colonel Davis, were surrounded at daylight on the Virginia road, 5 
miles east of Cumberland, Ga., by a large force of rebel cavalry ; two com¬ 
panies of the Olst Indiana and 2d North Carolina cut their way out, with 
the loss of 3 killed; about (30 men and 2 officers of Colonel Davis’s com¬ 
mand cut their way out; the balance were captured. At the same time 
a force attacked the outpost of 50 men at Powell’s bridge, 5 miles south, 
but were three times repulsed ; the command returned to the Gap, 
ambuscading the rebels at every available point. 

23d.—tieneral Palmer skirmished with the rebels all day, and drove 
them to Tunnel Hill, capturing over 300 }>risone,rs; Union loss, 75 killed 
and wounded. General Smith crossed the Tallahatchie at New Albany, 
iMiss., at noon. Farragut opened with G Monitors, and 4 gun-boats, on 
Fort Powell, at Grant’s Pass, near Mobile, shelling it all day. Sherman on 
his return from Meridian. Rebel General .John H. Morgan issued, from 
Decatur, Ga., a call to members of his old command tojoin him without 
delay. 

24 th.—Fortifications at New'bern, N. C., strengthened, as the rebels 
were preparing to attack it; 5 iron-clad gun-boats reported to be ready to 
join in the attack. Rumors reached Newbern of the hanging of 51 of the 
2d North Carolina (Union whites) captured by the rebels in the recentat- 
tack on Newbern. General Bragg assigned by Jetf. Davis as commander- 
in-chief of the rebel armies. General Palmer occupied Tunnel HiU 


150 


HISTORY OP THB WAR. 


[March, 18&I. 


Ridge; the losses m this advance have been: rebel, 8or 10 killed, 157 
wounded ; Union loss, 35 captured. * . 

‘A5th.—General Palmer occupied the town of Tunnel Hill, Ga., at 4 P. 
M.; after considerable skirmishing, his troops penetrated to the front ot 
Dalton, losing 3 killed and 12 wounded ; rebels reported their loss at IM) 
killed and wounded. Federal cavalry came up with Longstreet’s re¬ 
treating rear-guard in East Tennessee, and a severe skirmish took place. 
General Smith reached a point 52 miles from Memphis; this expedition 
destroyed over 1,000,000 bushels of corn, several miles of track, bridges, 
and trestles, on the Mobile and Ohio Railroad, captured and brought in 
1,500 mules and horses, 2,000 negroes, and 300 prisoners. Rebel dernon- 
straiion at Raccoon Ford on the Rapidan ; 100 men crossed, fired at tha 
pickets, and fell back, leaving three deserters. Farragut still bombard¬ 
ing Fort Powell, commanding Grant’s Pass. 

2(jth.—Congress passed, and the President approved, the bill reviving 
the grade of Lieutenant-General. P.almer’s corps fell back to Tunn«)l 
Hill. Sherman’s army encamped at C.anton, Miss. 

27th.—Kilpatrick’s command this morning moved down to the extreme 
left of the line.s; his movement, as well as that of Custar, masked by 
a feint of the advance of Missouri infantry corps in front. 17th Corps of 
Sherman’s army returned to Jackson, jMi'ss. Sherman’s army destroyed 
the whole Southern Road from Jackson to Meridian. Cavalry skirmisnat 
Camp Finegan, Fla.; 5 rebels wounded. 

28th.—General Kilpatrick, with 3,800 men and C pieces of artillery, left 
Stevensburg at 5 P. M., and crossed the Rapidan at Ely’s Ford, and cap¬ 
tured the pickets; at the ford Colonel Dahlgren, with a detachment, took 
the route to Frederick Hall Station. General Custar left he.ad-quarters at 
2 o’clock. Negro troops from Port Hudson ca})tured Yazoo City. The 
notorious guerrilla Colonel Richtvrdson captured ne.ar Banksvifle, Ky. 
General Sherman and staff arrived at Vicksburg. The loss of his army 
on their late march was 150 killed and wounded ; rebel loss was 100 miles 
of railroad destroyed, 300 prisoners, and 800 mules; killed and wounded, 
about 200. Confederate steamer Florida at IMadeira; she was allowed to 
take in 20 tuns of coal, water, and jwovisions. 

2yth.—Kilp,atrick at Spottsylvania Court-house, 56 miles from Rich- 
moini. At 2 A. M. General Ciishar was within 4 miles of Charlottesville, 
surprised a cavalry camp, blew up six caissons, and destroyed the camp 
equipage, .and captured 20 prisoners; learning that Stuart was in the 
vicinity, in strong force, he fell back toward Madi.son Court-hou.se, destroy¬ 
ing the bridge over the Ravenna River. At 5 P. M. a small party of Kil¬ 
patrick’s command dashed into Beaver Dam Station, capturing the tele¬ 
graph operator. A large amount of rebel property was destroyed, and 
railro.ads torn up and obstructed. A tr.ain coming from Richmond, with 
troops, disembarked some of the men two miles below the station, when 
Kilpatrick’s men charged on them, and captured 2 officers and 30 men. 
Kilpatrick cros.sed the South Anna River during the night. Colonel 
Streight .and other officers escaped from Libby Prison and reached Wash¬ 
ington. General Butler sent a force from Fortress IMonroe to New Kent 
Court-house, to co-operate with Kilpatrick. General Rosee.rans, in Mis¬ 
souri, issued orders prohibiting .any citizen of Missouri instituting legal 
proceedings against any persons who had been in the military service, 
for alleged illegal act while in the service, without permission from 
bead-quarters. 

March 1, 1864.—President Lincoln gave his signature to the bill for 
establishing the rank of Lieutenant-General in the army, and nomin¬ 
ated General U. S. Grant to that grade. General Custar, on his retreat, 
w.as interrupted by Jeb. Stuart. Cushar charged on him and sc.attered 
the rebel column m confusion. This result was considerafily hastened 
by several shells thrown about the same time. The rebels followed Caa* 


March, 1S64.] 


HISTORY OF THH WAR. 


151 


tar in his retreat, but the advance, hearing the firing, returned to the 
main body, and drove otF a body of the rebels at the Rapiflan. Custar’s 
command reached camp, with*500 horses and 50 prisoners. General 
Butler made arrangements to e.xchange prisoners. At 10 % A. IM., Kil¬ 
patrick, with his cavalry, was insidethe outer defenses of Kichinond, and 
shelled the city. This afternoon, a portion of his command, under Colonel 
Ulric Dahlgren, reached a point within three miles of Richmond. At 
night Kilpatrick camped within si.\^ miles of the city and siiftered from a 
shelling by the rebels. Dahlgren’s command went to Frederick Hall 
Station and destroyed the railroad and telegraph, captured 12 officers, in¬ 
jured the James River Canal, and captured quantities of rebel stores, 
it is .said that General Lee narrowly escaped capture .at Frederick Hall. 
Steamer Scotia, with 108 bales of cotton, captured by the Connecticut, otf 
Wilmington, N. C., having run out last night. Skirmish near Norfolk, 
Va. Jelierson Davis has sujipressed the Raleigh Standard. In conse¬ 
quence of the hanging of 2.J men of the 2d North Carolina Volunteers 
by the rebels at Kingston, N. C.,the North Carolina men in the Union 
army resolved on retaliation, and would take no more prisoners. Ex¬ 
citement at Newbern, N. C.; rebels preparing to attack the city. Rebels 
attack Camp Finegan, and retake the camp from the Federals, and drive 
them to M’ithiu three miles of Jacksonville, Florida; rebels lost 3Ukilled 
and wounded. 

2d.—General Custar returned to the Army of the Potomacfrom his raid 
on the rebel right, making a detour by JMadison Court-house and Stan- 
nardsville. He penetrated to within three miles of Charlottesville, in 
Lee’.s rear. He defeated a force under Jeb. Stuart, taking 50 prisoners 
and 300 horses. General Kilpatrick ten miles south of Hanover Junction. 
Forty miles of the Virginia Central and Richmond and Frederick Rail¬ 
roads destroyed. He defeated a strong force, and afterward destroyed 
Lee’s communication with Richmond. A heavy force of cavalry came 
upon Kilpatrick’s rear, and were driven otf by the l.st Vermont and Ist 
Maine Regiments. General Butler .sent a protecting party of cavalry to 
look after Kilpatrick. Colonel Ulric Dahlgren and his party were am¬ 
bushed at King and Queen Court-hou.se, when the Colonel and several 
others were iiistantly killed; many were taken prisoners. In some 
measure the ill-fated Dahlgren failed to make connection with Kil¬ 
patrick’s cavalry. So ended this well-concocted sortie. Dahlgren’.s pur- 
po.se wa.s to enter Richmond and release the unfortunate Union prisoners 
there confined. 

3d.—General Kilp.atrick arrived at Yorktown, having marched 225 
miles, and destroyed avast amount of rebel property, and severed Lee’s 
communication w’ith Richmond. Kilpatrick’s los.se3 were about fi killed 
and 20 wounded. The notorious guerrilla Richard.son and several others 
captured by forces under General Hobson, near Cave City,.Kentucky. 
Richardson was shot, two day.® after, by a Mr. Stacy. The rebel General 
Price assumed command of Denartment of Arkansas. 

4th.—Free-State Government'of Louisiana inaugurated. Palmer’s 
corps occupy Mickajack Gap. General Custar made asucce.s.sful recon- 
noissance across the Rapid.an at Ely’s Ford, and drove away the rebel 
picket^, and scouted the country for .several miles. 

5th.—President Lincoln commuted the sentence of death against dc- 
eerters, to imprisonment during the war at the Dry Tortuga.s. Rebel 
raid.s on the Chesapeake Bay; several ves.sels captured. The steamer 
Loui.siana, of the Norfolk liiie, was bonded for 820,00(» and released. A 
body of reVjels, said to number 500, under IM.ajor Goforth, attacked a 
picket of 93 men of the 3d Tennessee, at Panther Springs, Tennessee. A 
desperate running fight ensued, the rebels being repulsed ; lo.ss slight 
on both sides. Rebels charged on the garrison of Yazoo City, Missia- 
Bippi, but were driven oflF by the troops and the gun-boats. 



152 


HISTORY OF THE WAR. 


[March, 1864. 


6th.—The paltpeter-works in Franklin, Pendleton County, Va., com¬ 
pletely destroyed. Twenty-three soldiers of C. H. Foster’s North Caro¬ 
lina Regiment of Union troops were hung at Kingston, N. C., by the 
rebels, as deserters from the conscription. They met their fate like 
lieroes. Steamer I’eterhotf.sunk l)y collision with the Monticello, off the 
mouth of the Chesapeake Bay; Peterhoff sunk immediately, the crew 
escaping. The rebels, near E<listo River, North Carolina, made an at¬ 
tempt, with torpedoes, to destroy the United State.s steamer Memphis, 
on blockade duty, off North Edisto River, but did not succeed. 

7th.—The gun-boat Titan, recently captured by rebels in Chesapeake 
Bay, was burnt by them in the Rankatank River; on account of the 
shallowness of the'water our gun-boats could not follow. Her machinery 
and stores were removed by the enemy. Waldron, a town 60 miles 
south of Fort Smith, Ark., burnt by guerrillas. Newbern and Plymouth, 
N. C., threatened by rebels. Sherman’s army retired to Vicksburg. 

8th.—General U. S. Grant and staff arrived at the C.apital from Mem¬ 
phis and Nashville. The President presented him with his commission 
as Lieutenant-General of the Army. Seven hundred Union prisoners 
arrived at Fortress Monroe, exchanged for an equal number sent up to 
City Point. Red River expedition loading at Vicksburg. A portion of 
the 3d Missouri Cavalry returned to Madisonville, La., on Lake Pont- 
chartrain, from an expedition of 110 miles. They are said to have 
cleared the country of guerrillas, and to have driven away the 9th and 
10th Louisiana Cavalry. They captured 10 prisoners,' some arms, 
lior-ses, and blood-hounds, also 30 negroes. Guerrillas active around 
Natchez, Miss., driving off the parties working plantations. Several of 
them have been killed. The Anglo-Confederate blockade-runner Sophia 
captured. She was a tir.st-clrfss prize, and had a full load of salt. 

9th.—The President issued the necessary instructions transferring 
12,000 .seamen from the army to the navy, under the resolutions adoptea 
by Congre.s.s. A force of rebels attacked three companies of colored 
troops at Suffolk, Va., and forced them back in disorder; reinforce¬ 
ments arriving, the rebels desisted from further ])ursnit. Union loss, 3 
officers wounded. Guerrillas attacked the steamer Hillman, at Island 
No. 18, Mississippi River, but were driven off by a few soldiers and citi¬ 
zens aboard. The House of Representatives passed a resolution of 
thanks to Generals Rosecrans and Thomas, for gallantry at Chickamauga. 
General Banks left New Orleans for Franklin, Louisiana, to take immedi¬ 
ate command of the forces in Red River. 

10th.—General p’. Bigel assumed command of the Department of 
Wheeling. Justice Ritchie, of 8t. John’s, N. B., ordered the release of the 
Chesapeake pirates, on technical grounds. The Committee of Emanci¬ 
pation of the Virginia Constitutional Convention reported an amend¬ 
ment to the constitution abolishing slavery inxtanter. The report was 
adopted with only one dissenting voice. One hundred guns were fired 
in honor of the event. Governor Brown, of Georgia, sent a message to 
the State Legislature. The tenor of this paper showed a want of con¬ 
fidence in the Richmond government. He criticised their actions 
Bharply, and warned them against the effects of despotic legislation. On 
the subject of peace propositions, he urged that, after every victory, they 
should offer to the North the distinct propositions for peace on the 
principles of the “right of self-government and the sovereignty of tlie 
Btates.” General A. J. Smith’s Red River expedition left Vicksburg to 
co-operate with Banks. Rebels launched the iron-clad gun-boat Ashley 
at Charleston. The Richmond Examiner urged upon the rebel govern¬ 
ment the immediate execution of all prisoners captured in Colonel 
Dahlgren’s raid, and, moreover, that it was time to raise the Wack flag. 

11th.—General Sherman remained at Memphis. His command i.<? all 
Bale. Our total loss in killed, wounded, ana missing is 176 only. The 


March, 1864.] 


HISTORY OF TUB WAR. 


153 


general results of his expedition, including Smith’s and the Yazoo River 
movement, are about as follows: 150 miles railroad, G7 bridges, 700 feet 
trestle, 20 locomotives, 28 cars, 10,000 bales cotton, several sdeam-mills, 
and over 2,000,000 bushels of corn destroyed. The railro.ad destruction 
is complete and thorough. The cajiture of prisoners exceeds our loss. 
Upward of 8,000 contrabands and refugees c.ame in with the various 
columns. Rebels captured, off Nansemond River, the schooner Julia 
Baker, with a cargo of valuable stores; ve.ssel valued at S:10,000. Mr. 
Slidell, the Confederate agent at Paris, was informed by Emperor Max¬ 
imilian the new Mexican ruler, that ho could not, and would not, enter 
into any diplomatic relations with the Confederate States. 


12th.—General 
dition into Kins: 


Kilpatrick returned to Fortress Monroe from an expe- 
^ and Queen County, Va., to chastise the rebels who am¬ 
buscaded and killed Colonel Pahlgren, lie destroyed King and Queen 
C'ourt-house. President Lincoln assigned Lieutenant-Genenil Grant to 
the command of the armies of the United States, with Major-General 
Balleck as Chief of Staff of the Army, Major-General Sherman to the 
military division of the IMississippi. General A. J. Smith’s Red River 
forces arrived at Semniesport, on the Atchafalaya. The gun-boats 
reached the same point. 

13. —Indianola, Te.xas, evacuated by the Union forces, who took the 
land route, and, in crossing the baj’ous, 30 men were drowned. 

14. —President Lincoln called tor 200,000 men to supply deficiencies, 
and form a reserve for the draft, to be ma<le on the 15ih of April. Skirm¬ 
ishing at Morgantown, East Tennessee; rebel Colonel Jones killed. 
A portion of General A. J. Smith’s troops, tlie 3d and 0th Indiana bat¬ 
teries, opened on Fort De Russey, on Red River, at 4 o’clock to-day ; at 5 
o’clock General blower's brigade charged the rifle-pits, and stormed the 
works, and in twenty minutes the colors of the 58th Indiana were upon the 
rampstrts. Previous to Smith’s taking the fort. General Dick Taylor en¬ 
deavored to flank him and cut him off from the fort; then commenced a 
most extraordinary race between the Union and Confederate troops, which 
resulted, however, in Smith arriving at the fort three hours before his 
opponent. During the siege of Fort De Russey, the gun-boat Benton 
participated with great success. Fort De Russey'is only a few miles from 
Alexandria. By the possession of these works the obstructions in Red 
River, which occupied the rebels five months to construct, are rendered 
useless to them. The sailors of the fleet removed much of the obstruc¬ 
tions in a few hours. Our troops captured 300 prisoners, 8 guns, a quan¬ 
tity of gunpowder, small arms, ammunition, and commissary stores. 

16th.—Alexandria, La., ocGUjiied by General A. J. Hmith. Admiral 
Porter’s fleet held the river. The Confederates are retreating toward 
Shreveport. A detachment of the Jlarine Brigade surprised a camp 
near Port Gibson, Miss., and captured 47 prisoners, and released 5 Union 
prisoners held by the enemy. Guerrillas burned a freight train on the 
Nashville and Chattanooga Railroad, at Estell Springs, Tenn. Arkansas 
voted herselfa free State. 500 guerrillas, under Ilughes, Short, and Fer¬ 
guson, attacked part of General Hobson’s command at Bennett’s b'erry, 
Tenn., but were driven off, with a loss of 20 killed and wounded. Skirm¬ 
ish near Fort Pillow, between a small party of the 12th Tennessee 
Cavalry and some rebels, resulting in the rout of the latter, with some 
killed and wounded. 

17.—Lieutenant-General Grant formally assumed command of the ar¬ 
mies of the United States to-dav. Head-quarters in the field. Guerrillas 
active in the neighborhood of Lake Providence, La., commitring great 
depredations. Attempts made by di.eloyal persons in Kentucky to turn 
the State over to the rebel authorities. Rebel guerrilla Colonel Ham¬ 
ilton captured at Celina, Tenn.. by General Hobson’s forces. A detach¬ 
ment of Colonel Stokes 5th Tennessee Cavalry overtook Ferguson’a 


154 


HISTORY OP THH WAR, 


[March, 1864. 


gnerrillas between Manchester and McMinnville, and killed 17 of them. 
The rest, about 60, escaped, pursued by the Union cavalry. Rebels attack 
Seabrook Island, in large boats, but were prevented by the vigilance of 
the pickets, who discovered their advance. 

18th.—Rebels in force at Bull’s (5ap, East Tenn. Stokes’ cavalry over¬ 
took Ferguson’s guerrillas on Calfkiller River, and killed 8 of their 
number. 

loth.—A party of rebel cavalry made a dn.sh over Taylor’s Ridge, Ga., 
and captured a number of Union citizens. A few of Gilmore’s guerrillas 
made a raid into Bath. Morgan County, Va., and carried off a Mr. Bechtal 
and a ISIr. Wheat, Representatives from West Virginia. They were 
pursued by some of Sigpl’s troops, and some of the freebooters taken 
prisoners. Attempt made to burn the rebel War Department in Rich¬ 
mond. The Richmond Examiner o{ this date “thought the war spirit was 
dyingout among the Yankees ; that a fear of repudiation or bankniptey, and 
a disposition to compare magnificent outlay with mean results, together 
with a reaction conseipient upon over-excitement and the increasing 
probability that the whole worhi would soon officially recognize that the 
once United States, being dissevered forever, would do the work needed 
for Southern independence. It considered these hopeful indications 
for them, but allows that the efforts of the North woulo still continue in 
juoportion to the remaining means for the destruction of the Confed¬ 
eracy.” 

20th.—Rebel army under Lee reported 130.000 strong; rebel army in 
full, 275,000. Rebels attempted to capture, by boats, the Union pickets at 
Jenkins’ Island, Port Royal Harbor, but were driven off. They came in 
8 large flat-boats. Rebel sloop P’lorida, with a valuable cargo, captured at 
eea. 

21st.—Lee’s army reinforced and reorganizing for an active campaign. 
Fight at Henderson Hill or Bayou Rapide, 20 miles above Alexandria, La., 
in which the rebels were whi()ped, losing 4 jdeces of artillery .and 270 
prisoners, after a spirited engagement. General Mower flanked them, got 
m their rear, and compelled a'retreat. Skirmish at Pilatka, Fla.; rebels 
defeated. The rebel steamer Clifton, which had been captured from the 
Federal navy at Galveston, Janitary, 18().3, was endeavoring to run the 
blockade, off Sabine Pass, with over 700 bales of cotton ; she, however, got 
aground, and was burned by her crew, to prevent her falling into the hands 
ol the blockading fleet. 

23d.—Small fight at Cave City, Ky. Rebels in East Tennessee prepar¬ 
ing fora r.aid into Kentucky. Forrest, with 5,000 men, adv.anced into 
West Tennessee as far as Obfon River, on a raid. General Steele’s com¬ 
mand, 15,000 strong, left Little Rock for Shreveport, La., to co-operato 
with General Banks. 

24th.—Forrest’s forces at Union City, Tenn., dnving in the Federal 
pickets. Tliey cut telegraph wires and railroads in their progress. A 
Federal force w,as starteil from Columbus to reinforce the garrison; but 
meanwhile. Colonel Hawkins commanding, surrendered to the rebel com¬ 
mander. He had under him 425 men, a partoftliem mounted. A number 
of horses and mules were also handed over to Forrest soon after the sur¬ 
render. The rebels started southward, and soon afterward General Grier¬ 
son, who was apprised of the circumstances, sent a column of cavalry in 
pursuit. 

25th.—Forrest, with his command, attacked Paducah, Ky., and soon 
drove the small Union force holding the place, consisting of the 40th 
Illinois and 220 negro soldiers, to the fort, below the town. Forrest, in time, 
demande(i its surrender, promising the treatment due to jirisoners of 
war, if speedily given up; but, in the event of his storming the works, 
he would extend no quarter. Colonel Hicks refu.sed, and succesfully 
resisted four separate assaults. Later in the day, three Union gun-boats 





March, 1864.] 


HISTORY OF THE IVAR. 


155 


arrived in the nver, and, after a warm contest, drove the rebels out of 
the town. During the shelling of the gun-hoats, the cowardly Forrest col¬ 
lected a number of women and children and ]>laced them in an exposeii 
position immediately in front of his lines ; several were killed and wound¬ 
ed. A portion of the town was burned t)y the fire from the gun-boats, in 
all about 60 buildings. Colonel Hicks burned some buiblings within 
range of the little fort. The cannonarling continued until 10 o’clock. 
Before the gun-boats arrived, the rebels sacked the town. The Union 
loss in killed and wounded nuini'ered 80; the rebels sustained a gieater 
loss than ours. Steamer l.<acrosse cajitured and burned by guerrillas 
near .Alexandria, La. 

2Gth.—President Lincoln issued his Amnesty Proclamation. He ordained 
that all those insurgents who are at large, but not those at present in 
the custody of the military or civil authorities of the United States, are 
eligible for the advantages to tie derived frtim this measure. An expe¬ 
dition from Pilatka, Flar., captured the rebel steamer Hattie, a valuahlo 
prize. Main body of General Franklin’s army reached Ale.xandria, La. 
A portion of Colonel .Tourdan’s expedition, consisting of a part of the 148th 
Kew York, from the gun-boat Brittania, landed at Bear Inlet, N. C., 
and destro 5 -ed one of the reliel ves.sels and her cargo. He returned to 
the gun-boat with 43 negroes. 'I'he rebels were too strong for the party 
to effect their object. Skirmish at Cane River, La., between Dick Taylor’s 
forces and those of A. J. Smith, who is co-operating with Banks. 

27th.—500 citizens in and around Alexandria, La., have taken the oath 
under the Amnesty Proclamation. 

28th.—General McCullum, Inspector of Railroads, seized, in the name of 
the United States, all the unfinished engines in the Portland (Maine) llail- 
ro.ad shops. He ordered the gauge changed to suit Government puriioses. 
Naval skirmishes in James River with guerrillas. Election in Louisiana 
re.sulted in the triumph of the Free State party. A few hundred Union 
soldiers, umier Colonel Clayton, made a descent on Mount Elba and Long¬ 
view, on the Washita River, Ark., destroying a deal of relief stores, and 
capturing 320 prisoners. Relicl Genend rtoekings gave battle, but wa.s 
worsted. .3,5 wagons belonging to the rebels burned, and 300 horses and 
mules captured. Gn the 31st this force returned to Pine Bluff, Ark.; 
Union loss 80, in killed, wounded, and missing. 

29th.—A Copfierhead riot broke out at Charleston, Ill.; several men of 
the 54th Illinois, who were around there on a furlough, organized to resist 
the rioters, and quell the disturb.ance. The roads were picketed ; Cnarles- 
ton and Mattoon were garrisoned. The Copperheads were pursued, and 
about .30 pri.soners taken. The next d-ay the rioters mustered in a force 
estimated at l.tMiO strong. Martial law vvas proclaimed, and the greatest 
excitement reigned. 

30th.—Longstreet evacuated Bull’s Gap, Tenn., took up and destroyed 
the railroad bridge, and fell back lieyond Greenville. COO of the Ten¬ 
nessee cavalry had a fight with a party of McCullough’s rebel cavalry at 
Somerville, Tenn.; after fighting .3 or 4 hours, and finding themselves 
flanked, they fell back, losing 3 Union otficersand 75 men, killed, wouiuled, 
and missing. General Albert L. Lee, of Generals Banks’ and Franklin’s 
army, occupied Natchitoches, La. The rebel cavalry made show of fight, 

1 but were quickly driven off, lo.sing .30 men killed and wounded. Gen¬ 
eral Steele made a raid down the Saline River; met the rebels at Branch- 
ville, 3,00C strong, and beat them on yesterday; to-day he divided liis 
forces, and, after a fight of 2 hours, scattered the enemy in all directions. 
He captured a rebel supply train with 1,000 mules and horses, and 300 
prisoners; returning afterward to Pine Bluff. Ark. Genenal Steele is 
moving to join Banks af Shreveport. A force of Union troops, belonging 
to Steele’s army, engaged the rebels at Montieello, Ark., numbering 1,000, 
and routed them, capturing a quantity of arms, wagons, and horses. 






156 


HISTORY OP THE WAR. 


April, 1864. 


April 1, 1864. —General Joe Johnston, chief in cotnmand of rebel 
forces in Georgia, has been largely reinforced; his pickets at Ringgold, 
Ga., are witliin a mile of the Union force.s, with no disposition to attack. 
Fight at Brooks’ plantation, near Snyder’s Blutf, on the Yazoo, between 
60U of the 1st Massachusetts Colored Cavalry and some rebels, lasting 
several hours, and resulting in the rout of the enemy ; all the works on 
the plantation were destroyed; rebel loss, unknown; Union loss, 46 
killed and wounded; some negroes were burned in the buildings des¬ 
troyed by the foe. Steam transport Maple Leaf sunk by a rebel torpedo, 
at Buckel's Bluff, 12 miles from Jacksonville, Fla.; 4 of her crew 
drowned ; cargo a total loss. 

2d.—Grierson’s cavalry had an engagement with Forrest, at Somerville, 
Tenn.; Grierson sustained a small loss, and was beaten. Rebel General 
Shelby, wdth 1,200 cavalry, 2 guns, attacked General Steele’s I'ear guard, 
under General Rice, near Elkins’ Ferry, on Little Missouri River, Ark.; 
rebels repulsed, with loss of 100 killed and wounded ; Union loss, about 
the same. Blockade runner burned, while running out at Pass Cavallo, 
Texas; 40 l^les of cotton .saved. General H. J. Smith’s army advanced 
from Natchitoches, La.; some slight skirmishing with the rebels, who 
made a stand at Crump’s Hill; some men killed and taken prisoners on 
both sides ; 40 of the Union cavalry charged a large body of rebels, but 
were cut up, and most of them killed and wounded. 

3d.—Rebels attempted to destroy the light-ljpuse at Cape Lookout; 
they injured the building, but failed to destroy ft. Skirmishing at Bar¬ 
rancas, Fla.; rebels lost 30, killed, and wounded, and prisoners; Union¬ 
ists, 3 wounded. 

4th.—Great Metropolitan Fair, for the benefit of the Sanitary Commis¬ 
sion, opened in New York. A small fight at Clarksville, Ark., in w hich 
the rebels were repulsed ; loss, 13 killed and wounded. House of Rep¬ 
resentatives p.assed resolutions affirming the Monroe doctrine. Marma- 
duke, w’ith 2,600 cavalry and.5 pieces of artillery, attacked Steele’s Union 
forces, on Little Missouri River, Ark., near Elkins’ Ferry, and after some 
time fighting, withdrew; loss on both sides, about 100 killed and 
wounded. Gun-boat No. 26, Captain Phelps, captured, at Crockett’s 
Blutf, Ark., a mail-bag, containing 500 letters from Richmond, and 00,000 
percussion caps for Price’s army. 

6th.—General Steele’s army has driven the Confederates from Arkadel- 
phia, and was marching in the direction of Camden and Washington. 
The great expedition of General Banks, under the immediate command j 
of General Franklin, and with A. J. Smith co-operating, ascended the ! 

Red River to about 40 or 50 miles from Shreveport, when they met the i 

advancing columns of Dick Taylor; some minor cavalry skirmishes took 
place, without results. The Louisiana Convention met at New Orleans, | 
to frame a new State Constitution. j 

7th.—A party of 100 of the 3d Illinois Cavalry, with 1 gun, belonging to 
the 21st New York Battery, under Lieutenant Potts, while repairing the 
telegraph w'ires, within 6 dr 6 miles of Port Hudson, La., were surrounded 
by a party of Wirt Adams’s cavalry, who quickly possessed themselves 
of the gun, our men flying in disorder; the conduct of the cavalry alone i 
retrieved the fortunes of the hour. ' 

8th.—Grierson made a sally over Wolf River Bridge, which Forrest had 
just completed, captured and destroyed it; he lost some 8 killed and 
W’ounded. Skirmish at Winchester between Union cavalry and rebels, 
under Imboden ; Unionists triumphant; loss, 100 killed and' w’ounded on - 
both sides. Disastrous battle of Sabine Cross Roads, near UTansJield, La. 
The heavy cavalry train of over 300 wagons, followed by a slender force 
of cavalry, which, contrary to all precedent, formed the advance of Gen- | 
oral Banks’ expedition to Shreveport, La., and far away from any infantry I 
support, encountered and were surrounded by the enemy, under General i 



April, 18S4.] 


HISTORY OF THE WAR. 


157 


Hick Taylor. The enemy made an easy conquest of tnis valuable train. 
Infantry supports were ordered up by General C. P. Stone, who had direc¬ 
tion of the battle. General Hansom, who was afterward badly wounded, 
sent forward one small brigade, which was quickly disposed of by the 
enemy; then another appeared on the ground which met with no bettor 
fate; these were then .succeeded by the 4th Division, 13th Army Corps; 
the Union force at this time numbered about 5,(KK). The rebels then con¬ 
centrated their whole strength, numbering 10,(MK) men, and burly hemmed 
in our army, cutting them up very badly. Our troops fell back quickly, 
and a shameful retreat, rapitlly quickened to a rout, was apparent; soon 
batteries and teams, became deserted, and the utmost confusion and panic 
reigned; teamsters, negroes, field-officers, soldiers, (he rank and file, 
chaplains and sutlers, all rushing, helter-skelter, along the chocked and 
narrow roads to the rear, some mounted on artillery horses, some on 
wagon mules, with and without saddles or bridles. Most of the 13th 
Army Corps was by this time terribly disorganized; and when driven 
some 4 miles, they encountered the llkh Corps, 7,000 strong, headed by 
Banks and Franklin, who |>ersonally exerted themselves to stem the 
current, but without avail. The presence of this force somewhat checked 
the im]>etuosity of the victors, and enabled part of the train to be got off. 
It was then deemed expeilient to fall back to Pleasant Hills, a distance 
of 12 miles, which W’lvs done in tolerable order. This continued all 
through the night; 24 pieces of artillery, and .several hundred dead and 
wounded, were left in the hands of the foe. Tlie Confederates were under 
Ex-Governor and General .Moreton, Parsons, Green, Holmes, and Major- 
General Dick Taylor. The Dnion Generals with the expedition were, 
Franklin, A. L. Lee, McMillan, Cameron, Kwing, Dwight, and iMower. It 
was against the advice of Geneials Ransom and Franklin, that the cavalry', 
baggage, and provision trains were sent so far in advance of the main army. 
Too much attention was given to the accumulation of cotton and sugar, 
leaving the vital question of providing for our success to chance, while 
the wiley enemy came like an avalanche, setting at naught the results of 
six month’s labor spent in getting together (his large e.vpedition. Gen¬ 
eral Banks took pains to test the feeling of the citizens, at all points on 
the Mississip))i ami Red River, and of the soldiers composing his army, 
on the pending convention elections, at this time progressing in New Or- 
lean.s, and for this purpose had a careful vote g^llected. It is to be re¬ 
gretted that so much attention was given to politics and so little to 
strategy. 

9th.—Continuation of the engagement with General Dick Taylor. 
General A. J. Smith and the Itith Army Corps, recently arrived from 
Vicksburgh, and later still from Fort DeRiissy, were formed in line of 
battle at Pleasant Hills, La., whgre the disorganized portions of the 13th 
Cor()s, and the more inbict legions of the 19th, fell back, after yester¬ 
day’s di.sastrous repulse. At 4 o’clock, P. M., they received the on¬ 
slaughts of Dick Taylor’s forces, who, in the early part of the fray, gained 
ground, steadily driving our troops from po.sitibn to position. General 
Smith, who showed undoubted evidences of personal bravery throughout 
the day, maneuvered into more favorable positions than he had previou.sly 
held, and toward evening rallied our men, and succeeded, by some well- 
directed assaults, in routing the over-confident foe with much loss. 
Their di.scomfiture was only a little less disastrous than ours on ye.sterday. 
The Union Generals, however, did not consider themselves strong enough 
to hold the field, so fell back to Grand Ecore. The enemy had, in addi¬ 
tion to some of the Generals engaged on the 8th, Generals Co»ant Polignac, 
Churchill and Scurry. General A. J. Smith covered him.self with glory, 
and literally saved Banks from annihilation. There has been over f>,(»00 
men killed and wounded on both sides, in the battles of the 8th and 9th. 
The rebels lost heavily in prisoners in to-day’s fight. Ex-Governor and 


X' 


158 


HISTORY OP THE WAR. 


[Api*!!, 1864. 


General Moreton and Parsons were killed. The Senate passed the reso¬ 
lution amending the Constitution, declaring that neither slavery tior in¬ 
voluntary servitude shall exist within the United States after this time. 
Rebels make an attempt to tilow up the frigate Minnesota, off Newport 
News, hut only stteoeed in effecting trifling damage; the torpedo-boat 
engaged in the work escaped. 

10th.—General Steele was at Wasliington, Ark., 126 miles from Shreve¬ 
port, but is unaVjle to form a junelion to assist General Banks, on Red 
River, as was originally intetnled; the rebels, under jMarmaduke, sur¬ 
rounded him on nearly every side. Active preparations for the opening 
of the campaign are still going on in the Army of the Potomac ; the 11th 
and 12th Corps have been consolidated under the title of the 20th Corps, 
and Major-General Hooker assigned to the command ; Major-General 
Howard has taken command of the 4th, relieving General Gordon 
Granger, and General Slociirn is to report to General Sherman ; an order 
was issued by General Grant, ordering all civilians, sutlers, and their em¬ 
ployes, to the rear, with all property for which there was no transporta¬ 
tion; by thS" same order furloughs were stopped; Lieutenant-General 
Grant visited Fortress Monroe, Annapolis, and other points, and, by per¬ 
sonal observation, informed himself of the condition of the .several de- 

f iartments. General William F. Smith has been assigned to General 
hitler’s department, and will direct military movements on the Penin¬ 
sula, which will be made simultaneously with the advance of the Army 
of the Potomac, which has been largely reinforced for the spring cam¬ 
paign. 

11th.—Pteamer Sumter captured in St. John’s River, Florida, by 
steamer Columbine ; also, the Hattie Brooks, another valuable prize. 4i)0 
Texah cavalry attempted to surprise a camp of 240 Federals, at Rose¬ 
ville, on the Arkansas River, but were repulsed, with a loss of 72 killed 
and wounded; Union loss, about half the number; 700 bales of cotton 
were loaded on a steamer during the fight. The disorganized masses of 
the 13th, and the less-shattered lOth and 19th Army Corps, reach Grand 
Ecore, on Red River, which is .3.6 miles from Plea.sant Hill, and 95 from 
Shreveport, where the rebels have 31 transports; reticls burned 750 bales 
of cotton, which Banks had collected ; our entire losses, up to the pres¬ 
ent time, will amoutto 670 killed, and 4,2(K) wounded and prisoners, since 
this ill-fated campaign tipened ; of guns, our loss will be 30; the rebels 
captured a paymaster’s safe, containing $1,000,000 ; besides these losses, 
there was the whole of the cavalry baggage captured, with over 400 
wagons and teams complete. 

12th.— Remarkable dimster to a Jarfje hodtj of rehele, iiuder General Green, 
on Red Ricer. On the descent of Admiral Porters fleet of 12 war vessels 
down Red River, having been prevented 6om accomplishing his original 
design of going to Shreveport, by Banks’ reverses on the 8th inst., he 
encountered a force of over 2,000 dismounted cavalry, under M.ajor-Gen- 
eral Green, at Blair's Landing. Impelled by their late successes, the 
Confederates had determined to capture the iron-clad gun-boat Osage, 
which was aground at Blair’s Landing, 25 miles from Mansfield, La. At 
the time of the attack, the transport Alice Vivian was engaged in hauling 
her off. The enemy of>ened a steady mttsketry-fire from 2,000 marks¬ 
men, at short range from the iron-clad; at the same time, 2 cannon 
they had with them participated freely. The Osage, returned a destruct¬ 
ive fire on these deluded men, mowing them down by scores, with 
shrapnell and canister; again and again their leaders blindly led them to 
the bank of the river, for the space of one hour, their puny charges making 
no visible impression on the gun-boat. About this time the Lexington, 
on her way down stream, stopped a short distance from the Osage, .at the 
bend of the river, and opened a murderous cross-fire, which seems to 
have prevailed on the enemy to abandon their wild hope of capturing an 


April, 1864.] 


HISTORY OF THE WAR. 


150 


Iron-clad vessel. In their hasto to cet away, they loft one of their field- 
pieces behinrl; their loss was positively hot less than 500 killed and 
wounded, and many officers. The approaches to the ri verwere filled with 
dead bodies ; the famous General Thomas fireen was killed in the affray; 
bis head was blown off by a shell. After the rebels had run off, some of 
the navv went ashore, and fotmd that nearly all those loft behind had been 
plied with Louisiana rum ; this fact accounts for the amazing; rashness of 
the attack, and the extreme blindness which possessed them in snp- 
posin;; they could bo successful in attackin.g an iron-clad vessel. This 
defeat of the rel-)els, l)y the navy, with the loss of the best General they 
had in the South-West, retrieves^ in some measure, the crushing disasters 
sustained by the army during last week. Capture, of Fort I’illow, and 
max^acre of the parrix/m, hi/ rebeix This morning, about sunrise. General 
N. B. Forrest and General Chalmers, witli 5,0()i) men, attacked Fort Pil¬ 
low, on the ^Mississippi, north of Memphis. They assaulted the works 
for a long time, but made no sensible impression, being kept at bay by 
the gallant little fortress. Fonest determined to take the place by a 
ruxe, and, for that purpose, sent flags of truce, demanding a siirremler, 
which was promptly refused; meanwhile, he stealthily disposed his 
forces to advantage, within stone-throw of the works, the besieged 
foolishly allowing him to take this fatal .advantage without protest. At 2, 
P. M., tne rebels stormed the works, or might be said to have walked in 
and drove the men, pell-mell, from their guns down to the river. An in¬ 
discriminate slaughter was then commenced ; black and white, alike, 
were ruthlessly butchered. 'I’he garrison consisted of 400 of the I3th 
Tennessee Cavalry and 200 of the 6th United States Heavy Artillery, 
colored, all under command of IMajors Brarlford and Booth. After killing 
the negroes, the most fiendish atrocities were perpetrated; some were 
found horribly mutilated and burned ; 5 were buried alive ; only about 200 
of the garrison escaped, by hiding and swimming, 5,> of the white 
troops were killed and l'>0 wounded ; 300 negroes butchered in cold 
blood. The rebels burned every building and blew up a portion of the 
works ; they lost only 2.’> killed and .50 wounded. The inhuman wretches 
killed a number of women and children; many of the wounded were 
burned, and then thrown into the river; the inner-fort fairly ran with 
blood. The miscreant Forrest, and his savages, retired jiist as the 
steamer Platte V.alley hove, in sight: the survivors hailed this vessel, 
when men were sent ashore to bury the dead and carry off some of the 
wounded. The rebels did not leave until they perfected their horrible 
work; they carried away 6 guns and all the stores of the garrison; next 
day they visited the scene of their exploits, and bayoneted some unfor¬ 
tunates whom they found still alive. Every officer commanding colored 
troops they shot, even after they surreiidercd, Forrest fell"back to 
Brownsville. A party of guerrillas tn.ade a raid on a cotton plantation at 
Tensas, La., 40 miles below Vicksburg, and cajifiired a large number of 
negroes and mules ; they carried off W. B. Allison, whom they com¬ 
pelled to dig his own grave ; they then deliberately killed him, and made 
the negroes burv him. 

13th.—General Buford, of Forrest’s command, demanded the surrender 
of Columbus, Ky., at 7, A. M., which Colonel Lawrence, commanding 
post, refused. Buford promised white soldiers to be treated as prisoners 
of war, colored troops to be returne'i to their masters; no quarters if 
taken by storm. Preparations were then made for an obstinate resist¬ 
ance; about this time, a number of returned soldiers and a battery 
passed on the river within hailing distance ; the boat quickly rounded to, 
and soon the troops were landed, and, after a short time, compelled tho 
rebels to retire. Fight at Paintsville, Ky. 1,000 rebels, supposed to be 
part of Sam. Jones’ force, attacked 700 Tjuionists, under Colonel Gallup, 
at Paintsville, Ky. ; at the first charge, the Federal* fell back to aa 


160 


HISTORY OF THE WAR. 


[April, 1864. 


advantageous position; soon the rebels attacked, ana were driven from 
the field, leaving their dead and wounded; 50 prisoners and KHJ horses 
were captured. An expedition, under General Kilby Smith, which, with 
a portion of Admiral Porter’.s fleet, went up the Red River previous to the 
three-days battles, returned safely. General Smith burned the stnall 
village of Compte, in consequence of its harboring a rebel battery, which 
very much annoyed our transports. At bonshatta Chute a rebel force 
was stationed, which had about 1-1 guns in a battery along the river banks. 
Our gun-boats and transports, in icturning, were obliged to run the 
gauntlet of these guns. A schooner, laden with cotton, was captured ia 
Atchat'alaya Ray, Ra. 

14th.—Rebels made anotlier demand for the surrender of Paducah, 
Ky .,at2P. M.; this was very })eiemptorily refused. The rebels drew 
up their men, some 8o0 strong, preparatoiy to an assault. The tort 
opened on them, and, after a short fire, the enemy withdrew; they carried 
ott considerable plunder, however, belonging to citizen.s living outside 
the range of the fort, and that seeme<l to be the main object of the visit. 

A trifling skirmish came off at Smithtield, Va., in which G rebels were 
wounded aiKr”a rebel mail captured. 4uu men of the I4th and ‘2‘Jth Ken¬ 
tucky surprised a rebel camp at Half Mountain, on Licking River, Ky., 
and defeated them, cajituring 70 jnisoners, 200 horses, oOO stand of arnis, 
and a wagon train; 8.5 of the enemy were killed and wounded; Colonel 
Clay w as captured. Rebel cavalry hun)ed400 hales of cotton, near Plaque- 
mine, owned by poor citizens around. Congress agreed to a resolu¬ 
tion censuring Mr. Long, of Ohio, Mr. Harris, of Maryland, and Jlr. 
Fernando Wood, for their disloyal sentiments in favoring the Confederate 
Government. 

15th.—Moseby, with 800 rebels, demanded the surrender of Bristoe Sta¬ 
tion, Va.; they captured 25 pickets. General Grant had a narrow escape 
from capture at the time. The transport steamer General Hunter was 
destroyed by torpedoes in St. .lohn’s River, 12 miles from Jacksonville, 
Fla. The lied River has fallen very rapidly within a week, indeed, to an 
e.xtent not known before. 4o gun-boats and trans))orts are above the 
“ Ralt,” and can not move until high water. All the transports and gun¬ 
boats reached a jioint near Grauil Rcore in safety, but were molested 
every few' miles by rebel musketeers. General.s iMoreton and Parsons 
were killed in recent eng.agements. The Union General Steele entered 
Camden, Ark., driving isiarmaduke out and outgeneraling Price. A 
sharp engagement at Prairie d’Anna, and, also, on the Little IMissouri 
River, Ark., took jilace a few days before; our loss in two or three skirm¬ 
ishes was about 2uo ; rebels burned over 10,IX)0 bales of cotton. Steele 
was on his way down to Shreveport, to co-operate with Banks, and had 
not, at this time, heard of the futility of such a journey. Ranks being at 
the time on a grand foot-r.ace to Grand Ecore. United States gun-boat 
Chenango, Captain Fillebrown, explode<l her boilers, on the occasion of 
her first trip, in New York harbor ; 30 of her officers and crew were badly 
scalded, many of whom afterward died from their injuries. 

IGth.—Gold Rill passed the House, prohibiting stock-jobbers gamblin;^ 
in gold and depressing Government securities. 6 gun-boats that ascended 
the Washita River to Slonroe, La., on the 5th, returned with 2,r>00 bales 
of cotton; before leaving, they laid Monroe in ashes; over loo.ooo bales 
of cotton are said to have been destroyed V>y rebels on the Washita. 

17th .—A large body of rebels moved down the Roanoke River upon 
Plymouth, N. C., accompanied by a ram, the Albemarle, and 4 gun-boats. 
The ram sunk the United States gnn-boat Whitehead, of 3 guns; at the 
same time a land attack was made on Fort Gray ; three assaults w'ere re¬ 
pulsed with some loss to the enemy, who are said to have 15 pieces of 
artillery and 5,000 men. The Federal gun-hoat Miami, Captain Flu.sser, 
the Ceres, and the Bombshell got under weigh for Fort Gray, but, before 


April, 1864.] 


HISTORY OP THE WAR. 


161 


reaching, they were attacked by the rebel?, but the f;nn-hoat fire was too 
hot for them, anti they retired. This fort is two miles from Plymouth ; 
General Wessel.s demanded reinforcements, else Plymouth must fall. 
At Savannah, Ga., a i)arty of poor women appeared in the .streets, armed, 
and detiiandetl “ bread or blood.” They seized all the food they couhi 
find. The miliUvry were called out, anti the ringleaders committed to 
prison. 

Ihtli.—The rebels liave now .10 iron-elads ready for .action. 10 are at 
Iliehintind, 5 at Mobile, 7 at Charleston, 1 at .^avannah, .I on Neuse River, 
2 tm 'far River, and 2 on Roanoke Rivtu*. Governor l\Iurphy was inaugu¬ 
rated at Little Rtick, .\rk., with Federal support; over 6,000 Union citi¬ 
zens were pre.sent at the ceremonies. 'I'he frigate \V.abash, <loing outside 
bloekaile duty at Charlesltm, S. C., w.as attempted tt) be blown up by .a 
eiga.'-shaped torptalo-boat, latent night. 'I’he .a.ssailants were discovered 
in time, and were supposed to be sunk ; in shape she was like the David, 
tliat destroyed the steam-sloop Ilousatonie, and tried her mischief on 
the Irigate New Ironsides, but failed. Continuation of the rebel assaults on 
our forces at I'lymonth, N. C. The rebel ram ,41bemarle lloated down the 
Ro.anoke River, an<l was right under the bows of tlu; Miami before she 
wa.s discovered. Captain Flusser fired his bow-gun, loaded with .shell, 
which struck the ram an>l rebounded, killing him instantly. The Miami 
turned and ran down the river, and e.scafied. The ram then attacked 
and sunk the .Southfield, and captured the Bombshell, and dropped 
down to Idymouth, holding command of the river, and threatening the 
Union garrison holding Fort Gray. 

2Uth.— Continuation of the rebel assault on Phnnouth, N. C. Rebel General 
11. T. lloUe assaulted Fort Williams, to which General Wessels had re¬ 
tired, and after a violent storm, of many hours duration, it w.as cajitured. 
The rel>el gun-l>oats rendered ample assistance in reducing the place. 
Chir loss was 2iXJ killed and wounded, and 1,.‘)00 prisoners. Rebel los.s, 
lOU killed and wounded. Among the garrison were some North Carolin.a 
and negro troops, some of whom the reUd.s shot after surrender. This 
loss must be regarded .as <a serious blow to our occupation in this portion 
of North (.'arolina. Guerrillas burn the town of Hickman, Ky. 

21st.—Major-General T. L. Crittenden and Major-General .j. S. Negley 
relieved, by court-martial, from all censure on their conduct at Chicka- 
niauga, September 20, isfid. The gun-boat Fort .Jackson made a descent 
on the extensive rebel salt-works near Wilmington, N. C., capturing 55 
men engaged in the manufacture. General Banks’ unfortunate expedi¬ 
tion evacuate Grand licore, and descend Red River, on their return to 
the Missi.s.sip|)i River, which is deemed an enterprise of no mean im- 
ortance, considering the blockade the I’ebels have established on Red 
Liver. 



22d.—The steamer Sjieed was captured, by guerrilla.s, at Green River, 
Ky.; they ritied boat and )).assengers. An expedition started up Yazoo 
River, consisting of d gun-boats; Wirt Adams, with 3,000 men, inter¬ 
cepted the advance boat, the Petrel, and captured it, when the others fell 
back. We lost 8 bra.ss howitzers and the boat stores. 

23d.—General Steele determines to alxandon Camden, Ark., and fall 
back on Tattle Rock ; i.s obliged to take this step, owing to Banks’ failure 
to take Shreveport. The pirate Alabama put into Capetown, Cape of 
Good Hope; in her late cruise she destroyed 7 American ships, valued at 
§5,000,(X)0. The Governors of Indiana, Ohio, Illinois, Wisconsin, and 
Iowa oiler the Secretary of War 80,0(XJ troops, to .serve for 100 days. The 
Government at Washington accept this oiler, and appropriate §20,000,000 
for their pav. On the di.s<astrou3 retre.at of Genenal Banks from Grand 
Ecore to Alexandria, the rebels, under Dick Taylor, followed close on 
the army, cutting olf many stragglers ami the re.ar-guard. At Cano 
’River a very spirited engageiuent took place, in which the tables were 


11 




162 


HISTORY OF THE WAR. 


[April, 1864, 


turned on the over-confident Confederates. The fight lasted three 
hours. The rebels lost 500 men and 9 pieces of artillery; our loss was 
about 400 killed and wounded. 

25th.—Brigadier-General G. F. Shipley was appointed Military Gov¬ 
ernor of Norfolk. Near Bine Bluff, Arkansas, a su}>erior force of rebels, 
under Colonel Drake, attacked a train of 200 w agons and 4 guns, a por¬ 
tion of Genei’al Steele’s train, which, with the escort, nearly 2,000 men, 
were captured. 

26th.— Dealruclive assault of rebels on Porter's fleet on their retreat doicn Red 
River. Admiral David Borter, failing to get the gun-boat Eastport afloat in 
Red River, 50 miles above Alexandria, determined on blowing her up 
to pi’evcnt her falling into i-ebel liands. The enemy approached, unper¬ 
ceived, at the moment every thing was ready to destroy the vessel, and, 
rising sinldenly from the bank, they opened on our little squadron with 
1,200 muskets, an<l liien made a rush to board the Cricket. The enemy, ' 
however, wej;e projierly met and repulsed, and the Cricket, dropping out 
from the bank, opened on them with grape and canister, and, with a 
heavy cross tire from the other tw'o vessels, the rebels were routed in 
five minutes. The total destruction of the boat was then etlecte<l, 2,000 
pounds of gunpowder being used in its demolition, 'i'he fleet was not 
molested again until they had reached a jioint about 20 miles above Cane 
River, when a party of the enemy were descried, with eighteen guns, on 
the right bank. The navy imniediaUdy oj>ened fire, which the enemy 
returned in a very spirited manner, every shot .striking the little fleet. j 
The pelting shower of shot and shell which the enemy )>oured into the 
devoted ve.ssels went through .and through, and cleared all on deck in a j 
few minutes. The flimsy character of these light-draught river boats I 
offered but poor jirotection to the crews from a hostile battery. In five 
minutes the Cricket was struck thirty-eight times witli solid shot and 
shell, with a loss of twenty-three killed and wounded—half her crew; 
the Juliet about the same, with fifteen killed and wounded, and was 
soon disabled, being cut to pieces, hull and machinery. The engineers, 
pilots, and gun-crews of the Cricket were killed, and the vessel was in 
momentary danger of falling into the enemy’s hands, wlfen Borter him¬ 
self steered the vessel before a murderous fire of the rebel batteries, 
and drooped out of range. The Hindman was badly cut up, and lost 8 or 
10 killed and wounded. Finally, the Admiral reached the protection of 
tw'O iron-clads; the Osage was one, which had been engaged m shelling 
a field battery all day. The Lexington was also engaged at the same 
place. Thus it was that the entire river, on both sines, swarmed with 
the enemy. When they had followed our army to the point where they 
could effect no more, all their attention was turned to the little .squadrom 
escorting the Eastport. Everyman and gun was brought to the river, 
and our fleet had to contend against such odds that it seemed imjiossible ( 
to escape destruction or very severe handling. No ve.'^sels were ever 
better fought, and none of this class (mere bandbo.x vessels) were ever 
under so hot a fire. On the way down to Alexandria, obstacles were 
overcome enough to appall the stoutest heart. Guns had to be taken out 
of vessels, and then jumped over .sand-bars and logs, and the squadron ' 
arrived in time to prevent any attack on the reserve stores. There were 
two small boats burned and destroyed by the fire from the shore bat¬ 
teries, and about 100 men killed and wounded, all of them having been 
shot down at their guns. Rebel General Hoke approached Little Wash¬ 
ington, N. C., but retired on being shelled by our batteries. Impress¬ 
ive address made by Mrs. Booth, when she presented a blood-stained 
flag to the Gth U. S. Heavy Artillery, at Fort Bickering, near Menijihis. 
Mrs. Booth w'as the wife of the Federal commander at Fort Billow, w horn 
Forrest murdered. U. S. supply steamer Union captured schooner 0. K., , 

near Tampa Bay, with an assorted cargo. The Union army in Virginia ’ 




May, 1864.] 


HISTORY OP THE WAR. 


163 


have been concentrating near Culpepper Court-house, about ten miles 
li’oin the northern bank of the Kapidan; the Confederate army was 
mainly at Orange Court-house, about twenty miles south, ten miles from 
the soutli bank ot the Rajiidan, the outpo.sts and pickets of both armies 
reaching that stream, on either side. 

—The officers and crew of the U. S. steamer De Soto are entitled to 
their proportion of [irize-money, amounting to 5440,000, from two cap¬ 
tures, the James Battle and .Alice Vivian. 

28th.—Disastrous fire at Wilmington, N. C.; 6,000 bales of cotton de¬ 
stroyed; total los.s six millions of dollars. U. S. sloop-of-war Preble 
burned oft Pensaco'a, Florida. General Kilpatrick, with a thousand 
cavalry, make a reconnoissance to Balil Knob, near Ringgold, Geor¬ 
gia, where he encountered a strong rebel force, who delended the 
place with great bravery, fighting in regular Camanche style. General 
Kilpatrick had a great e.scape with his life. Admiral Porter arrived at 
Alexandria, La., with his gun-boats, having run through a murderous 
fire from rebel batteries and strong bodies of sharp-shooters, and over¬ 
coming obstacles sufficient to daunt the bravest. His escape from the 
rebel toils is little less than miraculous. A brigade of Union cavalry, 
under General Davis, went on a reconnoissance to Madison Court-iiouse, 
Virginia. A small party of about JO rebels were taken jirisoners. Seven 
of Moseby’s men were captured by a scouting jiarty from Fairfax Court¬ 
house. 

2'Jth.—Major-General P. II. Sheridan installed as Chief of Cavalry, 
Army of the Potomac. Rebels throw up earth-works on the line of the 
Kapidan and on the Rappahannock. Marlin Smith was executed to-day 
at Fort Pickering, near l^Icinjihis, for smuggling percussion caps to the 
enemy. A large Union force attacked the jnckels on the Ringgold road, 
near Dalton, Georgia, capturing several. General A. L. Lee and nine¬ 
teen other officers are under arrest in New Orleans, for declaring that the 
Ked River expedition was not for fighting, but for thieving and specu¬ 
lating. United [States steamer Honeysuckle captured schooner Miriam, 
from Havana, vvith an assorted cargo. 

30th.—AtSutlblk, Virginia, our pickets engaged the enemy’s, and the 
loss reported heavy. '1 ne Fourth .Auditor’s office distributed 5306,000 of 
prize-money, and settled 3,200 prize claims, during this month. 

May 1, *18*34.— Rebel skirmishers menace Vicksburg, Mississippi. 
The otiter jiickets were driven in. Admiral David Porter, with his .sail¬ 
ors and a large force of soldiers and negroes, engaged in damming the 
river at Alexandria, La., to give a sufficient depth of water for gun-boats 
to cross the falls—Lieutenant-Colonel Bailey, 4th Wisconsin Regiment, 
acting as engineer. A cavalry dash was made by the rebels on Newbern, 
North Carolina, but they were driven off by the gun-boats Commodore 
Barney’and Louisiana. Commodore W. D. Porter died in New York 
City. He it was who commanded the U. S. iron-clad Es.sex, in the Mis- 
.sissippi River, and destroyed the rebel ram Arkan.sas, in August, 1862; 
his presence in the Mi.ssissippi River, at t4ie time, contributed much to 
the saving of Baton Rouge, La. 

2d.— Operations in Virginia. The expedition to Madison Court-house, 
Va., returned to head-quarters; They drove a body of the enemy before 
(hem and into the town, where the latter stood at bay and poured a some¬ 
what destructive fire upon the Union troops from the houses they occu¬ 
pied. Our troops, as a matter of necessity, set fire to the building.s, and, 
m a short time, the once Vjeautiful village was laid in ashes. Lieutenant- 
General R. E. Lee, of the Confederate army, in heavy force at Orange 
Court-house, Va., aw’aiting any forward movement of the Union army, 
which lay rnas.sed at Culpepper Court-house, h’ight at Bolivar, Tenn., 
about 80 miles from Mempnis, under General Sturgis, when he routed 
General P’orrest, who retreated, burning bridges, etc. Paducah, Ken* 


164 


HISTORY OF THE WAR. 


[May, 18C4. 


tucky, again threatened by rebels, who appear in v'^tronger force than 
when they menaced the place on the 14th of Apnl. Itebels evacuate 
Plymouth, North Carolina, which jdace they took and held since the 20ih 
of April. 

3d.—Commodore Charles AVilkes suspended from duty for 3 years, 
and reprimanded, for disobedience to orders. Bill to increase pay of 
soldiers in the army (rom 13 to lii dollars per month passed. 

4th.—Lieutenant-deneral U. S. Grant's stupendous army, with G day.s’ 
rations, under the immediate orders of Major-General I\Ieade., moved’on 
yesterday morning from Culpepper Court-house, where it had been con¬ 
centrating, and to-day crossed the Bapidan on pontoon In idges, at Ger¬ 
mania and Ely’s Fords. It then approached the Wilderness without 
molestation, avoiding the heavy works to the westwaid, at Mine Run. 
Tne 6th Corps is commanded bj' Warren, the Gth by .Sedgwick, the 2(1 
under Hancock, and the 9th, under Burnside, holding the north bank as 
a reserve. 

5th.— First dat/'s battle between Lieutenant-General Grant and General Lee, 
on the advance fo Nichmond. Early in the morning, our troojvs took up the 
line of march through the Wdderness. biiottsylvania t;om)ty, Va., hold¬ 
ing a solid front toward the west, where HX»,tKiu of the enemy were in¬ 
trenched. We did not, as was anticipated, “ steal a march he was, in 
a few hours, made aware of our endeavors to “ head him otf” to Rich¬ 
mond, and, in all his might, advanced to drive us back to the Rajadan. 
A sanguinary engagement ensued, which was kept up until late.. Lee 
adopted his old planofhurling heavy divisions, under Mill and l-iarly, upon 
our most assailalile point.s, at first with great succes.s, captunng 1,’JUO men 
atone coup ; subsequently we intiicted severe punishment on the enemy, 
and took several hundred prisoners. The killed and wounded, on i)Oth 
sides, amounted to over 12,000. In consecjuence of the high growth and 
density of the chaparral, or undergrowth, it was impossible for com¬ 
manders, even at a short distance, to see any thing of the battle. No 
artillery was used. Both armies lay on their arms ; no results wcu'e at¬ 
tained, except that Grant selected a slightly Ixdter position. We lost 
General Ale.x. Hayes among the killed. Vommencement of Major-Gen¬ 
eral IV. T. Sherman's Campaign in Georgia. 'I'he .Armies ot' the (himber- 
land, the Ohio, and the Tenne.ssee, which had been tor a long time recu¬ 
perating in the garrisons lying between Knoxville, Tennes.see, and Hunts¬ 
ville, commenced to move during this week. 'I’he r(/cky-fae.ed barriers 
of Dalton was the objective point. Here the rebel legions lay securely, 
feeling jubilant and sanguine. For some days previous to the 6th of 
May, General Thomas had been moving against the reViel jiosition from 
Ringgold, while Schofield advanced fiotu (Heveland, 'I'eniH'ssee, with the 
23d and 4th Army Corps to unite, with him at 'runnel Hill, Georgia. 
Little resistance was made at this place, the rebels retreating to the 
stronger position of Buzzard’s Roost. The 14th Corps, under Palmer, 
after a short skirmish, took posses.sion of the hill through which the 
railroad passes by a tunnel 1,800 feet in length. Our giin-boat.s have 
made an unsuccessful attempt to destroy the rebel ram .Mtiermarle, in 
the waters of Albormarle Sound, N. C., accompanied by the Cotton-Plant 
and Bombshell, cajitured at Plymouth, Ajiril 18. She was attacked by 7 
Federal gun-boats, but escaped unhurt, after a three, hours’ fight. Gur 
gun-boats, which were but slightly injured, retook the Bombshell, with 
all on board. 'I’he Sassacus ran into the ram at full S})eed, but without 
inflicting any damage. W’e lost 8 killed, 20 wounded, and several 
badly scaldecl. disastrous retreat of General Steele to Little Itock, Arkansas. 
Gener.al F. .Steele, with his army, arrived at Little Rock, Arkansas, 
followed by the forces of Steiling Price, Marmaduke, and Fagan. .\t 
Saline Fork and Jenkins’ Ferry he engaged the rebels, and, after inflict¬ 
ing some punishment on them, retired in great ha.ste, burning e’very 


BISTORT OP TUB WAR. 


165 


May, ISfri.] 


f bridge behind him, and barely succeeded in savin" the main body of his 
I army from annihilation, lie lost all his train, some guns, and hail much 
of his force cut up. It is estimated that he has lost, in the campaign just 
brought to a close, -3,000 men, 7i>0 wagons, and 15 pieces of artillery, 'fhi.s 
-disaster ensued from the misfortunes of General Banks, with whom 
Steele was to co-operate, at Shrevejtort, La. The rebels lost General W. 

, R. Scurry and II. Randall, near Jenkins’ Ferry. They had the rank and 
file severely cut up, however, in the many onslaughts made on the Union 
troops. The transports Belle, Emma, and Warner destroyed while pas.s- 
i-ing a rel>el battery below .\ie.xandria, on Red River. Portions of the 2d 
I Ohio Regiment, on board, were captured; also, two tin-clad gun-lwats, 
with 15 pieces of artillery. The rel)els made a raid on the Baltimore and 
j Ohio Railroad, destroying $50,000 worth of property near Piedmont, a 
I few miles from Curnberiand. A terrible railroad accident occurred on 
^he Louisville and Nashville Railroad, by which 87 soldiers were killed 
and wounded. 

0th. —Second day's battle in the Wilderness, Va. The engagement that 
\Vi\s closed on the 5th, without advantage to either side, wa.s renewed to¬ 
day. The enemy ‘‘opened the ball.” Lee’s tactics were shown by his 
i -flinging nearly his whole army on one wing and then on another, at times 
with much di.saster, and again with success, as when he captured the 
whole of ShaJer’s and Seymour’s brigades, as well as the conimander,s 
them.selves. This calamity jeopanlized the right wing and im[)erile(l 
the safety of the whole ariny. V'ery late in the day, however, Viy the 
'exertions of General Sedgwick, we Vegained our front, almost niiracu- 
. lously, and com|>elled the foe to retire. Owing to the nature of the gul- 
j lies and jungle which overrun this waste, no artillery could be used. 
' Our loss was roughly estimated at G,U(»0 killed and wounded. The light- 
: ing w;is much more bloody than on yesterday. Generals Sedgwick, 
i'liancock, an<l Warren were* opposed, .^everally, to Ewell, Longstreet 
I Pvho had only joined Lee in the morning), (jo'rdon, and Hill. We lost 
General Wadsworth, who was killed. Co-operating moveine)its in General 
Jlutler's Department. General Butler, with his command, landed success- 
; fully at Qity Point, Va. General Beauregard, with 30,000 men, arrived 
i'at Petersburg, Va. Rebel torpedoes destroyed the U. S. steamer Com¬ 
modore Jones, in James River, killing 2;i otli'-ers and men, and wounding 
( 48; the latter are at the Naval lIosj)ital, Norfolk, Va. The rebel iron- 
; clad North Carolina made a foray on Federal vessels from New Inlet, 
N. C., but, by the vigilance of our sailors, their designs were thwarted. 
rSide-wheel steamer Adele 6, Lieutenant Stodder commanding, block¬ 
ading Apalachicola, Florida, was attacked, by eight boat-loads of reb- 
j els—about one hundred men—who were beaten olf. Kirby Smith is 
i fortifying his position at Camden, Ark. He has with him the greater 
.portion of 1,200 wagons and 31 pieces of artillery, captured by Taylor, 
*]Marmaduke, and others, from Banks and Steele, since the 8th of April. 
Colonel Farrar, of Natchez, .Missi.ssippi, engaged a portion of Harrison’s 
rebel cavalry, near Vidalia, La., numbering 150, dispersing and killing 
the enemy, and recapturing 2(X) horses stolen from neighboring planta- 
- tions worked by Union citizens, many of whom were murdered, after 
having surrendered, a few days previously. The rebels are taking ad¬ 
vantage of the withdrawal of General Gill more Irom South Carolina to 
restoilj Fort Sumter, at which they are hard at work. 

7tli .—Continuation of Lieutenant-General Grant's advance to Richmond, Va. 
General Lee and his arm}' was fouiul to be moving southward to cut off 
our approach to the rebel capital, preferring to try this maneuver than 
to continue to consign his legions to certain death, by hurling them on 
our armies. Our guns were placed in position during the night, but the 
Rrin" ceased when it was found that the foe had retired. General Grant 
' ordered a forward movement of the main body to Spottsylvania Court- 




166 


HISTORY OF THE WAR. 


[May, 1864. 


I 


house, when, on coming up to it, the Confederates were found to be 
strong!}' intreneiied. There was a cavalry battle for the possession of 
points on the line of march, in wiiich we had 300 men put hors de combat. 

We have lost 15,000 during the first two days’ fighting, and the rebels j 
have suffered as severely. They lost, in general officers, Pickett and 
Jones. Co-operative movements in General Bntler's Department. General 
Brooks advanced on the Petersburg and Richmond Railroad, and had 
a sharp engagement with the enemy. He cut the railroad, tore up the 
track, and burned the railroad briiige. We lost 200 killed and wounded, 
many of whom we had to leave on the field. General Heckman, with 
his briga<le, went in the direction of the railroad, btit effected nothing. 
Major-General E. R. 8. Canby, lately in charge of fortifications around 
B'ew York, ordered to supersede General Banks, commanding the De¬ 
partment of the Gulf, in as much of the territory as lies west of the 
Mississippi River. 

8th.— Continuation of Liexitenant-General Grant's advance on liichmond, Va. 
Otir army continued to advance on it.s march south, but, meeting with 
constant checks by the indefatigable enemy, a portion of our troops 
establi.^hed themselves at Fredericksburg, and made that a base of sup¬ 
plies. At Todd’s Tavern the rebels formed m force, and gave battle to 
three divisions of our army, aided by two batteries. We lost 350 men 
killed and wounded. We held the ground, but our advance was sus¬ 
pended for the time. Gen. Kautz, with a large cavalry force, arrived at 
Butler’s heaii-quarters, from Suffolk, cutting off the enemy’s communi- 
cation at Weldon Railroad and at several jioints, and destroyed a largo Yi 
amount of stores and provisions; he was five days out, and met small 
squads of the enemy at several points ; loss, 45, in killed and wounded. 
General Sherman approached from Tunnel Hill against the rebel position 
at Buzzard’s Roost Pass. After severe skirmisliing for several days, it 
became apparent that Dalton was almost impregnable to a front attack. 
Our loss in this skirmishing was about 8<>0 killed and wounded. The 
small revenue steamer Harriet Lane, captured by the rebels January, 
1863, arrived at Havana with a cargo of cotton. 

9th.— Continuation of General Grant's advance. No very important ac¬ 
tions were noticeable to-day. Our army still encircling the rebel hosts 
around Spottsylvania Court-house. In crossing the Po River, a brisk 
battle occurred between some divisions under Hancock, Birney, and 
Gibbons. The brave Major-General John Sedgwick was picked off by a 
sharp-shooter. This occurrence cast a gloom over the whole army. Our 
troops received the rebel charges with groat valor, and large los.ses en¬ 
sued. At other portions of the field our men were the assailants. The 


i| 





the battle-ground of Saturday, at daylight, and moved forward, soon strik 
ing the railroad si.x miles from Peterslnirg and thirteen from Richmond; 
after destroying the road, they pressed on aftei the enemy to Swift Creek. 
Here the rebels made a .sland behiml rough works, but yielded to a ‘ 
charge from General Heckman, and retired a short distance to a strong 
position commanding the creek. General Sheridan, in the circuit of his 
celebrated raid around Richmond, with his force of 8,000 cavalry and 
artillery, destroyed one and a half million rations, intended for the rebel 


- -- . ^ . ,, 4 .V».. • 4. . 4 4 ^ 4 . V/44. J • » 4 4 4. 4 * 4 ♦ V.* 4 4^1 V « 1 • V.. » / ». 

army ; also, three trains of cars and locomotives, to-day, at Beaver Dam, ' 
Virgini.a. Steamer IMinnie, a blockade runner, captured by U. S. steamer 


Connecticut. It is ascertained that the I’ebels have seven iron-clads at 
Charleston, which threaten soon to take the offensive. 

10th.— Continuation of General Grant's advance .— Heaviest day's fighting 
during the month. The three days’ fighting, which ended on the night of 






HISTORY OP THE WAR. 


167 


May, 18G4.] 

'this day, is known by some as the battle of Laurel Hill. The fightin<» 
to-day was the most general and sanguinary .since our arinv took up their 
, march through the Wilderne.ss. Tiie lines of battle extended for a <lis- 
tance of six miles; along the whole face of this, our forces were con- 
( h'onted by the ample breastworks of the eneinj', protecting Spottsylvania 
Court house. Our artillery, which had not partaken in the encounters 
of the previous days, did great execution to-day. Generals Burnside, 
Hancock, Warren and Wright each had their entire corps engaged. The 
carnage commenced at an early liour, and kept up until night, leaving 
4,000 killed and 8,000 wounded on the field. We lost Generals T. G, 
''Stevenson and James C. Rice. The campaign, thus far, has been one of 
heavy, incessant blows, without any results eoniinensurate with our ter¬ 
rific losses, although we have ttie satisfaction of knowing we are driving 
the enemy toward the final goal. Our army is only 15 mile.s south of the 
battle-field of the Wilderness. Yazoo City, Mississippi, oaiitiired by Gen- 
1=^ eral Mc.^rthur, after a feelile resistance on the part of the rebels. Rebels 
continued the raids on Government plantations on the Mis.sissipjii River, 
proceeding so far as to carry off infants, in order to strike terror into the 
mothers ol families who have dared to work farms under Yankee super- 
I intendence. 

I?’" 11th.— Continuation of Cent'ral Grant's advance. — Seveyilh day. Much 
shifting of positions of the Union army ocmirred to-day, mainly for the 
: purpo.se of deceiving the enemy as to its true purposes for the mor¬ 
row. ,\ctive skirmishing and constant cannonading, to jirevent the 
; enemy fortifying his works around Sjuittsyl vaiiia. The day was char- 
; acterized by great quiet compared to the horrible experiences of yester- 
1 day. The rebel General Longstreet was severely wounded. General 
' Grant made his first official dispatch to-day; in it occurs the rnemo- 
i' rable words, “ I propo.se to fight it out on this line, if it takes all sum- 
! iner.” Total number of prisoners taken to this time 5,000, while we 
<i have lost, in killed, wounde<l, and missing, nearly 32,000. General Phil. 

[’ Sheridan, in the course of his remarkalily-successfiil raid, commenced 
on the 9th inst , to-day ca^)tured Ashland, Virginia, destroying two trains 
; of cars, locomotives, engine-houses, Confederate store-houses, and six 
' juiles of railroad. At Yellow Tavern, on the Fredericksburg and Rich¬ 
mond Railroad, he w.as intercepted by the rebel chief J. Pi B. .Stuart, 
i who .started from Richmond with a large force of fresh troopers, boa.st' 

; fill and confident of success ; after a fight of great severity, he scattered 
; the enemy and killed the notorious and renowned Stuart. He is a severe 
J^i/)ss to the Confederates, being their most impetuous, sticce.ssful, and 
dashing cavalry raider. 

12th.— Continuation of General Grant's advance on Richmond—Eighth 
day. A heavy ilay’s fighting, lasting for 15 hours, succeeded the calm 
of yesterday. At early day-hreak, the 2(1 Corps, under Major-General 
j W. J. Planc'ock, rushed upon the rebel intrencliments, and surprised an 
I entire division of 3,(MX) rebt-ls, headed by Edward Johnson and G. H. 

Htewart, who were taken prisoners. We’capttircd upward of 30 guns, 
i The enemy made five different attempts, unparalleled for daring and 
impetuosity, to retake their lost works, but were successfully repelled 
'by Burnside and Warren ; at the same time, a portion of our army put 
forth desperate valor in storming another and a distant line of the en¬ 
emy’s intrenchments, but without success; thus waged the fever of 
battle on this long, warm day, every hour adding its thousands of maimed 
gnd bleeiJing men to the already terrible list of carnage. This day’s 
fight showed the most determined and reckless resol ve of the Confed¬ 
erates to regain their lost position, and of our men to acquire new 
ground. Even through the night the roar of guns was ince.s.sant. Our 
losses to-day could not be less than 11,000. We captured 4,000 prisoners. 

/ Gv-oj^erative movements in General Eutler's Department. A heavy force wa* 



168 


HISTORY OF THE WAR. 


[May, 18C4. 


sent out, nnaer Generals Gillmore and 8011111,10 cover the cavalry move-, 
ment under General Kautz, lor the |>nr(>o 3 e of^everin^ railroad com 


munication between Richmond and Pan vide. They aiTvaneed up the *' 
railroad toward Chester and Ki(dimond, wliere they met the enemy, and^ , 
drove them, at a brisk pace, for a mile or more. Coming to a strons;<?rp.; 
position, the rebels made a stand, and a sharp engagement ensued, the ; 
enemy being linally driven back at the Brooke Tiirnpilse Road, rieari ^ 
Ivichtiiond. Fifteen Italians, who liad been fon’cd into the 19ll» Virginia; | 
Regiment, threw down their arms, and refused any longer to fight for the 
Confederacy. Colonel Richard Pelafield jirornoted to succeed Bng!i.-k 
dier-General Totten, as Chief Engineer, U. S. Army, with rank of Briga-(_ ®' 
dier-Generai. Jaentenant-Colonel Bailey, one of the Actin," Engineers of: » 
the I'Jth Ai’iny Corjis, built a tree-dam, of tkXl feet, across the Red Kiver,ii ^1 
at Alexandria*, and, by that means, all of Porter’s fleet have been able ton i 
]ia.ss in safety to the Mississipiii, having been detained in a ]>erilous po-'i 
sition for nearly a month. At Matagorda, Texas, the Ferlenil gun-lKMitSf ^ 
Alabama and Estelle attacked the rebel gnn-boat J. P’. Carr, anrl, after J 
a tight of two hours, the Alabama was struck below the water-line, andij ' 


retired in a sinking condition. 

liith.— Continuution of General Grant's advance—Ninth day. The erHi, 
emy withdrew part of ids forces during the night. His tremenilous 
losses made him take this step. Owing to the inclemency of the weath¬ 
er, as much as to the circumstance of new combinations being effected, 
there was no fighting of importance to-day. Co-operative movements in 
General Butler's Department. A viKorous skimiishini'of Gillmore’s forc^ft 


with the enemy occurred, followed by an assault ami capture of someN*" 
of tlie rebel outer works of P’ort I>ar}ing, at Drury’s Bluff, commanding! b 
the water approaches of iRichmotid. No h'.ss than 27 rebel officers, 
liolding the rank of Colonel, have Ix'cn killed or badly wounded since J'® 
we crossed the Rajadan. At (hiarleston, South Carolina, a brisk fire has- P^' 
been kejit up between the forts and the iron-clads. It is the heaviest 
that has been known at this place for some time. 

14th.— Continuation of General Grant's advance—Tenth day. Much 
marching and countermarching, much ra})id transferring and massing of 
strong forces at particular strategic points, was observable to-day—the^ 
rebels, like ourselves, changing their position frcipiently. A large por¬ 
tion of his army have gone to digging trenches, while ours do the same 
with even greater vigor. The (itli Corps charged on a position of the 
enemy, and took it by storm, but were not able to remain very long its 
jnasters; the rebels making a fierce onset, drove our men out wit#i 
slaughter, and nearly snccee<ied in capturing General Afeade and Staff; 
however, after nightfall, i^art of the 5th Corps retook the position. 
Destruction of the town of Alexandria, La., hy Jiauhs' troops at the evaeua~ 
(ion. Some of the troops of General Banks’army, before leaving Alex¬ 
andria, La., are cliarged with having set fire to one or more of tffS 
buildings, which rapidly commnnicated to others, and, in a few'hours, 
the largest portion of the once jiojndons and venerable town was reduced 
to ashes. This act is condemned, hy high military authorities, as an act 
of unpardonable vandalism. 

15th.— Eleventh day of General Grant's operations before Richmond. Al^ 
most perfect quiet reigned to-day. A portion of the 2d Corps changed 
their ]>osition, which the enemy soon saw the advantage of occupying, 
but was overtaken and repulsed. Offensive operations were retarded by 
the impassable condition of the roads. No less than .30 Colonels in tha 
rebel service have been killed since our advance from the Rapidan. Co^ 
operative movements in General Butler's Department. For the last two days, 
there has been much skirmishing and picket-firing. About nine o’clock 
last evening, the rebels attempted to jidvance on onr lines, near the 
Petersburg Turnpike, hut, alter u short engagement, they were drivea- 







May, 1884. 


HISTORY OP THE WAR. 


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wifhm their vrorKs. Alxitit noon, to-day, the rehein came ont of their 
lortineatiou:* and attacked ireekmaii’s brigade. "J'he fiyht was altogether 
with musketry. Tlie enemy were driven hack. General Sheridan, with 
his heavy cavalry and artillery force, reached Turkey liend, on James 
liiver, to eo-oju'rate with General Butler, after a very .successful detour 
around the north of Richmond. He started from near the Rapidan, on 
the nth instant, and inflicted a great amount of injury on the communi- 
f-ations of the reliel army, producing vast alarm in tlie Confederate cap- 
J_tiil. Ho fought large parlies of the enemy, thrown out from Richmond, 
on (bur occasions, and recajitured 800 of oiir men and officers ; our loss 
will amount to 500 killed and wounded—not large, considering the timo 
spent, amount of injury inflicted on the enemy, and his own loss in men. 
This lias been the only cavalry raid that has been attended by any per- 
iiianent success for a long time, with the exception of General Kautz’s. 

m Western Virginia. General F'. Sigel, with 5,000 men, was 
«^'ad1y repul.sed at Rood’s .stills, near New Market, Slienandoah Valley, 
Virginia. He acted conti-ary to orders, in moving against Imboden, 
Kchols, and Breckinhdge. The enemy had an equal number of men, 
and drove the Union commander, in much disorder, from the field. lie 
. thst in the engagement, and in the retreat to Strasbnrg, 30 miles di.shant, 
800 men, killed, wounded, and missing, besides 6 guns and 1,000 small 
arms ; he burned the most part of his train to prevent it falling into the 
hands of the foe. Guerrillas troublesome around Baton Rouge and Port 
yudsqn. La. A party of Scott’s cavalry, 100 strong, under McKewen, 
surprised a stockade defended by 20 negro soldiers, at tlie saw-mill of 
Dr. Noyes, within two miles of Port Hudson. They shot and bayoneted 
four of the garri.son ; also, three of the white inilt-haiids, while running 
toward Port Hud.son. 'I'hey behaved very barharousiy to all, white and 
Jjlack, and, before leaving, burned the extensive saw-mill, the cottage 
residence of Dr. Noyes, al.so his workmen’.s quarters, all of which haii 
been erected in December, at an expen.se of &;{0,000. They appeared at 
daylight, staid half an hour, and carried away several prisoners, among 
whom was the white officer commanding the stockade, 10 of the niill- 
iuuuls, the cashier, and one of the superintendents; also, 20 negro 
lahoiers, and finally drove off 00 mules ami horses. They were pursued, 
before reacliing Clinton, La., by the 3d Illinois Cavalry, and, in a skirm¬ 
ish, lost three or four of their number killed, and two more taken pris¬ 
oners. Most of the mill-hands and negroes were left behind in the rout 
',iiat succeeded to this attack. The greater portion of the negroes de- 
Jierted the plantations worked by Dr. Noyes. He had over 200. They 
'gave as a reason their fears of another slaughter, if again visited by 
(heir former masters and their neighbors. Sangninar;/ battle at Itesaca, 
Qeorgia. A portion of General Sherman’s army, under Joe Hooker, after 
Iwo days’ hard fighting, compelled General Joe E. Johnston to evacuate 
a strongly-fortified position at Resaca, Georgia, and toward niglitfall was 
in vigorous pursuit of the enemy. We have lost, since May fi, over 1,<XJ0 
men killed and 4,000 wonnde<t. We captured 800 prisoners and 8 guns 
in ^neday. The rebel loss, in killed and wounded, will proh-sbly .slightly 
■exceed ours. The enemy’s forces at Dalton evacuated that place and fell 
biVik to Rome. General McPherson captured 9 railroad trains near 
iiesaea, Georgia, on the 13th. The rebel stores were designed for 
Dalton. 

Vjt\i.-~ContiHuatioti of General Grant's advance on Richmond. Nothing 
nas been effected to-day. Condition of the country deplorable ; wagons 
and field-pieces being found impossible to transfer, owing to the mud. 
Co-operative movemeuta on the James River htj General Butler. The rebels, 
tinder Beauregard, attacked the lines of Generals Gillmore and W. F 
S^ilith, at Drury’s Bluff, in front of Fort Darling, w'hicli commands, for 
the rebels, the water approaches to Richmond. They made the assault, 









170 


HISTORY OF THE WAR. 


[May, 1864, 


early in the morning, favored by a dense fog, by precipitating 15,000 
picked troops on our lines. Ttiey soon carried several positions by 
Hanking, driving the Union troops back for two miles. This was done, 
however, in good order. General Heckman and his brigade were nearly 
annihilated; the commander and a large number of his men were cap¬ 
tured. Our retreat, by one of the turnpike roads, was cut off, tlie rebels 
holiling it in force. We had to cut a new road, in order to retire. At 
about 8 o’clock, serious fears were entertained that the enemy had com¬ 
pletely turned our right Hank, and, at another time, that he had got into 
our rear. He would have done so, but for the determined resistance 
offered by General Ames, who was posted to defend the road. Had the 
Union General taken the precaution to intrench, this serious and de¬ 
structive reverse might have been averted. Our right wing was the 
point upon which the enemy directed his most furious assaults. Th(^ 
error that General Weitzel, or Gillmore, fell into was, not properly pro' 
tecting and covering this point, which, from its position, could not ob¬ 
tain any support from the gun-boats. Our troops fell back to Bermuda 
Hundred, abandoning the advanced positions which we had gained with 
.so much toil and loss of life, the enemy not pursuing. Our losses will 
amount to over 5,000. Two small Western gun-boats, the Signal and Cov¬ 
ington, were attacked by guerrillas, on Red River, La. The Covington 
was blown up to prevent her falling into rebel hands; the other boat 
fell into the hands of the enemy. All the rest of Porter’s fleet reached 
the Mississippi in safety. Movements in General Sherman' Departments 
Early this morning, our cavalry, under McCook and Stoneman, was 
thrown forw.ard from Resaca, Georgia, in pursuit of the retreating rebels, 
and later in the day General Hooker crossed the river on pontoons, near 
Resaca, and Schofield, in the same way, near Pelton. 

17th. —Continuation of General Grant's movements in Virginia. A slight 
improvement in the roads around Spottsylvania Court-tiouse. The 
enemy worked hard last night and all to-day, strengthening his works. 
With the exception of a studious examination of the rebel position, and 
the receiving of stores, and ammunition, and reinforcements from the 
new depot lor supplies. Belle Plain, nothing was done for the last threa- 
days. The over-taxed energies of the men loudly called for this respite. 
Co-operative movements in General Btitler's Department. General Kautz, 
with his cavalry force, returned to Bermuda Hundred, after his second 
great raid, effecting much damage to the enemy’s communications 
south of Richmond; he captured over 100 prisoner.s. Operations in Souther 
west Virginia. Generals Crook and Averill, with a strong force of cavalry, 
who set out on an expedition from Kanawha Valley, Virginia, some days 
ago, have m.ade good report of them.‘<elves in South-west Virginia. 
Crooks’ column met a large force of guerrillas and bushwhackers, un¬ 
der General Morgan and Sam. .Jones, and. in three fights, killed arid^ 
wounded 600, our own los.ses being 400 killed and wounded. Our forces 
pene mted to Dublin and Newbern, on the Jjynchburg and Knoxville 
Railroad. We captured General Jenkins. By holding these points, we 
sever communication between the rich counties of AVest Virginia anj| 
Richmond. The gun-boat Grand Gulf captured, off Wilmington, the 
blockade-runner Young Republic, formerly the Conqueror, of New York, 
with 600 tuns of tobacco and 1,300 bales of cotton. 

18th.— Continuation of General Grant's operations in Virginia. At day¬ 
light, a fierce assault on the enemy’s wmrks was made by Wright’s 6th 
Corps and Hancock’s 2d, by which two lines of rifle-pit.s were carried. 
We then found, to our mortification, that he had intrenched himself be¬ 
hind an impassable line of felled trees and heavy works ; from this we 
W'ere obliged to speedily retire. General Burnside, from another point 
of the field, came upon this impenetrable abattis, and retired, finding 
ail his efforts to make an impression unsuccessful. We lost nearly l,80w 


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May, 1804.] 


HISTORY OP TUB WAR. 


171 


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men in this forenoon’s attempts to dislodge the enemy. Nothinor of mo¬ 
ment occurred later in the ilay, the enemy acting altogether”on the 
defensive. Operalions in General Sherman's Department. General Sher¬ 
man, with a portion of his army, reached Kingston, Georgia, while Davis, 
-■with another column, occn])ied Rome. The enemy, under Joe John¬ 
ston, retreating, as usual. On 3 ’esterday he gave some slight ojiposition, 
at Calhoun, but was quickly routed. Thus^ within ten u^ays, Sherman 
has succeeded in flanking the enemy at Dalton, seized the gaji at Snake 
Creek, compelling him to fly. .Again met and beat him at Kocky-face 
—Ridge, Mill Creek Gap, etc., and encountered him later in a heavy and 
continuous artillery duel, at Resaca, defeating and jiursuing him, with 
heavy loss, almo.st uninterruptedly. Itebel assault on General Banks' 
troops in the lied liiver country, and their repulse. General Hanks, on his 
retreat from Alexandria, Loui.siana, covered by the gun-lkiats, which 
^)lace he left and hi.s troops burned, on the 14th inst., was escorted all 
the way by large numbers of the enemy, under General Count Polignac. 
On the loth, they attacked, in force, at Avoyelle’s Prairie, but not with 
the desired success. They again made a tierce assault on the Union 
troops, on the ISth, at Yellow Hayou, when they were confronted by Gen¬ 
erals Mower and A. J. ISmilh, who, more than once, saved Hanks’ .army 
from annihilation. Upon this occasion, he checked the rebels, with 
some loss, and extricated the army from the rebel toils. The receipts 
of the Sanitary Fair, held in New York have exceeded Sl,(iOO,tK)0. 
Hogus proclamation, jiurporting to emanate from President Lincoln, 
calling for 4oo,ouo men, by immediate and peremptory draft, published 
in New York World and Journal o/ Voinmerce. The military authori¬ 
ties seize the offices, and arrest their [lublishers and tlie author of the 
forgery, Joseph Howard, late writer on the New York Times, who, when 
arrested was engaged on the Hrooklyn Eagle. Five guns, of formidable 
-wize, arrived at Fort Richmond, New York Harbor, and will immedi¬ 
ately lie mounted. During the last three months, upward of sixty pieces 
have been placed in position. 

19th.— Uontinuation oj General Grant's operations in Virginia. A move¬ 
ment was made last night by our cavalry, and, as was intended, this morn- 
"tng to be seconded by infantry, which had for its object the flanking of 
General Lee. This, unfortunately, was rendered futile by the rebel Gen¬ 
eral Ewell. He marched a part of his corps to flank our right, cut off 
or disturb our communication with the ba.se of supjilies, and help him¬ 
self to our ample commissariat, fast arriving from Helle Plain. The up- 
"kliot of it was, he made a foray on 40 or 50 wagons, scattering teamsters 
and a small cavalry force. He had hardly made himself master of this 
wagon train, when he was intercepted by General Tyler’s heavy artil¬ 
lery divisions—green troops, armed as infantry. They received some 
terrific charges of the rebel veterans, unflincliingly, and soon drove 
them into the woods, recovering most of the plunder, A portion of the 
2d, oth, and Gth Corps were brought up to dispute the newly-taken 
ground, which, if not unsuccessful on the part of the Confederates, 
would have been vastly embarras.sing to the advance of General Grant. 

lost 1 ,5(K) men; the enemy 2,OUO. Co-operating ’movements in General 
Butler's DepartmeiU. Since the retreat of our forces, from the discom- 
ftture met with on Monday morning, little has been done, Beauregard 
had moved down his forces, to-day, in proximity to our line, and, about 
midnight, attacked Terry’s and Ames’ divisions of the 10th Corps. A 
but short contest followed, in which the enemy was ultimately 
repulsed, and the remainder of the night was quiet. A motion was made 
by members of the Confederate Congress to form themselves into a 
military company to defend Richmond. The steam-tug Harriet A. 
Weed, in the St. John’s River, Florida, ran upon torpedoes, which 









HISTORY OP THE WAR. 


172 


[May, 1864. 


completely destroyed the vessel. This is the third vessel which has 
been destroyeii l;»y tor}>e<ioes in the St. John’.s River. 

2Uth.— Coutiiinalion of General Grant's operations in Virginia The re¬ 
liefs which came up to assi.st (Jenend Tyler, spoken of .in the account of 
last evening’s surprise of the enemy, scoure<i the woods this morning, 
at daylight, came u})on their rear, attacked, and ca|)tured over three 
hundred prisoners. General Meade deemed the events of yesterday of 
such moment, that he i.ssued an order thanking the troops for their 
bravery. At midnight our army commenced to march southward, 
thereby commencing the third grand movement of thi.s vast campaign 
Go-operative movements in General Butler’s Department, d’his morning, the 
enemy again da.shed against the .same point in our lines as on yester¬ 
day, drove back our men, and held the rifle-}>its they had occujaed. A 
contest at once commenced, and lasted, at intervals, through the day. 
General Terry’s line of ritle-j)its was at last repossessed, and tlie eneni.yL, 
at night forced to withdraw. Our losses d-e not .seem to have received 
any careful estimate, but the flay’s skirmishing seems to have been in¬ 
decisive. The rebel General W. y. Walker was wounded and taken 
prisoner. General Banks, with what was left of his army and train.s, 
arrived at Semmesport, J^a., on the Atchafalaya River. Flying Iwnnis of . 
the rebels harrassed his rear on the retreat from Alexandiia, on the 
3Gth and 18th, when engagements were fought. Genera' A. J. Smith, with 
Ids corps, has reached the mouth of Red River, and will ascend the 
Mississippi, to act against Marmaiiuke, in .Arkansas. Banks will leave 
for Morganza, on the Missis.<ip))i River, whieh he e.vpeets to reach to¬ 
morrow. U. S. gnn-boats Granite State and Wave were eapture(l, lately, 
hy rebels, at Calcasieu Pass, near .Sabine Pass, La. Hugh 'I’raey, a bush¬ 
whacker and murderer of Union citizens, was hung at NashVilie. lie 
was captured while acting as guide to the rebel Gener.nl Wheeler, in 
December last. Samuel JSIedary, editor of the Columbus Crisis, wa.s ar^ 
rested to-day for alleged treasonable writings. Major-General Hunter was 
jilaced in command of the Shenandoah Valley, Western Virginia, sujier- 
seding Sigel, who lo.st his position owing to the di.s.nster of May LA. 
Sigel is the last of the Generals appointed from civil life to charge of 
departments, witli the exception of General Butler. 

21st. —Continuation of General Grant’s operations in Virginia. At mid¬ 
night, the Union army commenced to move southward. Seeing the 
futility of wasting more time and lives in the attempts to storm the 
works around Spottsylvania Court-house, General Grant took the intui¬ 
tive to push for Richmond. Hancock’s corps re.ached Bowling GreenT' 
Virginia, followed quickly by the ref>ei General Longstreet. General 
Warren’s corps struck camp at a later hour in the morning, and moved 
south, driving the enemy back at some points. This caii.sed the rebel 
Ewell to follow with all haste. By midnight, nearly all the army occus, 
pied ground from 20 to 25 miles nearer to Richmond than on Friday 
morning, the 20th. Co-operalive movements in Genei-alButler’s DepartmenU 
The enemy, under General Beauregard, made a sortie, late at night, on 
General Ames’ lines. General Gillmore’s divi.sion, ami, after tightin.g .'15 
minutes, retired with loss. The gun-boats stationed in the James .and.. 
Appomattox Rivers, under Rear-Admiral S. P. Lee, did good service and 
contributed much to the results. The United States gun-boat Shaw- 
sheen was captured by rebels, lately, in the James River; 22 olficers 
and men were made prisoners; 3 killed and wounded. Sixty citizens of 
Fredericksburg, Virginia, have been arrested and sent to Washington, 
hostages for a like number of our wounded soldiers, betrayeil into rebel 
hands Viy Mayor Slaughter. M.ajor-General Irwin McDowell assigned to 
the command of the Departmeiit of the Pacific. This officer has been i 
allowed to remain idle for a long time. 

—Continuation of General Grant’s advance, Nothing of momeni 





May, 18G4.] 


HISTORY OP THE WAR, 


173 


occurred to-rtay. The Union .army commands IMilford Station, on the 
Kicluiiund and Frederick.sbnr*; Ihtiiroad, and Guinea’s Bridge. The 
enemy were found li> have wittidrawn from their position at Spottsyl- 
vunia. The movement.s of the two vast armies may be characterized 
as an immense retreat on the part of the foe, and a vigorous cliase on 
ours. 

2dd.— Continuation of General Grant's operations in Virginia. General 
Grant puslied Ids forces ra}>idly to the JN'orth Anna River. The 5th and 
2d Corps led tlie van ; the 2d stormed and took the work.s, just erected 
by the rt'bels, who had arrived the day before from Spottsylvania, and 
had thrown themselves before us to prevent any further movement 
aru'oss the river. At another point, the 5th Corps repulsed an onslaught 
of unusual fierceness, ma<ie by the enemy, while the 9th and 6th Corps 
remained on the other side. Our losses to-day amount to 1,000 men ; 
enemy’s loss not so much. The celebrated iron-clad battery Manhat¬ 
tan made her first trial trip, at New York. This is the tl5th iron-clad of 
her class which has lx;eu launched since the war. It is estimated that 
thirty millions of dollars has been expended on the Monitor class of 
vessels, and most of them are now' found to be inefficient. Governor 
Seymour, of New York, directed the District Attorney to take proceed¬ 
ing against the officers of the General Government who seized the offices 
of the World and Journal of Commerce, of New York. A reconnoitering 
force proceeded toward Secessionville, S. C., and, at Bat|Jery Island, the 
55th Mas.sachusetts (colored) regiment charged and drove the enemy 
from their breastworks. Our troojis were then withdrawn. The gun¬ 
boat Water Witch was surprised and captured by the rebels on the Geor¬ 
gia coast, by eight armed boats from Fort Me.\lli.ster. The Water Witch 
was one of the best blockading ves.sels in the scpiadron, and was of 378 
tuns burthen. The navy tug-boat Columbine captured, on the St. John’s 
River, Florida, with two rilled guns and twenty-six men, by a small force 
of rebels. 

24th.— Continuation of General Grant's operations in Virginia. The Fed¬ 
eral forces succeeded in gaining the south side of the North Anna River, 
but had to receive and give battle, during the entire day, at every ford 
and Clo.ssing. Our lo.sses would amount to 900. The rebels suffered not 
so much, but lost heavily in prisoners. Co-operative movements in Gen¬ 
eral liutier's Department. To-day, a brigade of cavalry under General 
Fitzhugh Lee, supported by artillery, appeared at Wilson’s Wharf, on the 
James River, garrisoned by negro troops, under command of General 
Wild. Lee .«ent a flag, stating that he had force enough to take the 
place, and demanded its surrender, which was defiantly refused. The 
attack commenced at noon, the enemy fighting as infantry. The works 
were charged repeatedly with furious assaults, during wiiich the negro 
troops fought with marked courage. After four hours fighting, the assault 
was abandoned, the rebels leaving twenty-five dead on the ground. 
Wheeler’s cavalry made a dash into a Federal wagon train, in the rear of 
the army, and destroyed a number of wagons, near Kingston, Georgia. 

25th.— Continuation of General Grant's movements. Several reconnois- 
Banees were made, to determine where the enemy’s position was most 
assailable. He was found to be intrenched in works of the most formi¬ 
dable kind, near the South Anna. No fighting whatever happened to¬ 
day. The transport Boston, destroyed by the rebels on Ashejvoo River, 
N. C., in the llilton Head district. The blockade-runner Gravhound, a 
new English .screw steamer, captured off Wilmington, N. C. iler cargo 
of cotton, tobacco, and spirits of turpentine was sold at auction for 
8500, (X)0. 

26th.— Continuation of General Grant's movements. Part of this day was 
passed in reconnoitering the enemy’s works, which he strained every 
uei’ve to reitder more impregnable. A portion of Sheridan’s cavalry 


174 


HISTORY OP THE WAR. 


[May, 1864. 


burned some of the Virginia and Freden’cksburg Railroad, while an in¬ 
fantry attack was made on a strong position belonging to the enem^ 
Deceived by this show of activity, the (ith Corjis retreated back toward 
the North Anna, but, taking an easterly direction, came upon the Pa- 
munkey River. This was the first step of the Commander-in-chiet in 
his change of plan of cutting through tlie enemy’s lines and capturing 
Richmond from the north. Operations in General Butler's Department. 
Slight skirmishing, consequent uiion the almost daily reconnoissances 
made by Generals Smith, Martindale, and Devin. 

27th.—Major-t^eneral J. G. Foster ajipointed to the command of the 
Department of the South. Foster is an able engineer, and is attached to 
the regular service. 

•2>-th.—The operations in General Sherman’s department, although un¬ 
demonstrative since the 18th, have been, for some days, culminating to a 
decisive point. On the 2oth, a portion of his cominanil secured a good 
position, near Dallas, Georgia ; after some hard fighting, this was fol¬ 
lowed, on the 26th and 27tli, by aidive assaults of the enemy on our 
sliglitly-intrenched position. In these forays he made no impression. 
On the 28th, the a.ssaults were renewed with greater vehemence, and 
continued all day. McPherson, Ijeing in command of the Union works, 
closed the day by driving the enemy liack, with slaughter. Some ac¬ 
counts give the combined casualties at 3,000. The United States steamer 
Admiral captured the blockade-runner Isabel, while attempting to nm 
into the port of Galveston. The Isal^el, previously, made upward of 
twenty trips between Havana and the ports of Mobile and Galveston. 
The cha.se between the Admiral and the Isabel was an arduous one. She 
had a cargo of powder, arms, percus.sion caps, atid medicines. During 
the chase, she threw tlie j)Owder overboard. Emperor Maximilian and 
suite landed at Vera Cruz, Mexico. A new government has been iiiau- 
gurated in Mexico, and monarchy is now fainy established on the North 
American Continent. The New World can, at last, claim equality with the 
Old ; for it exhibits on either side of its Rejiublican center specimens of 
the pomp and pride of royalty. 

31st.— Continnation of General Grant's movements — Grant reinforced by 
two corps, under comtnand of General Baldy Smith. Little was achieved 
since the 26th. On the 27th, a portion of Sheridan’s cavalry took pos¬ 
session of Hanover Ferry, on the Pamunkey, using White House as his 
base of supplies. The passage of the Pamunkey was effected by a large 
portion of our troops, without molestation, on the 28th, and Lee had, by 
that time, swung his army round to Hanover Court-house. A severe 
cavalry eng.agement, on a small scale, (small to the events known within 
the last few weeks,) occurred with the rebel cavalry, under Fitzhugh Lee 
and Hampton, our cavalry division being under Gregg, who, at the time, 
was engaged in making observations. We lost 450 men; rebels about 
the same. They left "us the field, and a number of their killed and 
woun<led. On the 2l)th, our whole army was safely aero.ss the Pamunkey. 
Our troops commenced to throw up earthworks, vigorou.sly, on the 
3uth. General Warren’s corps was attacked by part of Ewell’s troojis, 
and barely succeeded in escaping a disaster. Each commander w.as en- 

f :aged in feeling the position of the other at the time. Hancock’s and 
iurnside’s divi.sions aided, by causing a diversion in Warren’s favor. 
They subsequently gained a new })osition for themselves, which the 
enemy perceiving, attaedved at midnight. They were repulsed, how¬ 
ever, leaving 500 prisoners in our hands. On the 31st, a general advance 
of our lines began. Sheridan attacked a superior force of Fitzhugh 
Lee’s cavalry, jibsted at Cold Harbor, Virginia, driving them out and 
holding the place ; part of the 2d Corps carried some small works of the 
enemy, under Breckenridge. Operations in General Butler's Department. 
Nothing of moment has happened since the 24th. On the 20th, General 


June, 1864.] 


HISTORY OP THE WAR. 


175 


Smith took the 18th and 10th Corps round to the Chickahominy, to act in 
concert with General Meade. Yesterday the enemy opened with a heavy 
ailillery fire, continuing the whole day,‘to which General Hutler rejilied. 
Heauregatd’s losses, in the several engagements with General Butler, re¬ 
ported, in the Petersl)urg (rebel) papers,'at 80,000. Cleveland Convention 
nominates John C. Fremont for President, and John Cochrane for Vice- 
President. The platform adopted was: The restoration of the Union; 
the suppre.ssion of the rebellion, without compromise ; a free press ; the 
habeas corpus; abolition of slavery; the Monroe doctrine; one-term 
}>residency ; confiscation of rebel lands, and their division among the 
soldiers of the army and sailors. Confederate Congress, at Richmond, 
adjourned. Rebel General Shelliy captured Dardanelles. Ark., taking 2tX) 
of our men. Marmaduke, also, has taken artillery, transports, and stores 
from us, and is blocking rivers. J.acksonport and Batesville, Ark., have 
been evacuated hy our forces. Rebel guerrillas are very active in South¬ 
eastern Missouri and Arkan.sas, and annoy our boats on the rivers in 
those sections. l)unng the month of May, there were settled, at the 
Fourth .Cuditor’s office, twenty-.si.x hundred" and twenty-eight claims for 
prize-money, amounting to nearly half a million dollars. New lists for 
distribution, amounting to 8772,400, wore received during the .same time. 
The London 'I'imes asserts that, during the month of May, twenty-four 
vessels entered that (Ku t safely, and the agent of a British firm, at Ber¬ 
muda, has sent an average of three mails per week into Secessia from 
Bermuda and Nas.sau, and has only lost two mails in two years. The 
correspondent wonders that England doesn’t appoint a consul at Wil¬ 
mington, and that Englishmen do not go more largely into so juotitable 
a business as blockade-running. The month, closing with to-day, shows 
a terrible hecatomb of victims ottered up to the demon of civil war. 
The record of our los.«es, in the war for the Union, during the “merry 
month of May,” exhibits an appalling bill of mortality, vicing almost, in 
point of destructiveness, with the sanguinary camjiaign of Napoleon, 
ending with lilo.scovv, and exceeding, by far, the carnage and misery con¬ 
sequent upon the struggle of the Allied Powers against the great Corsi¬ 
can, which culminated at Waterloo. Its ghastly'roll of slaughter is a 
m<x‘kery on the bright vernal month in which such IJoOfly .scenes were 
enacted. The total number of General oflicers killed during the month, 
in all parts of the United States, amount to 8; wounded, 15; captured, 
6. Colonel.-*—killed, 28; wounded, 80; taken prisoners, 16. Majors— 
killed, 16; wounded, 50; taken jirisoners, 30. The number of line and 
sUitt'officers killed amount to about 180; wounded, 1,800; taken pris¬ 
oners, 240. Rank and file killed, wounded, and taken prisoners, 60,000. 
This is ccansidered a moderate estimate, from the official records con- 
sulted- 

JuXK 1, 18W .—Continuation of battles fought hy General Grant in his ad¬ 
vance on Eichuiond—Battle of Cold Water. The fit h Corps, together with 
the loth and 18th, lately arrived from Butler, on the James River, moved 
near Cold Harlx)r, a short distance from the Chickahominy, where Gen¬ 
eral Sheridan h.ad achieved a slight success, on yesterday, and, after the 
most impetuous valor, wrested the above-named place from Confed¬ 
erate hands. This is important, as it, in some measure, gives us the right 
of way to Richmond. The battle was very bloody and wasteful. IVe lost 
over 2,5(X) men, while the punishment meted out to the foe did not com¬ 
pensate us. He was securely posted behind Vireastworks a part of the 
time; he lost, however, r-(tb prisoners. General Rickets, of the 6th 
Corps, and Devin’s brigade, ol the 18th Corp.s, achieved the most im¬ 
portant success of the day. The other brigades and divisions were 
driven back with slaughter. While this sanguinary battle was progress- 
iog, on one j>ortion of the field, the 2d, 5th, and Jth, on the right of out 
main lines, were not idle. They had the advantage, however, of fight- 


176 


HISTORY OF THE WAR. 


[June, 1864, 


ing behind plight works, and having the enemy the attacking party, who, 
late at night, were driven back, with a loss of ii,0t)0 killed and wounded; 
our casualties, in tliese assaults of the enemy, would number bOO. Beau¬ 
regard and Johnston commanded the rebels. Operuiious in General But¬ 
ler's Department. In the morning, a heavy fire was ojiened on the right 
center of our line, but was silenced in two hours, with a loss of only 
about thirty men on our side, nearly all of them wounded. At night, the 
enemy attacked again, at the same point, it being the best for their pur¬ 
pose, and the firing continued some time, with slight loss. 

2d.— Continuation ot General Grant's advance. Light skirmishes in vari- 
OKis parts of our long line, which now spread over 8 miles. 'J'he enemy 
were vigilant in intercejiting our corps, while massing in new position, 
for to-morrow’s general engagement. The 5th and bth suffered much 
loss by this interference; (juu men would not cover the mishaps ; how¬ 
ever, our artillery made them jmy equally severe for their temerity. 
Preparations were made to cross the Chickahominy. Movements in Gen¬ 
eral Butler's Department. The artillery firing was reopened, to-day, on 
our right, and, a partial charge being made on our skirmish line, a num¬ 
ber of our men were captured. Along the whole front, also, there was 
an attack, and our picket line was temporarily forced back. The fight¬ 
ing was quite brisk on both sides. The rebels were here repulsed, with 
severe loss. This engagement was the principal event of the week. 
Movements in General Sherman's Department. General jMcPherson holds 
Balias, Georgia. No general engagement took place since the 2Sth of 
May, when the rebels sustained such a signal defeat. The enemy liarass 
our rear and jiickct lines unceasinglJ^ (ienerals iSchofield and Hooker 
pushed on tow ard IMarieita, Ga., encountering skirmishing parties, which 
caused great annoyance ; at the same time, (ienerals htoneman and Gar¬ 
rard’s cavalry occupy Altoona Pass. This is a movement of .su)>erior im¬ 
portance. In their jirogress they sustained some loss from the activity 
of the enemy, who hung upon their skirts, day and night, incessantly. 
The Union army are now .safely out of a treacherous and densely-wooded 
country, and occupy a position where its General can .successfully close, 
to .some extent, all apjiroaches from the rebels in his rear. To-day com¬ 
pletes the second annivei'sary of General Robert E. Lee’s a)))>ointment as 
chief commander of the rebel armies at Richmond. The United btatos 
steamer Wamsutta, stationed at Georgetown, S. C., chased a side-wheel 
steamer until she ran ashore, which proved to be the Rose, of London, 
with an assorted cargo. After further effort to get the Rose afloat, she 
was destroyed. 

3d.— Continuation of General Grant's advance—Fierce and ivasleful battle 
near Cold Harbor. The Union army, to-day, fought the last of the six 
very sanguinary and destructive battles since the 4th of May, the day 
the Rapidan was crossed. Our armv, jiosted at Cold Harbor, Virginia, 
made strenuous efforts to reach aiut cross the Chickahominy ; but the 
enemy were posted in an almost impregnable position, to prevent our 
designs. The most stubborn determination was evinced by our troojis 
to dislodge them, and a large amount of fighting was done in positions 
where the breastworks of the enemy and our own were only 50 yards 
ajiart. There was a great loss of life to acquire jietty advantages, soon 
again to be' relinquished. At nightfall. General IMeade, C^ommander-in- 
chief, seeing that we could not take the rebel position, gave up the at¬ 
tempt, but did not surrender an inch of ground. The brunt of battle 
was felt by Wright’s 6th Corps, Hancock’s 2il, and'W. F. Smith’s 18th, all 
on the left; the 5th, 9th, and 10th Corps suffered but little. Our loss was 
computed at 6,000. The enemy did not suffer so much, owing to their 
unexposed position. The number of prisoners taken by them exceeded 
our captures. They were led by Breckinridge, Beauregard, Ewell, A. P. 


HISTORY OF THE WAR. 


Jane, 1864, 


177 


Hill, nnd Buckner; we, however, captured a large numoer of prisoners 
iron) eae!) of these coniniands. 

5th.—-Oj^erations in fVestern Virginia. Battle at Mt. Crawford, near Pied¬ 
mont, I a., betwee)! General Hunter atid the Confederate Genei'al W. E. 
Jones, whiedi resulted in a success to our arms. Jones was killed, and 
the town of Stiinnton captui ed ; we took 1,300 pi-isoners, 3 ))ieces of artil- 
lei-y, with 3 ,(mk) staixls .small arms. The enemy wei-e scattered toward 
Waynesboro and Charlottesville. Hunter effected a junction \\ith Crook 
and Averijl. -I'liis was General Hunter’s first engagement since his ar¬ 
rival in We.stern Virginia, to supersede the luckles.s Sigel. 

6th.—General A. J. t^mith, of Red River celebrity, met Marmaduke 
near Columbia, Arkansas, with two regiments, and drove them back. 
Our forces advanced to the enemy’s .second position, and a brisk artil¬ 
lery duel was kept up, until, under heavy file, our men ceased using 
their guns, and dashed into the enemy’s lines and drove him back. 
Loss, about 125 on each side. Geneial IMower was cons))icuous, as 
usual, in the assault. Marmaduke being driven off, our forces onco 
more had control of the Mississippi River. l-Jeents connected with Gen¬ 
eral Grant's cam]iaign. On Satui'day, the 4th, our troops were occu¬ 
pied in building intrenchments, on a large scale ; the enemy was found, 
jUso, to Ije .strengthening his position. Late at night, he made a de¬ 
termined assault on the 2d, sth, and 18th Corps, and, being at such 
close quartei's, his loss wa.s very heavy; 1,0(IO men would .scarcely 
cover his damage. He was badly repulsed. On Sunday, digging was 
prosecuted with unu.-^ual vigor, liy both armies, within easy musket- 
shot of each other. At night, Beauregard attacked part of the 2d 
Corps, favored by a dense fog. He ap}>roaehed our works with the 
utmost silence. In an houi’s fight, of gieat slaughter, he was driven 
back, losing .several hundied, while our loss was very small. Mon¬ 
day, the tith, w'as memorable for a night assault, on the part of the 
rebels, but with a like success to Sumlay’s. 

7th.—tieneial Sherman reached and occupied Ackworth, Georgia, on 
yesterday'. 'I'o-day he mai-ched to a position near Lost Mountain, w hich 
IS i>ut a few miles fi-orn Atlanta, where the enemy are strongly intrenched. 
He experienceii considerable ojiposition before reaching this point, but, 
finally, drove the enemv before him. 

8th.—Abiaham Lincoln, of Illinois, and Andrew Johnson, Governor of 
Tennes.see, nominated for President and Vice-President, by the Balti¬ 
more Convention—Ex-Governor Dennison, of Ohio, ju’esiding. Tho 
nomination was almost unanimous—all the State delegations, except IMis- 
souri, Ix'ing in favor of Lincoln and John.son, on the first ballot. Move¬ 
ments under General Butler, at Bermuda Hundred. A demonstration wius 
planned and cairied out against Petersburg, by Genei’al Gillmore, ac¬ 
companied l>y Genenil Kautz’s cavalry and .some of General Hinks’ 
colored troops, the whole numbering about 5,000 men. Kautz gained 
the first line of defen.ses, and actually reached the streets of Petersburg, 
but had to fall back, not being supported by the infantry, under Gill- 
more, as was arranged. In a few days after these occurrences, Geneial 
Gillmore made a request to be relieved from his position under General 
Butler. 

yth.— Rebel invasion of Kentuckg. General John jMorgan, with 2,000 
cavalry, entered Kentucky, by Pound Gap, on the 28th May, and imme- 
diatt'ly made himself master of Paris, Williamsburg, Mt. Sterling, George¬ 
town, and other places of less note, gathering up horses, money, pro¬ 
visions, and forage. He was intercepted by some Union troops, who 
failed to make any impression. This notable guerrilla cajitured and 
burned a train of c*ars, on the Louisville and Frankfort Railroad, to-day, 
but, strange to say, did not rob the passengers. 


12 


178 


HISTORY OF THE AVAR. 


[June, 1864, 


loth— The rebel General Wheeler appeared at Calhoun, Georgia, and 
tore up the railroad between Chattanooga and General Sherman’a army; 
he blew up a train with a torpedo, destroying some c.ar.s, though injuring 
few of the troops who were m it. Frankfort, the capital of Kentucky, 
was visited by John Morgan, and the garrison was demanded to surren¬ 
der. This demand was refused, of course, and some tiring took place. 
Then the siege was raised. Governor Bramlette was in the city at the 
time. There has been much loss by plundering, and much destruction 
of material, and the rebel raids still continue at Newcastle, Princeton, 
etc. A few days since, a battle took jilace, near Guntown, Mississi))jn. 
Our force w.as 3,000 cavalry and 5,000 infantry, with 18 pieces of artillery, 
under General Sturgis. With an equal force, Forrest, Roddy, and Lee 
suddenly attacked and thoroughly defeated our men, capturing nearly 
or quite all the artillery and ammunition, and the entire wagon train. 
Our loss in men was reported at more than <a thousand. These rebel 
commanders, aided by guerrilla forces, subsequently harassed our 
troops, and pillaged towns in Arkansas and Mississippi, inflicting con¬ 
siderable damage. 

11th.— Operations of General Grant's army doton to the abandonment of the 
Chickahominy and the crossing of the Janies River. On the 7th, the enemy 
made an attack on the 9th Corjis, but without results. At six o’clock in 
the evening, an armistice was agreed to, by which the dead and wounded, 
who had lain for three or four days on the neutral ground between the 
hostile lines, were cared for. The 8th, 9th, 10th, and 11th June saw no 
event of great wonder to record. The usual desultory-skirmishing, 
with small cavalry and artillery encounters, and vast industry with the 
pick and spade, were observable. The face of the country, for several 
miles square, became completely defaced by crinle parallels, redans, 
lunettes, curtains, and j)its. Operations on the memorable and historic 
Chickahominy closed to-day. Our army received orders to prepare to 
move to a new and distant line of operations. The United States gun¬ 
boat Lavender was lost by running on Cape Lookout, in the night time. 
On the 15th the wreck was discovered by the John Faren, which, with 
much difficulty, succeeded in getting off the officers and crew, whom 
she carried to Newbern. Some of the men were bruised in a fearful 
manner, and so much exhausted as to be perfectly insensible, having 
been on the wreck four days and nights without food. The Lavender 
was a new boat, this being her first trip. Operations in ires< Virginia. 
General Hunter and his co-operating commands, which moved, within 
a few days, from Staunton, Virginia, met McCausland’s brigade, at Lex¬ 
ington, to-day, and defeated him. .\t Cynthiana, Kentucky, Morgan’s 
men surrounded two Ohio regiments—raw troops, numbering 1,51K) men ; 
under General Hobson, and easily compelled their surrender. They 
Viurned part of the town, in order to dislodge our men. They also visited 
Lexington, robbing and plundering at pleasure. 

12th.—General Burbridge came up with the raider Morgan, having 
marched his cavalry 90 miles in 24 liours. Dispositions were immedi¬ 
ately made for battle; the fight was fierce and sanguinary, lasting over 
an hour, and resulted in the complete rout of the guerrillas. Our loss 
was 150 ; theirs, in killed, wounded, and jirisoners, 500. They were com¬ 
pelled to leave behind them over 1,000 liorses and a large amount of 
their plunder, the result of their week’s work in neighboring towns. 
Over 100 of the Ohio troops, which Morgan so easily captured on yes¬ 
terday, were recovered. 

13th.—Accounts from the island of Bermuda, up to this date, state 
that, in five days, there had been arrivals there of five steamers, from 
Wilmington, North Carolina, with an aggregate of 3,300 bales of cotton, 
and nearly 2,000 boxes of tobacco, besides quantities of turjientine, etc. 
Colonel Kirk’s expedition across the Great Smoky Mount^ns, into 



June, 1804.] 


HISTORY OP THE WAR. 


179 


North Carolina, returned to Knoxville, Tennessee, on the 8th of July, 
having skirmished frequently during the month’s trip, and having de¬ 
stroyed much rebel property. 

lath.— Abandonment of the deeign to take Richmond from the north side —• 
Commencement of operations on the new lines. On the evening of the 12th, 
Sunday, (ieneral Grant, having determined to abandon the old and well- 
fqiight fields of the Cliickahominy, and seek a new base of operations, 
fifty miles distant, on the south side of the James, commencecf to move 
Ins army. Mucdicare had to be taken in extricating his troops from 
their intrenehments, situated, as they were, under the rebel guns at 
Cold Harbor. This was, however, achieved in such a noiseless manner, 
that the ever-vigilant foe was not, for some time, aware of the departure 
of the bulk of the army. The bridges used in the crossing of the Chick- 
ahominy were Long Bridge and Jones Bridge. The column which 
crossed the former, on Monday, the 13th, had a brisk skirmish ne.ar 
White-oak Bridge, where we lost about 200 men, but drove the enemy 
back. We lost the skirmish line at Cold Harbor by being cut otf, as 
might be ex|)ected; these, and some few stragglers, would foot up 450 
men, the tohd loss sushvined during this brilliant and rapid movement. 
The James was crossed between Kort Powhatan and Windmill Point; 
partly by pontoons 2,000 feet long. The entire army was safely across by 
the 15th. The cavalry made a reconnoissance toward Malvern Hill, 
north of the James, and found the enemy jiosted in strong force, where 
he expected General Grant to make a demonstration. An important and 
nearly successful as.sault was made, on the 15th, by W. F. Smith’s 18th 
Corps and Hiiiks’ negro division, in all, 18,000 men, on the strong positions 
of Petersburg, from tiie north-east, at about the same points attempted by 
Gillrnore, on the 8th. Smith’s corps was the first to reach Petersburg, in 
the advance from the Cliickahominy; he made an impetuous charge, 
and drove Wuse’s brigade from their works, captured Hi guns, a battle- 
flag. and an entire Virginia regiment; and, had the 2d Corps, or .some 
other fresh troops, come up in time, the second line might have been 
taken, and the city of Petersburg would be in our gr.asp. Our loss in 
this sortie was about 500. Birney, of the 2d Corjis, held the rebel earth¬ 
works through the night. Kautz's ami Spears’ brigades of cavalry en¬ 
deavored to take the works on the extreme right, near the Norfolk'Rail- 
road, but they were found to be too strong. General Sherman's operations 
in Georgia. A large portion of the Army of the Cutnberland arrived within 
a short distance of Kena.saw Mountain, near JMarietta, Georgia, where 
Johnston had fortified contiguous to the works at Lost Mountain, six 
miles distant. General Hooker, after a .severe fight, obtained possession 
of Pine Mountain. It was here that the rebel General Leonidas Polk 
was killed. Polk was formerly an Episcopal Bishop. 

lytli .—Commencement of operations against Petersburg by General Grant — 
Lee reinforced by Beauregard. No time was lost, after the bulk of the 
army crossed the James, before hostile demonstrations were commenced 
against Petersburg, which, until within a lew days, was known to be 
weakly garrisoned. The attacking columns were composed of Han¬ 
cock’s 2d Corps, who led the .assault at six o’clock. This corps sus¬ 
tained the most loss. The Dth Corps, (Burnside’s,) who had made forced 
marches from Charles Court-house, to be in time, held the left, while 
the 18th Corps, under W. F. Smith, was on the right, but did not take 
much part in the combat. After three hours’ destructive fighting, dur¬ 
ing which some good positions were wrested from the enemy, he opened 
h^vily on the 2d and 9th, when the assault was suspended until morn¬ 
ing. Potter’s division of the 9th lost heavily jin his gallant charge- 
pi^ bably 500 ; the 2d Corps about 400. Three hundred skirmishers of 
the 2d Corps were taken prisoners. Our total losses were about 2,000; 
the enemy’s was less, owing to the advantageous position he occupied. 


ISO 


HISTORY OF THE WAR. 


[June, 1864, 


Lieutenant-General Grant, appreciating the tremendous labors of the 
troops, in front of Petersburg, fighting by day and intrenching by night, 
has ordered the distribution among them of a whisky ration. Lee was 
heavily reinforced to-day by Beauregard, who suddenly left his in- 
trenchrnents, near Bermuda Hundred. 

17th.— ContinualioU of operations against Petersburg hij General Grant. 
A dashing and successful attack was made by Potter’s division, of Burn¬ 
side’s 9th Corj)S, at daylight, capturing and holding two of the enemy’s 
redoubts. We cajftured 9 guns and 400 ))ri.‘<oners. Later in the day, 
Ledlie’s division of the same corps took some breastworks, which he 
held until night, when, after tliree unsuccessful and sanguinary attempts 
to retake the lost intrenchments, the enemy, finally, made one more 
severe assault and drove our men out. Heavy and destructive skirnrish- 
ing going forward all day; our losses about 1,000; enemy’s about the 
same. Griffin’s tirigade acted gallantly. Birney was unsuccessful in 
the center, and Potter was ultimately compelled to retire. General 
Foster, commanding the Department of the South, forwards the follow¬ 
ing dispatch, dated June 15, at Hilton Head, S. C.: “I have the honor to 
report that I have to-day received from IMajor-General Samuel Jones, 
commanding the rebel forces in this department, a letter stating that 
five general officers of the United States, as prisoners of war, had been 
})laced in Charleston, to be retained there under our fire. Against this 
weak and cruel act 1 have protested. In the mean time, the fire on the 
city is continued. I respectfully ask that an equal number of rebel offi¬ 
cers, of equal rank, may be sent to me, in order that 1 may place them 
under the rebel fire as long as our officers are exposed in Charleston.” 
The Department has issuetl a retaliatory order, transferring to General 
Foster an equal number of rebel general ofiicers, to be treated in the 
manner proposed, as long as our officers are expo.sed in Charleston. 

18th.— Operations before Petersburg. Unsuccessful tei-niination of the four 
dags' siege. The fourth day of the siege of Petersburg closed with no 
brighter results than on the days jireceding. In the morning, Beaure¬ 
gard was found to have abandoned his outermost works. Toward noon, 
two desperate attempts were made to storm the enemy's position on the 
right center, by parties from Gibbons’ and I\lotts’ divisions of the 2d 
Corps. They were speedily driven back by a withering and destructive 
fire; meanwhile, the’ 9th Corps and the ’f)th did all that indomitable 
courage could do to storm and capture the works confronting their lines, 
but without avail. The Gth and 18th Corps, on the extreme right, met 
with no better success, at the points a,ssailed, hut did not sustain the 
losses known to the other corps. Our losses will amount to about 6,ut)(), 
killed, wounded, and })risoners. Operations in South-western Virginia. 
General Hunter’s expedition, consisting of Crook’s, Sullivan’s and Averill’s 
com mauds, against Lynchburg, Virginia, met with reverses. There wa.s 
very hot skirmishing to-day, two miles from the city, when Early came 
up, with 15,000 men, and, not being in force to give battle, the Federal 
commander retired. On the route of his retreat, however, he effected 
immense dainage to the rebel lines of communication. The Union 
lo.^is, during the entire movement, which commenced on the 5th June, 
amounts to 600, killed, wounded, and missing, and seven guns and (300 
horses captured. The enemy’s casualties are supposed to be large. 
We captured 1,300 on the 5th of June. General Sherman's operations in 
Georgia. Since the battle on the 15th, heavy skirmishing, on an exten¬ 
sive and wasteful scale, was experienced, on the Kith, 17th, and 18th, in 
front of the rebel position, at Kenesaw and Lost Mountains. The )x>si- 
tion is one complete net-work of fortifications. The army advanced, 
surely and steadily, closing in on the enemy’s intrenchments, under a 
murderous fire. All day long, on the 18th, the incessant rattle of mus¬ 
ketry and the roar of artillery continued, with little intermission through 


June, 18<54. 


HISTORY OP THE WAR, 


181 


the night. Works were constructed immediately under the enemy’s sharp¬ 
shooters, but with great sacrifice of life. Our captured prisoners amount 
to several hundred. The rebel cavalry still attempt to disturb General 
Sherman’s movements, by raiding on his communications. Rebel Gen« 
eral Wharton, commanding a brigade of 2,500 men, to-day crossed the 
railroad between Kingston and Dalton, capturing and burning five freight 
trains, laden with supplies. Captain Glover, also, made a"raid on the 
1 ‘ailroad, five miles from Resaca, and captured two freight trains with 
supplies. 

loth.—The Confederate cruiser Alabama, aWa* “290,” which has so 
long been the scourge of our commerce, was destroyed otf the port of 
Cherbourg, France, by the United States steamer Kear.'<arge, Captain 
Winslow. The Alabama, Captoin Seinmes, arrived at Cherbourg on the 
14th, from a cruise in the Indian Ocean. In accordance with the French 
law of neutrality, she was warned to leave that port. On the morning of 
the 19ih, she steamed out of the harbor, having previously sent a chal¬ 
lenge to Captain Winslow. The Kearsarge stood off for about three 
leagues, so as to be sure that the action should take place clear of French 
maritime jurisdiction ; she then turned to meet the enemy. The force 
of the two vessels was, as nearly as possible, equal. The .Alabama opened 
fire at 11 o’clock, at long range, the Kearsarge reserving her fires 
until they came closer. During the action, both vessels moved in a 
series of circles, gradually diminishing, and having a common center, 
BO that each kept her starboard battery bearing upon her opponent. 
The fire of the .Alabama was more rapid, that of the Kearsarge more 
accurate. The commander of the Kearsarge had taken the precaution 
to protect, in a measure, some vital jioints of his vessel, by suspending 
the iron anchor-chains over the side. In less than an hour, the Alabama 
was in an almost sinking state, and her commander attempted to rim 
toward the shore, in order to reach P'rench water; the Kearsarge 
crowded all steam to shut her off, and, coming within 40U yards, de¬ 
livered a broadside, which reduced the enemy to a hopeless condition. 
Captain .Semrnes, finding his vessel going down, struck her flag, or¬ 
dered his crew to jumjt overboard, and .sent a boat, with an officer, to 
surrender his vessel, and ask assistance to save his crew. IMeanwhile, 
an Knglish yacht, the Deerhound, owned by a IMr. Lancaster, had come 
out of Cherbourg to see the fight. He was hailed from the Kearsarge, 
and requested to aid in saving the crew of the Alabama. Ilis boats 
picked up about fortj', including Hemmes and most of his officers; tho 
fwats of the Kearsarge saved sixty, 'fhe Alabama lost seven killed on 
board, seventeen drowned, and twelve wounded. The loss of the Kear¬ 
sarge was three wounded—only one mortally. The ves.sel was scarcely 
liarmed. Meanwhile, the commander of the Deerhound put off for tho 
English coast, with tlie men whom he had picked up. Semrnes was 
landed in England, and received with much warmth. The Alabama 
was built in England, and sailed from Liverpool for the Azores, July 29, 
18(32, where she took her armament on l)oard. Captain Ralfih Semrnes 
assumed command .August 24, 18ii2. This pirate captured and destroyed 
about eighty ships and barks belonging to merchants of the United 
States, including the U. S. gun-boat Hatteras. 

21st .—(Jontiimation of operalious against Petersburg by General Grant. Nc 
very important maneuvers have to be recorded since the 18th. Beau¬ 
regard, strongly reinforced, still pertinaciously defends the jilaee, and 
coiitrary to the most .sanguine hopes of the Union General, the little citj 
yet bids him defiance. On the 19th and 20tli, there was a series of 
Kkirmishing and cannonading, lasting all day. A rebel division at 
tacked General Butler’s lines, at Bermuda Hundred, but with loss t< 
themselves; however, they retook some works which they lost las 
week, and patched up the railroad cominuuicatiou between Betexsburi 


282 


HISTORY OP THE WAR. 


[Juue, 1864. 


and Richmond, which our cavalry had cut. The enemy, also, threw up 
works at Turkey Bend, burned some w'harves on the James, and was 
otherwise active, doing all the harm he could. A considerable force, 
composed of the 2d Corps, and parts of the 5th and Cth, made an attempt 
to destroy the Petersburg and Weldon Railroad, which, on approaching, 
was found to be well protected. Our advance was checked by the enemy 
becoming the assailant. The day closed in heavy and wasteful skirm¬ 
ishing. General Foster’s division of the 10th Corps secured a desirable 
position at Deep Bottom, on the James. The rebel rams, near Dutch 
Gap, made a sally on our iron-dads, on the James River, aided by some 
shore batteries, but were punished for their temerity. A strong force of 
Wade Hampton’s cavalry threatened a force of 2,000 convalescents, un¬ 
der General Abercrombie, left to guard Sheridan’s wagon train, at White 
House, near Cold Harbor, while he was engaged on an expedition toward 
Gordonsville. By aid of the gun-boats, they were diiven off, Sheridan 
and his force appearing about this time. Hampton had followed him 
closely, for several day.s, and got in here before him, with the intention of 
destroying all his train. 

22d.— Continuation of operations against Petersburg. To-day saw another 
movement, like that of yesterda 3 % against the Weldon Railroad, but with 
results temporarily disastrous. The 2d and Cth Corps moved to take 
up positions, and eiich did not accord to the other the protection needed, 
thereby leaving a weak gap, through which A. P. Hill massed his legions. 
Hanking, with unfortunate rapidity, the unthinking division command. 
In the sudden shock and confusion, several whole regiments, together 
with McKnight’s Ibur-gun battery and Pierce’s entire brigade, were swept 
off and captured, without the chance of resistance. At this point, the 
20th iMassachusetts Regiment executed a change of front, and, by cool¬ 
ness, skill, and admirable gallantry, checked the triumphant and very 
dangerous advance of the enemy. The rebels captured 1,700 prisoners. 
We had 500 killed and wounded. Rebel loss was believed not to be severe. 
This disaster was all owing to the unskillful management of the divi¬ 
sion and corps commanders. The garrison at White River Station, 
Arkan.sas, was suddenly attacked by a regiment of the enemy, who were 
beaten off by the help of the gun-boat Lexington. Our loss was only 
si.x men; the enemy’s was greater. A cavalry regiment of the enemy 
was repulsed from Pine Bluff, with some loss. Considerable skirmish¬ 
ing had, also, taken place at Brownsville, Arkansas. 

23d.—General Palmer has returned from an expedition to Newbern, 
North Carolina, which advanced into the interior as far as Kinston, de¬ 
stroyed a large amount of railroad property and Government stores, and 
captured a number of prisoners. General Sherman's advance in Georgia. 
4fter the engagement of the 18th, General Sherman pressed the rebels 
?o hard they were compelled to <lraw in their lines on the left from Lost 
Mountain, concentrating all at Kenesaw, fearing to be surrounded. To- 
lay the rebels assaulted Schofield and Hooker, but were promptly re- 
^ul.sed. Operations before Petersburg. The Weldon Railroad still con- 
inued to be the point of interest, as on yesterday. A Vermont brigade 
)f the 0th Corps (Wright’s) were sent to hold a position, not then cov- 
n-ed by the enemy. They had hardly reached the ground, when the 
ebel General Anderson’s divi.sion flanked them, capturing several hun- 
Ired prisoners, and some loss sustained in killed and wounded. This 
nisfortune, following yesterday’s, caused much gloom in the army. 
?here was considerable firing, also, in Butler’s front, and, on the north 
ide, Foster’s troops were attacked by artillery on Thursday afternoon, 
a well as on the previous night. But the enemy were speedily silenced, 
nd no damage done at either point 

24th.—The^steainer Queen City was attacked, while at Clarendon, 
irkansas, on the V^hite River, by the rebel General Shelby, with a largo 


June, 1804.] 


IIISTOKY OF TUB WAR. 


183 


force and four pieces of artillery, and, after a sharp figlit of half an 
hour, she surrendered. Our los.s was about forty men; twenty-three 
e.sca})ed. The steamer was blown up by her captors, after hastily re¬ 
moving her stores and arms, as a reinforcement of three gup-boats were 
observed bearing dovvn. .An engagement followed, during which our 
gun-boats ran by the battery, driving off the enemy, and recapturing one 
of the Queen City’s guns. Our gun-boats then returned to Duval’s Hlntf, 
and co<nmunicated with General Steele, at Little Roelc. The latter at 
once sent out General Carr, with four cavalry regiments, to Clarendon. 
On the 27th, General Can encountered the enemy, under Shelby, in a 
severe battle, l>etween Sheridan and St. Charles, and totally defeated 
him, capturing 2()0 prisoners, including 18 officers and several guns. 
Our loss was about 200, w hile*that of the enemy was twice as great. The 
design of the enemy is to cut Steele’s communications tty Itlockading 
"White River. Shelby had not yet returned to Clarendon, at latest ad¬ 
vices, and iMarmaduke, with 0,000 men, was 10 miles below Napoleon. 
"W'hile General Sheridan’s cavalry column was on its way from White 
House to rejoin the main army south of the James, he sustained a check 
similar to tliat met with a few days before, when on his Gordonsville raid, 
where he lost G(K) in killed, wounded, and jirisoners. As the column 
neared St. IMary’s Church, not far from Charles City Court-house, they 
found the enemy had again anticipated him. It was Wade Hampton’s 
forces, who still, as on the 21st, threw themselves with the avowed pur- 
po.se of annihilating him. The affair was very bloody—one of the brisk¬ 
est and severest cavalry battles of the campaign—and Sheridan’s rear 
guard was badly handled. lie succeeded, however, in beating the enemy 
otf, toward nightfall, after the loss of 4(K) men. He saved all his guns 
and wagon train, wliich was several miles in length. He marched a few 
miles further, and reached the cover of the gun-boats on the James 
River. 

2oth .—Continuation of operations against Petersburg. Little has been 
effected worth notice since the 23d. Considerable cannonading was done 
on the 24th The enemy, flushed by his successes on the 23d, directed 
an assault against the position held by the 10th Corps, which ended in 
the capture of 200 prisoners, including 5 officers, our loss being small. 
On the 25th, the chief demonstration was against the 5th and 9th Corps, 
at night. A heavy artillery fire was opened, at the end of which, the 
enemy pushed a strong skirmish line up to our breastworks. They were 
repulsed, with much loss. The celebrateil mine under one of the 
strong earthworks of the enemv, at Petersburg, was commenced, with 
the utmost secresy, by Colonel lPlea.sants, of the 48th Pennsylvania Vol¬ 
unteers. It was started in the side of a ravine, and was pushed toward 
a formiilable fort of the enemy, situated about 2,000 yards from Peters¬ 
burg. The distance to te mined was about 500 teet. The mine w.af 
constructed in the u.sual method. First, the surface was carefully ineas- 
ured. The gallery was made in the usual shape, about four feet wide ai 
the bottom, sloping uf) to the top. It was about 4)4 feet high and 500 fee 
long. The ground rose toward the enemy’s fort, which caused the tun 
nel to be sloped upward as it i)rogres.‘<ed. Difficulties in water aiu 
quick.sands were encountered. It took three weeks before the fort wa.< 
reached. It was about 20 feet overhead. Wings were extended righ 
and left from the main gallery, running along the outer edge of the fort 
Wooden pipes ran from the magazines toward the mouth of the gallery 
and were connected there by a ho.se, or fuse, which extended- the res 
of the distance. It was not exploded until the 30th of July. Lafayette 
north-east of Nashville, Tennessee, was attacked by a force of rebelf 
under General Pillow, estimated at 3,000. A demand' for the surrende 
of the town was refused. The rebels were repulsed, leaving 100 dea 
and wounded. 


184 


HISTORY OP THE WAR. 


[June, 1864. 


27th.— Continuation of operations againat Petersburg. The 26th was an 
unu.«iially quiet day, all along the line. On the 27th, our batteries fired 
into the l-’etersl:)urg bridge, at a distance of 2,000 yards. The 80-pounder 
Parrott sent its five-minute tne.ssengers into the city, with the usual reg¬ 
ularity ; the enemy retahateil with a fierce discharge Irom their heavy 
guns. Battle of Kenesaw Mountain, (icorgia, beticeen General Sherman's 
army and Johnston. An advance was ordered along the entire line, with 
the purpose of covering an attempt to force the rebels from their posi¬ 
tion on Kenesaw Mountain. The position to be attempted was one 
which offered but a desperate cliance of success. On the summit ot the 
rugged mountain peak, covered with a dense growth of underbush, the 
rebels had stationed a battery of twelve guns, from which they main¬ 
tained a withering cros.s-fire on our troops, engaged in forcing a passage 
up the steep sides of the mountain, and over the abattis and ritle-})its, 
behind which the enemy lay sheltered. The Union commander made 
two fierce assaults, in the hope of dislodging the enemy, but without 
success. General McPherson’s three corps, under Logan, Dodge, and 
Blair, as well as Palmer, Hooker, and Schofield’s columns, exhibited ex¬ 
traordinary valor and endurance; but the. rebel position vyas found unas¬ 
sailable, and, after fighting two hours, our troojis were withdrawn. Our 
loss was heavy in field officers; vre had about 2,500 men killed and 
wounded. Numbers of our men were injured by huge rocks hurled 
down upon them from a high cliff. No estimate can be made of the 
rebel loss. He kept clear, behind his breastworks, all through the as¬ 
sault. General Harker was killed. An armistice was agreed upon, on 
the 28th, for the pur})ose of burying the dead. 

30th.— Continuation of operations before Petersburg. General Smith, with 
/he 18th Corps, made an attempt to carry one of the enemy’s earth¬ 
works, late at night. Owing to the incautious maneuver of a brigade 
jommander, who exposed the movement, it ended in a failure. It cost 
IS 150 men, in killed and wounded. The enemy lost, in Hagood’s 
diarge, over 3(X) men. The celebrated cavalry raiders, Wilson and 
vautz, met with severe reverses. These Generals left camp on the 21st, 
vith 7,000 cavalry and 10 guns, and, for the first few days, achieved really 
ji'illiant results. They destro 5 ’ed 05 miles ot the Petersburg and Lynch- 
)urg Railroads, burning tanks and stations without number, and inflicted 
)ther important losses on the refiels. They penetrated as far as 
furkesvilie, on the 25th, when their further progress westward was stub- 
lornly disptited. The enemy were found in large force, with cavalry and 
nfirntry, well intrenched. A sluirp and destructive skirmish enstted, with 
onsiderable loss. Again, on the 20th and 27th, on their return to the 
Inion lines, they had to give and take battle almost every hour during 
he day and night, under the most harassing and disadvantageous cir- 
umstances. The main body, with difficulty, escaped total annihilation, 
•n the 28th, their situation became extremely critical. Being unable to 
epe with the rapidly-increasing force of volunteers and guerrillas fiock- 
ig under P^itzhugh Lee, IMahone, and P^innegan, who swarmed upon 
very road and waylaid every creek, the commanders of these now dis- 
rganized and worn-out troops determined to make the best of their 
ay to the Federal lines, each man as he could, until it became a dis- 
raceful stampede, a general helter-skelter race for camp, over ditch 
id fence, through swamp and wood, dodging into by-j)aths to escape 
le enemy, who hotly pursued and follow'ed’close up to our lines. Late 
1 the 28th, the main part of Kautz’s force reached camp. Wh.at w.as 
ft of Wilson’s force did not arrive until two days after. Wilson saved 
mself by making a wide circuit to avoid the enemy. The whole force 
\s in a p'itiatile condition, both men and horses jaded and worn, after 
eir severe fighting and the relentless harassing of the enemy—their 
•parel and accouterments gone, their horses hardly able to walk. 


July, 1864.] 


HISTORY OP THE WAR. 


185 


They lost the entire wagon and ambulance train, all their gung (sixteen 
in niunher), and many horses. In men, our total loss was about 1,200. 
\V hen the news of this di.‘iaster reached General INIeade’s head-quarters, 
the (ith Corps and Sheridan’s cavalry were sent to Ream’s Station, to the 
aid of the stragglers, and to beat back the foe reported to be there, but 
tailed to find any of the enemy. If the first series of operations against 
the rel:)el capital, have proved abortive, it resulted only from Tiee’s 
gigantic efforts in dragging his last man into the Virginia breastworks. 
It was Grant’s first intention to fall upon the enemy, again and again, 
from the. Kapidan to the Chickahominy, till, at last, when weakened and 
distressed, he reached his capital, the city would prove an easy conquest 
for our legions, flu.shed and nuoyant with victory. The scheme failed, 
not from lack of incessant marches or of desperate battles, but simply 
from the numerical strength of the enemy, aided by impregnable jrosi- 
tions. He was driven back and b.ack, from Mine Run to Mechanicsville, 
but, when our forces surged u}) against his farthest intrenchrncnts, ho 
was strong enough still to dash us from them. Tlie worlc, has been gal¬ 
lantly done. The marching has been of remarkable celerity ; the fight¬ 
ing bloody, and .sometimes terrific; the changes, of position, to meet 
the exigencies of the moment, promptly conceived and executed. Five 
times, since the march from Culpejiper, the enemy has set himself, 
across our )>ath, and four times has been dislodged. Our forces occu¬ 
pied Marietta, Georgia, early this morning. The rebels having evacu¬ 
ated Kenesaw Mountain, during the night. General Sherman immedi¬ 
ately sent a force to harass their rear. Mr.Cha.se resigned his post as 
Secretary of the Treasury. The place was offered and accepted by Hon. 
William Pitt Fessenden, Senator from Maine, and Chairman of the Fi¬ 
nance Committee in the Senate. On the whole, while matters look mod¬ 
erately well before Richmond, and more encouragingly still before 
Atlanta, most of the recent operations, ap.art from the.se two main points, 
liave not lent much to the prowess of our arms. The defeat of Mor¬ 
gan, in Kentucky, and of ^larmaduke, in Arkansas, however, must bo 
put on the credit side. Affairs in Louisiana look less gloomy, under 
the direction of the new commandant. General Canby, than they did six 
weeks ago, under Banks. 

.Ilu.Y 1, 18(i4.— Operations before Petersburg. There was little done by 
the army before Petersburg until the very last day of the month. All 
the energies of the commanders culminated in the events of that day. 
There was, of course, the usual slight skirmishing ; captures, on a small 
scale, on both sides; cavalry charges on outposts; cavalry reconnois- 
sances, by day and night; shelling of positions, from land and water- 
batteries, involving much loss of life, but not of such magnitude as need 
Rjiecial mention in our record. During the first week of the month, 
large bodies of troops were dispatched to Maryland, to aid in driving out 
the raiders under Early. July l.st was a ouiet'daj'. A charge was made 
upon a strong earthwork, which General Ledlie had thrown up. The 
conflict was very sharp, but of short duration. The enemy was driven 
back, with considerable loss. The artillery firing on the 2d was a sharp 
two hours’ duel, in the afternoon, l>etween the batteries on Smith’s front 
and the enemy on the other side of the Appomattox. IMonday, the 4th 
of July, was celebrated by a .salvo of thirty-four double-shotted dis¬ 
charges from Smith’s batteries. Series of small expeditions to the islands 
around Charleston, South Carolina. On the night of the Ist of July, an ex¬ 
pedition, under Major-General Foster, secretly left Hilton Head and firo- 
ceeded toSeabrook’s Island, reaching there on the 2d. General Hatch 
crossed the cut to John’s Island, and traveled to a point south of Le- 
gareville, and there bivou.acked. There was some skirmishing, in which 
our loss, in killeil and wounded, was small. Another column, under Gen¬ 
eral Birney, moved up the North Edisto to White Point, his lauding 


186 


HISTORY OF THE WAR. 


[July, 1S64. 


being covered by the gun-boats. Next morning, after marching about 
five miles, he was fired on by a field battery, when he returned to Stonj 
lliver. Still another force crossed from Folly Island to James Island, 
and advanced toward a rebel battery. Here the enemy opened on them 
with canister from two brass pieces, and created some confusion. But 
the 55lh Massachusetts (colored) charged, rushing over the jiarajiet, and 
captured the two cannon, with the loss of forty men. These troops 
were subsequently withdrawn. On the 2d, a bold attempt was made to 
seize Fort Johnson, on James Island, by crossing Morns Island. A >iart 
of the 62d Pennsylvania landed, but the boats, with part of the 127th 
(Brooklyn) New York Regiment, grounded on the shoals. The advance 
gallantly dashed at an intrenched battery, and took it in a brilliant 
charge. Colonel Hoyt then pushed his men against Fort Johnson, but was 
received with a terrific fire by the light and heavy batteries on the line. 
Our men could do nothing against such odds, so they retreated to tho 
boats. The enemy, however, succeeded, by pushing out a force, in cut¬ 
ting off 5 officers and 132 men. The remainder of our force was with¬ 
drawn, the assault having failed. On the 4th and 5th, our gun-boats and 
monitors engaged Battery Pringle from the Stono River, and the shell¬ 
ing of Charleston has since been vigorous. General tiherman'a Georgian 
campaign. After the unsuccessful assault of the 27th June, General 
Schofield forced the enemy to evacuate Kenesaw Mountain. He did 
this by e.xecuting a flank movement. On the 1st July, our forces fol¬ 
lowed quickly in pursuit, and took a large number of prisoners, prob¬ 
ably 1,000. On the 3d, Joe Johnston commenced crossing the Chatta- 
lioochee, still faithful to his retreating instincts. He still professes do his 
government to adopt the policy of drawing the Union General from his 
base of supplies, and, consequently, reducing his chances for succor, 
should atiy be needed, while he promises to come down on the deluded 
Blierman m a ruthless manner, and annihilate him. 

2d.—Great depredations were committed by the guerrillas. Three 
trains—some persons say six—were destroyed by them. On the 5th, 
the whole army of the “great Retreater,” Johnston, was across the 
river, and ensconced in a position of great natural strength, made still 
stronger by the engineers. His loss, in prisoners, is said to be two or 
three thousand men since he left Kenesaw Mountain. Etibrts are being 
made to raise the Monitor Keokuk, sunk off Morris Island, during Ad¬ 
miral Dupont’s attack on Charleston. On the 1st inst , a blockade-run¬ 
ner was set on fire and totally destroyed by a lioat exiiedition from the 
Hartford, off IMohile Bay. The boarding })arty was covered by several 
of our gun-boats, but the enemy’s force, which was lying withm a short 
distance, did not open fire until the blockade-runner .had been eom- 
])letely burned out. The name of the vessel was not ascertained. 
Formidable invasion of Idarylainl htj the rebel General Jubal Early. Early, 
after deleating Hunter, at LynchVairg, on the 18th June, and being largely 
reinforced by Breckinridge and Rhodes, penetrated, unmolested, up the 
Bhenandoah Valley. Early had about 20,<M)() troojis. He came within 
sight of Martinsburg, Virginia, to-day. The mistake of leaving the 
Shenandoah open to the enemy bids fair to be serious. General Sigel 
abandoned Martinsburg, Virginia, on the advance of General Early, on 
the 3d, without firing a gun. He retreated to Sharpsburg, Maryland. 
Vast quantities of quarter-master’s and commissaries’ stores were left 
behind, in the flight. At Leetown, Virginia, a slight skirmish took place, 
when some 30 of Bigel’s men were wounded, and the rest of his force 
sent flying toward the Potomac. On the 4th of July, Early had posses¬ 
sion of all the country beiween Winchester, Virginia, and Williamsport., 
Maryland. At OP. M., Sigel held Maryland Rights, Harper’s Ferry hav¬ 
ing been evacuated by Colonel Mulligan’s forces, who burned the iron 
trestle bridge over the Potomac. All the farmers and citizens were seized 


July, 1864.] 


HISTORY OP THE WAR. 


18T 


With wildest terror. The road.s were filled with pedestrians, on their 
way to Baltimore, with droves of cattle, and wagons carrying such goods 
and valuables as the owners had dared to pick up. The terror of the 
fugitives wtis humiliating, and their stories of what they had .seen anrl 
heard extravagant. Tlie panic was universal, and the region, for miles, 
became de|)Oj>ulated. The enemy’s cavalry broke up into bodies for 
securing forage, horses, and all other ))lunder, and for levying contribu¬ 
tions on the j>eof)le. U. S. steamer Keystone ca})tured the British 
steamer Rouen. She was from Bermuda, bound for Wilmington, North 
Carolina, with a cargo of blankets, etc. Grierson’s cavalry has been 
skirmishing continually with Roddy’s cavalry, between La Grange and 
Corinth, JIississip}>i. There was a skirmish near Sansbury, and our 
picket line was driven in, but sub.«equently re-established, the enemy 
sutfering some loss. A large force captured the Federal stockade at 
Brownsboro, Alabama, with a )>art of its garrison of I'X) men. Our 
pickets were also driven in at Iluntsville, Alabama, a few miles distant. 
A lew guerrillas were operating about five miles south of Nashville, on 
the railroad. 

3d.—General Oennis moved from Vicksburg to Jackson, IMississippi, 
with a force of 3,000 men. Ir^locum took charge of the expedition, at 
Champion Hills. Jackson was easily occupied on the 5th, the enemy 
being driven beyond it. On the evening of the Glh, the troops were 
withdrawn, when the enemy attacked our column in front, but without 
succe.ss. While returning, the next day, our rear was twice assailed, but 
the enemy was repulsed. Our loss, during the expedition, was some¬ 
thing over 150. The enemy’s loss was about 200; they also had C cap¬ 
tains killed. No private projK-rty was destroyed. The object of the 
expedition was to destroy tlie radway between Jackson and Canton; 
but, after all, it did not accon)plish much. Another force started from 
Ro(iney, Mis.sissippi, consisting of two negro regiments. This force was 
checked by a su]>crior body of rebel cavalry, aiid, after a hard fight, on 
the 6th, and the loss of about 150, returned, and abandoned the attempt. 
Several days after. General Slocum, reorganizing his command, again 
penetrated Mis.si.ssippi in greater force. The session of Congress clos¬ 
ing on the 4th of .July, an act was passed increasing the i)av of non¬ 
commissioned officers and privates aVxnit 25 per cent., making the 
pay of privates $16, instead of $13, as formerly. This to take effect from 
the 1st of May. 

5th.— Progress of the overwhelming raid of Jtihnl Early into Maryland. 
The Chesapeake and Ohio Canal, running along the Potomac from Alex¬ 
andria to Cumberland, was very seriou.^ly datnaged by the Confederates. 
They held the Baltimore and Ohio Railroad as far down as Sandy Hook, 
Maryland. They tore up a considerable jiortion of the line. President 
Lincoln made a call for 12,000 Pennsylvania militia, 12,(MK) from New 
York, and 6,(K)0 from Mass.achuseits. General Couch’s head-quarters 
were at Chambersburg, Pennsylvania, whither many of the Pennsyl¬ 
vania troops repaired, and General AVallace’s at Baltimore. Hunter’s 
forces were apj)roaching the .scene of action. The enemy were .scatter¬ 
ing in various directions, crossing the Potomac at several points, both 
below and above Harper’s Ferry. A portion of Early’s cavalry, under 
McCausland, accompanied by a battery, took pos.session of H.agerstown, 
on the 6th, and plundered the stores. They m.ade a demand on the 
peojiie for $20,000 and some outfits, all of which was quickly furnished. 
The marauders then withdrew. Our forces (few in number) had previ¬ 
ously retired, and had marched clear to Chambersburg, Pennsylvania, 
without once halting. Bands of the enemy occupie<l Williamsport, 
Bharpsburg, and Boonsboro, IMaryland, .sweeping every thing before 
them, without resistance. General A. J. Smitn left La Grange, Tenn., 
40 miles from Memphis, with the commands of Generals Mower and 


IBS 


HISTORY OP THE WAR. 


[July, 18C4. 


Grit'rson, to engage Forrest. The enemy, under Generals Forrest, Lee, 
and Walker, was encountered at Pontotoc on the i;5th, badly whipped on 
that day and the two lollowing, and driven beyond Tupelo. General 
Sinitli says: “ Our loss is small, compared to that of the rebels. I bring 
back every thing in good order.” T his is really an important achieve¬ 
ment, as the rebels in that section of Northern Mississippi and South¬ 
western Tennessee were becoming very menacing. Imj)elled by their 
successes over the unfortunate Federal General ISturgis, a month ago, at 
Guntown, Mississippi, they had become a terror tliroughout that section 
of country. 

fith.— General Sherman's operations in Georgia. The 23d Corps (Scho¬ 
field’s) were safely across the Chattahooche. The Georgia militia, who 
defended the river, at fir.st sight of the Union army, ran away. We were 
then enabled to flank their really impregnable position. On the ‘Jth, 
General Newton returned from Kossville, after destroying three cotton and 
woolen mills ; some ToU factory girls, found at work on Confederate cloth¬ 
ing, were sent North. On the same day, Joe Johnston, having found, to 
his dismay, that Sherman had cro.ssed a large portion of his army, and 
WHS then on his flank, packed up his heavy guns and ordered one more 
retreat. 

7th.— Operations before Petersburg. Little of importance transpired 
until the last day of the month. To-day a battery of heavy guns, in 
front of the 5th Corps, opened upon a working party of the enemy, who 
were discovered to be throwing up a new woik. The result was a gen¬ 
eral cannonading at that point, the sharp-shooters following the lead. 
On the 8th, the enemy made a. sudden dash on our intrenchments in 
front of the 18th Corps, biit were driven back before reaching them. A 
spirited artillery fire was then commenced all along the line. Our men, 
being well protected, lost perhaps not more than a score or two in 
killed and wounded. The enemy’s loss, in their unsuccessful charge, 
was, of course, greater. On the 10th, thirteen railroad trains passed be¬ 
tween Petersburg and Weldon, North Carolina, laden with rebel stores. 
This shows that our work in cutting the communication, on the 2t!th 
and 30th June, goes for naught. On the 7th inst., the United States 
steamers Azalea and- Sweet-brier captured the rebel schooner Poca¬ 
hontas, while attempting to pass out of Charleston harbor, bound to 
Nassau. The Pocahontas had on board fifty-three bales of cotton and 
two hundred and twenty-nine boxes of tobacco. A summary of marine 
lo.sses for July shows the loss of thirty-three vessels, and the total 
value of the property destroyed, captured, and missing is $2,359,000. 
Of these vessels, nine were captured and burned by rebel privateers. 
Since January 1, the whole number of vessels lost is two hundred and 
fifty-eight, and the loss in property is fixed at $12,546,.350. April was the 
most di.sastrous month, the losses for that month being sixty-two ves¬ 
sels, valued at $2,100,560. 

8th.— Continuation of the invasion of Maryland. General Lew. Wallace, 
who had taken command of the forces at Frederick, Maryland, a day 
or two since, deemed it prudent to withdraw' to a strong position at Mo- 
nocacy Junction. To-day, another party of the enemy, under Imboden, 
again entered Hagerstown, and plundered the citizens, exacting contri¬ 
butions. Several buildings w’ere burned. The United States steamer 
Sonoma, Lieutenant-Commander Mattliews, captured the small side- 
wheel steamer Ida, which vessel left Sapelo the night before, bound to 
Nassau. The Ida had on board, at the time of her capture, fifty-four 
bales of cotton, ten men, and a captain named Postell. 

9th.— Battle at Monocacy. On the 9th July, at sunrise, the rebels en¬ 
tered Frederick, Maryland, General Lew'. Wallace having evacuated the 
place last night. The enemy, under Early, at once levied contributions 
on the authorities to the enormous amount of $200,000, which was 


/lUy, 1864.] 


HISTORY OF THE WAR, 


189 


immediately paid; he then moved out to give battle to Wallace at Mo- 
noeaoy, four mile? distant. At 9 o’clock the engagement commenced. 
Ricketts’ veteran division of the 6(h Cor|).s, who had just arrived from 
Petersburg, held the left of our line, where the brunt of battle was 
most severely felt. The enemy’s infantry forded the stream, which lay 
between us and his main forces, drove back Ricketts, and, by the aid of 
his heavy batteries, got in the rear of our right, where the hundred-days 
men were posted. He here captured 600 raw troops. Wallace, thus out¬ 
flanked, fell back rapidly toward Ellicott’s Mills, Early pursuing for sev¬ 
eral miles. We lust l,2<i0 men, including very many officers. The 
enemy e.xceeded our forces as three to two. Small portions of the rebels 
raided upon Westminster and Ileisterstown, 10 miles from Baltimore . 
Both of these places were plundered. The rebels at Charleston, South 
Carolina, made an assault on our troops at John’s Island, but sulfered a 
loss of over 100 killed and wounded. At evening, however, our forces 
were moved again to James and Morris Islands. On the 11th, our forces 
as.saulted Battery Simpkins, with a like success to that on the 1st and 
2d of this month, at Fort Johnson. 

]t)th.— Covtinuation of the rebel invasion of Maryland. The excitement 
in Baltimore and Washington, on receipt of the news of the defeat of 
Wallace at Monocaey, was intense. In the former place, the alarm-bells 
were rung, at 6 o’clock, and the citizens were mustered for the defense 
of the city. A battalion of rebel cavalry dashed into. Darnestown, twenty 
miles from Washington, making a raid on the stables and stores, and 
again leaving for Frederick. The enemy continued to gather uj) horses, 
hogs, and sheep, sending all live stock across the Potomac, whose vari¬ 
ous fords they held by small cavalry forces. At Washington, prepara¬ 
tion was made by General Augur to resist attack, and, in addition to the 
ordinary forces, the marines, the home guards, and a large body of De¬ 
partment employe.s, were called out. ^Meantime, our forces began to 
clo.se in on the enemy’s rear. General Couch’s cavalry occupied Ha¬ 
gerstown on Saturday’ and a part of Hunter’s commanrl, who fell back 
toward Western Virgfnia, after his fruitless menace on Lynchburg, Juno 
18, now suddenly ajipeared and took jiossc.ssion of Martin.sburg, both of; 
which places had been abandoned by the enemy. Small detachments 
of rebel cavalry operated, during Sunday, on the railroads and in the 
country from ten to twenty miles above Ilaltimore, but the main body 
moved down toward Washington. On the 11th, the enemy was chiefly 
occupied in plunder, which they carried on, on a most extensive scale. 
Bridges were burned on the Northern Central road ; 2 trains were captured 
on the IMiiladelphia mail, in one of which was IMajoi-General Franklin, 
who was taken f)ri.soner, but who afterward succeeded in etfccting his 
escajie; and railroad communication wa.s susjiended between Washing¬ 
ton and the North. A large body of the rebels menaced Wa.shington, 
and, toward evening, threatened Fort Stevens, on the Seventh-street 
Road, about 7 miles from the Capital. The residence of Gov. Bradford, 
ft miles from the city, on the Charles-streot Road, was burned by them. 
The party that apjilicd the torch stated they did so in retaliation for 
the burning of Governor Le.tcher’.s house, lately, in Virginia, by our 
troops. The reliel forces continued to invest Wa.shington, moving 
nearer to the city than on yesterday, the 11th inst. Tovvard evening, 
the ret)el sharp-shooters had becotne so annoying, and the fact of their 
pre.«ence at the National Cajiital .so humiliating, that an attem)it was 
made by General Augur to dislodge them. A brigade of veteran infantry 
was dispatched along the Seventh-street Road, and attacked and com¬ 
pletely routed the enemy, who left about a hundred of their dead and. 
wounded on the field, near Silver Spring. Our own loss was reported at 
ftbout two hundred. 

11th .—General Sherman's operations in Georgia. The remainder of Sher- 



190 


HISTORY OF THE WAR. 


[July, 1864. 


man’s army crossed the wide and swift Chattahooche Biver, and occu¬ 
pied the works vacated by tlie ret>els. A large force, under General 
McPlierson, wont in hot pursuit of the flying Jolinston, and was not long 
in taking possession of the Atlanta and Augusta Railroad, thereby cut¬ 
ting off his retreat to the last-named town. On the 18th, General Joseph 
E. Johnston was removed by General Hardee, and Lieutenant-General 
J. B. Hood appointed his successor. Johnston confesses to the loss of 
15,000 men since the 1st of May. The actual strength of Hood’s army, 
at this time, was about 45,000. i 

T2th. — Snocesa/nl 7-aid of General Roufiseau. On the 10th, Rousseau left De- . 
catur, Alabama, with 2,700 cavalry. He crossed the Coosa River, on the 
13th, and was immediately attacked by Cranton, with some Alabama ^ 
cavalry. He soon scattered this party of rebels, killing and capturing 
many. He then visited Talladega, Tylocouga, Loachapoka, and Opelika, ; 
destroying quantities of niter and commissary stores; also, large iron I 
works. He destroyed 30 miles of the. !\lontgomery and West Point Rail¬ 
road, burning all the bridges and culverts, with 13 depots, besides cap¬ 
turing a train, heavily laden with ju'ovisions and cotton. At all of the 
aforementioned towns, he met with spirited opposition from large bands 
of rebel.s, as also at the crossing of the Tallajioosa River. General Rous- i 
seal! returned to Marietta, Georgia, having t»een over a week out. He 
only lost some 50, killed and wounded. Nearly 1,000 of the enemy were i 

captured and jiaioled, and over 100 killed anrl wounded ; GOO horses and ] 

mules were among the spoils collected. He thus made a successful j* 

circuit of 250 miles, starting from Northern Alabama, ])enctrating two- 
thirds of the State, aiiproaching close to Montgomery, Alabama, and j 

(hence pursuing a north-easterly course some days, reached Marietta, ,j 

Georgia. This raid was altogether the most successful of the throe 1 

great sorties, variously made by Generals Stoneman, IMcCook, Garrard, 
and Rousseau. 

13th— ConthmatioTi of the rebel iymnsion of MoriiIa7id. At length, the spec- J 
tacle of so long a rai(i through so many miles of our lines, and to the 
very gates of Washington, while the Federal Generals had been claiming | 

to inclose the enemy, as by an anaconda coil—undertaken, too, by a f 

force whose size had never been thoroughly tested and found out^— ' 

aroused our men. That sharj) attack from Fort Stevens, by General 
Augur, was attempted, and at once ended the raid. This morning tliero 
was no enemy to be seen in the vicinity. The force of rebels near Bla- 
densburg moved off, carrying cattle and horses with them. IMany head [ 
of cattle were sent across the Potomac, at Poolesville, together with 
what large stores they collected during the week, of forage, grain, bacon, : 
hogs, groceries, medicines, clothing, arnl sup}>lios of many sorts. The ; 
body of the enemy’s troops moved in force toward Edwards’ Ferry. 'I’he 
force of the enemy" was compo.sed of 15,000 infantry, under Breckinridge j 
and Rhodes, and'5,(K)0 cavalry, under Ransom, McCausland, Imboden, i 
Jack.son. and Johnson, with three batteries of artillery. The whole nas 
under Major-General Jubal Early. Their entire loss in this in\asion 
was little less than 1,000 men. He collected vast quantities of stores, > 

and over 4,000 hor.ses. A large part of the Army of the Potomac moved 1 

toward the borders of Virginia, to give pursuit to the rebels under Early, j 
on their retreat, after the invasion of Maryland. It was continued on the 
14th and 15th, and up to the 20th. i 

14th and 15th.— Operations before Petcrslmrg. The enemy’s firing on | 
our transports lying in the James River was continued, Iwo or three ] 
propellers being’.slightly damaged thereby. 

IGth.—A light battery opened from near Haxall’s Landing on the Men- 
dota. The gun-boat suffered a loss of eight killed, and was then with¬ 
drawn, after a brisk fight. On the 18th and 19th, there was heavy 







HISTORY OF THE WAR. 


July, 1804.] 


191 


mortar firinrf, from new 13-inch mortars, together with steady artillery 
tiring in front of the .“itl), 9th, and T8th Corps. 

iSth.— I’nrsuit oj the raidere under General Early. Cenerals Wright, 
Ricketts, and Croolc, with Averill’s cavalry, commenced the pursuit (or, 
more properly speaking, the escorting) of the raiders crossing the Poto¬ 
mac, at Edwards’ Ferry, (hi the llth, they leisurely marched to Lees- 
l>i"g,^and the cavidry coining upon the rear of the enemy’s trains, on 
the 17th, at Snicker’s Gap, captured a small part of their jilunder, the 
reliels burning a portion, w hich they could not save. At this place, tliera 
was a sharji skirmish, which resnfteil in the enemy flying southward. 
On the 18th, they were found holding the Shenandoah River, with 2 guns. 
After our infantry had cros.*ed, at Island Ford, the rebel.s, under Rreck- 
inridge, cbarge<l w ith great violence, and drove our corjis Vmck over the 
river, intlicting some loss. At Ashley's Gap, the cavalrv met with a sim¬ 
ilar repulse. Our loss in botli engagements was ahout 500, killed, 
wounded, and prisoners. Many of the wounded were left in the hands 
of the eneiii}’, in the retreat. After this. Crook’s command returneil to 
llarjier’s Feriw, and Wright's went in the direction of Washington. On 
the 20th, Averill came up with Early, with 5,000 troops, near Winchester, 
where he gave him battle. The engagement lasted three hours, ending 
in the enemy withdrawing, after being shamefully beaten, to the old in- 
tienchmenls, there still standing. This disaster the Richmond Examiner 
descrit>es as “the deplorable affair in whiidi Ramseur’s division was 
humiliated In the dust,” and “three Confederate brigades had to run 
away, without even a formation in line of battle.” Averill captured 4 
guns, 500 muskets, and 230 prisoners. The rebels lost 300.; our loss, 
about 250. Here the Federal pursuit of the raiders stopped, reinforce¬ 
ments having returned to them from the main body. The Rev. Mr. 
Jaijues and Mr. J. R. Gilmore arrived in Richmond, on an unauthorized 
mission to Jeif. Havis. 

lyth.—The United States light-house tender Jfartha, hound from Pas.s- 
a-L’Outre to the Rigolets Light Station, near Lake I’onchartrain, with 
materials for repairs, wa« caiitured by a rebel launch, manned with 22 
men, in Chandeleur Bound, wlio, after stripping her of her .sails, rigging, 
and all of her cargo, set tire to an<l destroyed her. Her crew w as carried 
by the jiirates into Hay St. Louis, whence they j^roceeded to take the 
men to Mobile by land. The pilots at the mouth of the Mississippi 
River are afraid to venttire out, on account of the presence of these 
armed rebel launches. 

20th.— First, large battle of the month, at Peach-tree Creek, between Sher¬ 
man and Jlood—Rebels badly beaten. The new' (Confederate commander, 
more daring than skillful, inaugurated a new line of tactics, and, without 
the delay of a day. proceeded to put them into force, feeling confident 
he could put to shame the tardiness of his predecessor. He made three 
assaults on the right of our position, at Peach-tree Creek, defended by 
General Joe Hooker, with the 2<ith Corfis, but was “bloodily repulsed.” 
He maneuvered skillfully, about daylight, and attacked a weak spot, or 
gap, in our lines, w hich were of unusual and dangerous length, extend¬ 
ing .some twelve miles, and running to within three miles of Atlanta. 
Hood sent out deserters to give false news of his having abandoned 
Atlanta; he also withdrew his skirmishers, the better to support the de¬ 
ception. He then fell on Sherman's forces, with unparalleled fierceness, 
before the latter’s order of battle was fully prepared, and when he had 
but just crossed the river, and was not yet sufficiently intrenched. At 
one time. General Hood was nigh successful in piercing the weakened 
center, and cutting our army in two. He would thus have retrieved the 
calamities of the campaign,"but for some fortuitous circumstances, and 
the indomitable pluck of the 20th Corps, aided by General Newton, of 
the 4th Corps, and part of Palmer’s 14th Corps. Hood gained some 


192 


HISTORY OF THE WAR. 


[July, 18G4. 


slight advantages in the early part of the day, but at night had to re¬ 
linquish them all. Late at night, he retired to his earth-works, after 
being sean<lalou.‘<ly beaten, leaving over 1.3U0 jnisoners in our hands. 
He had l.idUO killed and 4,000 wounded, while our loss amounted to but 
1,700. No fighting wa.s done on the 21st. Heavy parties were detached 
as skirmisher.s and on reconnoissances. Movements before Petershnrg. 
General Butler, who had been relieved of his eonimand by the War 
l)epartment, was reinstated by General Grant, and the loth and 18th and 
a i)ortion of the 19th Corps, lately ari-ived from New Orleans, assigtied 
to hitn. I'he Kl-ineh mortar began throwing its enorniotis shells ac'ro.ss 
the river. The enemy responded by a concentrated artillery fire, and, in 
turn, our heavy 30-pounders and 8-inch mortars took up the duel, and 
the light batteries joined in. The engagement lasted four hours. Our 
shells were .said to have e.xjiloded a cais.son, and to have burned a depot 
on the Weldon Railroad, in Petersburg. There were several casualties 
among olficers and men in the 9th Corps. Thiring the 21 sf, 22d, 2.‘ld, 
24th, ami 2oih nothing of moment happened. There were the usual ar¬ 
tillery dimls, and soihe filing on our transports lying in the James River. 
One or more of our shells exjiloded two of the e'nehiy’s caissons, killing 
eome 20 of their men. A Maine regiment took a formidable position at 
Strawberry Plains, but were only successful in holding it alter repeated 
etfoits. Indian hostilities were resumed near Fort jjaramie, on an at¬ 
tempt of the Indians to steal horses. There have, also, been hostilities 
with the Sioux, between Fort Rice and Fort Union, but nothing of conse¬ 
quence has occurred. 

22(1. —Second du/fs battle, near Peach-tree Creel', between Sherman and 
Hood—liehels terribly cut np. Hood made another attack on the left of 
our lines. JjOgan’s corps (the l.^th), as also the 17th and l> 0 (tge’.s 10th 
Corps, felt the shock of his charges most severely. In the early part of 
the day, Hood gained some temporary successes, as on the 2()th. Ho 
took some works, which he was, at a later time, obliged to relinquish ; 
he was finally driven back, w ith heavy loss. The enemy made six furi¬ 
ous assaults on the 17th Corps. Luring the heat of battle, the rebel 
General Wheeler, with his raiders, attacked the rear of the 15th Cor)is, 
but only ca})tured 10 wagons. Their presence gave rise to the belief that 
Hood had outfianked the army ; this caused a serious panic in the 15th 
Corps, who were also attacked at the same time, in front, and driven from 
their main line of intrenchments to their second line, a distance of 5(»0 
yards to the rear ; but they quickly reformed and took their old position. 
The gifted and valorous General James B. McPherson met his deatii 
early in the day. He was shot through the lungs. He rode out, by mis¬ 
take, upon some of the rebid skirmishers, who quickly disjiatched him. 
The battle of to-day was even more warmly contested, and was vasily 
more sanguinary, than that of tlio 20th. The rebels lost in men killeii 
3,2 l(J, and had nearly 9,000, if not positively more, wounded, besides 3,200 
prisoners. They lost 25 stands of colors and 5,000 muskets. W'e were 
unfortunate enough, however, to lose 10 pieces of artillery. Our losses 
in this engagement will amount to 3,722, killed, wouniied, and pris¬ 
oners. 

23d.— The second invasion of Maryland. A second invasion of Maryland 
W'as supposed to have commenced, which gave rise to the same scare and 
panic as in the early part of the month, with a repetition of the Mun¬ 
chausen stories that 50,000 rebels had crossed the Potomac, that Wash¬ 
ington was taken, and Philadelphia destroyed. In Maryland and 
Southern Pennsylvania, every thing that had legs betook to the roads 
northward ; a general exodus,*of the most disorderly and hasty character, 
set in, and continued for a week. It seemed as if “chaos had come 
again.” However, all the tremendous stories of a v.ast force, under 
Breckinridge, being about to meu.ace Pittsburg, Cincinnati, and Phila- 


July, 18G4.] 


HISTORY OP THE WAR. 


193 


dolphin, and l>elng already in Maryland, were found to be fictitious. On 
the‘2.‘id, A voi'ill having boon joined by Crook, after the di.^taster of the 18th, 
followed bv ihe more fortunate ntbur on the 20th, was attacked by the 
enemy at Keinstown, near Winchester, and was driven back. On tha 
24th, the rebels repealed their tactics, and jaessed our cavalry to the lear, 
in great cotifusion, <-apturing a number ol prisoners. It suljsequenlly 
became a di.sgr.aceiul rout, our troopers not stopping till they reached 
Hunker’s Hill and ftlartinshurg. General Crook liad e\'|'ected a stirring 
combat. He had 8,000 men under his command, but the desertion of 
the cavalry obliged him to retreat. The force ilispatched by Early was, 
undoubtedly, larger than ours. We lost about 1.300, in killed, wounded, 
and prisoners. The brave Colonel Jlnlligan, of Lexington (Mo.) celeb¬ 
rity, was killed. Some of the Union officers behaved in a very cowardly 
nianiier. General Hunter, a few days afterward, dismissed 13 for desert¬ 
ing their commands, and going to the rear with false reports .of our 
losses. 

24th.—General Garrard, with 4,('00 cavalry, started, about the 21th, on 
an expedition against the .An.gu.sta Railroad. He succeeded in destroy¬ 
ing the railroad bridge. 3."*(t feet long, over Yellow River. Cotton facto¬ 
ries and Government buildings were al.so destroyed. The country was 
found full of refugees, fleeing tliey knew not whither. He had great diffi¬ 
culty, however, in regaining onr line.s from (k)vington, w here he burned 
2,tXXi bales of cotton and large depots of stores. 

2oth.— Continual ion of the second invasion of 3[nri/land. Tho enemy’s 
cavalry followed our retreating army up to Idartinsburg, where a brisk 
cannonading ensued, with some loss, ’i’he enemy soon occupied tho 
town. General Crook, w ho had succeeded, by this time, in getting mo.st 
of his .stores across the Potomac, fell back* to Hagerstow n, Maryland. 
We lost, in the actions of these iliree days, about 1,3(K) men. The enemy 
did not come off nuicti better. Our troops rallying again on the 28tli, at 
Maryland Hights, w here they had concentrated in tboir retreat, ventured 
down to Harper’s Ferry, and General Kelly reoccupied Martiiisburg the 
same daj’. A raid in Florida has been made Viy Ueneral Birney, with 
some success. Several bridges across the St. j'Mary's were destroyed, 
and the town of l^ablwin was occupied, the enemy* evacuating. Cap¬ 
tures of cars and other property were made. 

26th.—A small expedition .set out from Brashear City, La., penetrating 
to Grand Lake and destroying a numl.)er of flat-boats and two .saw-mills. 
Operations l)e/ore Cettnshvrg. The 2d Corps, w ith Sheridan’s cavalry, were 
silently transferred to Gtmeral Foster’s position, at Deeji Bottom, on the 
north of the James, for the jiurpose of tnaking a feint, while a formidable 
assault was in preparation on the enemy’s works at Petersburg. Un 
the 27th, our troops advanced acro.ss Strawberry- Plains, and a fierce 
attac-k commenced on the relml position, held by Kershaw. 'I'his assault 
was chiefly conducted by Barlow s divisions of the 2d Coi {>s. The enemy 
W'as driven from his works, leaving, in his hurry, four 20-pounder Parrott 

g uns, which liad been cajitured from GenerarBuller, at Drury’s Bluff. 

ur los.s was only 50 men. During the 2iSth and 29th, the feint of vast 
operations, in large numbers, continued to be made. General Sheridan’s 
cavalry force advanced; one division drove the rebels to the wood.s, 
capturing 2 battle-flags; 250 killed, w-ounded, and prisoners fell into our 
hands. Another column, under Gregg, less fortunate, lost as much as 
the other gained. To add to (he deception, some 20,000 men, together 
with 400 wagons and 20 guns, were paraded across the Potomac bridge, 
and marched in the direction of Malvern Hill. Lee, on seeing these 
alarming demonstrations, hurried out from Petersburg, with 10,000 men, 
to intercept this supposed descent on the approaches to Richmond. All 
this was as General Grant desired. Late on Friday, nearly all the troops 

13 




194 


HISTORY OF THE "^TAR. 


[July, 18G4. 

were secretly mnrehed back again to Petersburg, to participate in the 
assault, niter the springing of tlie mine. 

‘27th.— Lunje Federal- raidK in Geonjia. General Stoneman started out, 
witli 5,000 men, to cut tlie rebel commnnieatinn on the iMacon Itailrond. 
He .succeeded in burning a large number o)' cars and locomotive.s, and 
in tearing uj) some 18 miles of the track, causing only a temporary dam¬ 
age, however. Un lii.s return, he wa.s surrouniled and captured, with a 
portion of Ids commaml, 700 in number, by General Iverson, heading a 
force of 1,000 Conlederates. We lost 2 guns, and had to yiehl up HcKHI 
captured horses. Seeing the desperate state of atiairs, Stoneman })er- 
mitted two-thirds of his force to escape ba<!k to the main army, while 
he held the enemy in check, for a short while; some regiments had to 
cut tlieir way out. One brigade got back intact, but most of the others 
reached camp unarmed ,u)d afoot, losing very many killed and wounded, 
on the way. His mistake was in not carrying out General .Sherman’s or¬ 
ders, as to concentrating witli McCook and Garrard, at Lovejoy’s, on the 
Macon road. IMany of Stoneman’s oflicers were dissatisfied by his re¬ 
solving on surrcniier. General McCook, who was dispatched on the 
same nnssion, with 4,U0() men, struck the road on thcoOth, and tore up 
six miles of track, near Fayetteville, forty miles from Atlanta, and cap¬ 
tured and burned 5u0 wagons, and killed 8(K) mules. On his return to 
the main army, he was nearly surrounded by Hansom, but succeetied in 
cutting his way out, losing a large jamiion of his division—about l.uoh 
men—and valuable suiiplies. RlcCook was, at the time, reported killed, 
or certainly taken iirisoner. These raids have been eminent failures, as, 
after all the exaggerated estimates of the loss they inflicted on the 
enemy—losses he somehow recovered in a few days—they were, in most 
cases, no way commensurate to the damage sustained by our own army, 
in men and material. 

2bth.— Third ijreaf, battle of the month in Georgia. F'herman eigrtnlhj de¬ 
feats the ''new Jiglding General,” Hood. General Pherman attempted to 
extend his line to the right, by subtracting his left corps and sending 
them to the other extremity of the line, so as to reach the west of At¬ 
lanta. The enemy, observing the movement, massed his troops in the 
same direction, and was successful in his onset. In the afternoon the 
fortune of battle had changed, ami our men repulsed every (dtarge of the 
enemy. An advance was tlien ordered, and the enemy was forced back, 
leaving the field in our }iossession. The fighting was very severe till 
nightfall. Our loss was about 1,.5(!0, and the enemy’s larger. Meanwhile, 
there was a general advance along the line, but our forces were driven 
back, the enemy being strongly posted, lint night fell upon a divided 
field. Our right was, at one time, in great danger, Logan’s flank being 
almost turned. It is estimated that the rebels have lost since their 
“fighting General,” Hood, took the command, 10 days ago, over 23.0u0 
men. The steamer Clara Bell was set on fire with shells from a rebel 
lottery, at Carrollton, Mis.sissippi, lielow Mem|)his, and destroyed. Gen¬ 
eral Daniel Ullman moved from Morganza, Louisiana, with two negro 
brigades and the 21st H. Y. Battery, anil met the rebels, posted on the 
Atchafalava River. 

80th.— Movements before Fetershurg. Disastrous affair of the mine, near 
Ce-ihetery Hill. The evenCs reconled on the 26th were only jireliminariea 
of a great experiment, on which much of the fortunes of the war was 
staked. This was nothing loss than the explosion of a large mine, which 
had been planted under one of the .strongest of the enemy’s works—the 
very key of his position. The completion of the mine occu]'ied one 
month. Seven tuns—14,000 pounds—of powder was used. Two attempts 
had to be made before the fuse carried fire. At 4:40, on the morning of 
the 30th July, it exploded, sending high in the air the doomed fort, with 
its six guns, and over 200 men of a North Carolina regiment, who com- 


Jnly, 18(54.] 


HISTORY OF TTII5 WAR. 


195 


posed its g.'xrrison. The explosion was like an earthquake. Instantly, 
a thundering cannonade brok(' out from a luindred guns, for the purpo.se 
of distracting the attention of tlie enemy front the storming party; but 
he vva.s quiidvly nrou.'^ed from the snddeji shock-, and, in spite of'all we 
could do with shcdls aiul mortars, he lo.st luit little time before tuniing 
his energies on the assaihuits. The Dth t.'orps were assigned the task o? 
storming through the g:i(>, or crater, made by the exjilosion. One of 
the brigades in this cot ps was seized with a bidief tiuU the enemy htid 
sprung a mine under onr jiosjtion. Soon a panic pervtided their ranks. 
Alter u few minutes, liowever, they rallied manfully, and, with a wihl 
Yell, uncier a murderous tire, sped across the deadly filain. IMany were 
killed, many fell into the horrible pit which the mine had nuuJe, and 
others were set to work to dig tip the guns and throw up hasty breast¬ 
works against the tempest of shot and shell leveled by the relentle.S3 
enemy. iMiadi (U-ecions time was here lost, never to be regained. Hero 
commenced the latal error, wliich resulted in the day's disaster; instead 
of rushing impetuously upon tlie surjn-ised foe, the stoiming party were 
suffered to throw up intrencliments. 'fhe rebels, by thi.s time, fully re- 
covereil from their dismay, poured in a severe enfilading fire on the cap¬ 
tured ruins, where hundreds of their own and onr men were writhing in 
agony. The 'Jth Corps, after this latal pause, moved forward slowly, the 
terrific tire from Cemetery Hill j)lowiiig their battalions in ghastly 
ridges. 'J'he charge was checked ; our men came to a stand-still; it was 
more than human endurance coukl bear; they tottered, they reeled, and 
all fell back with a tumultuous rebound. The colored division—all that 
was now left intact of the Dth Corps—was dispatched, as a forlorn hope, to 
accomplish what tho 1st, 'id, and lid Divisions had broken down in. 
These gallant fellows. led by General Ferrero, dashed up the deadly 
hill, where, frowning high above, stood, bri.-fling with eannon, the very 
key to the enemy’s position. It was gallantly done, but with no better 
fortune than the preceding assaults. They were hurled with even 
greater violence down the ravine, and the concentrated fire, reaching 
with fearful accuracy, made this spot seem a very hell. The 5th and 
18th Corps were under heavy fire, and suffered severely; their intrench- 
monts were within 2W) yards of the mined fort, where lay between 4,000 
and 5,000 of their comrades, w hom they were powerless* to assist. To¬ 
ward noon, a general retreat was ordered. General Bartlett endeavored 
to hold the crater, where stoorl a defiant fort some hours before, now 
little else flian a vast siaiighter-pen. He failed ; the exuKnnt enemy 
surrounded him about 2 o’clock, and took him prisoner. 'I’his General 
had with him a number of men who preferred a heroic end to tho 
chances of a donl>tfnl retreat across the neutral ground, over wliieli, it 
may lie .said, shot and shell fairly rained. Our los.s will number about 
5,()<i() men, mostly wounded. The rebels lost over 1,200. They sustained 
this loss jirincipally in their charges to retake the lost fort, held by Led- 
lie’s division. The etiemy, as may lie expected, w-erc much terrified at 
(he explosion of the mine, and deserted the adjoining forts from fear 
tliat they, also, were undermined. It was a long time before they re¬ 
turned to their work, and nearly half an hour before their whole strength 
was concentrated against us. Indeed, a calm review of the affair only 
shows that victory was snatched away while fail!y within our grasp. A 
proper handling of troops would have carried Petersburg. Oh Sunday, 
the 31st, an attempt was made to establish an armistice, hut failed. On 
Monday, however, Lee acceded to the request of General Grant, and a 
cessation of hostilities, for four liours, was agreed to. During this time, 
the dead were buried and the wounded cared for. IMany of those se¬ 
verely wounded had died during the horrible forty hours of exposure 
’ntervening. I'he weatlier, during this time, was intensely hot. Deatruc- 
Jon of Vhambersburg, Pennsylvania, and end qf the second invasion of 


196 


HISTORY OP TUK WAR. 


[July, 18(^. 


HlaryJand." Heheh destroy vearh/five million* of dollars worth of property, 
A paity of rebol cavalry, muier McCaiislaiid, nuniberin" about 2S0, 
crossed the Potomac, at Williamsport, and, haying driven olf some 
Union troops, visited Cliambeisburg, Pennsylvania. The bold maraud¬ 
ers demanded $500,000, v\ith the alleinative of burning the town, 'llieir 
demands not Inung <'omplied with, they quickly reduced three-fourths of 
the ( lace to .ashes. IS’eai h' 300 houses lell <a }ii'ey to the flames. Ovei' .a 
million and a half dollar.s’"worth of property was destroyed, and nearly 
3,000 peojile were rendered homeless. It is something remarkable, that 
a town of 0,000 inhabitants would allow an imjaident freebooter, with .a 
handlul of men, to sack and bui'n their tow ii, w ithout offering the slightest 
resistance. At 12 o’clock McCaiislaiKi left the town, shortly to be fol¬ 
lowed by Averill. lie succeeded, however, in making his way back to 
liis reserves, without hindrance from his pursuers. The same day, 
ivtoseby, with 00 men, visited Adamstown, Maryland, drove off the cav- 
aliy pickets, robbed the stores, and retired. This adventure gave rise to 
the story of Early having been seen, w ith 50,000 men, menacing Baltimore 
and Philadelf'hia. 'J'he fiu t was this, that no iiujiortant leader of the 
rebels took )>art in this “second invasion of Maiyland ” whatever, and 
only about 2.000 cavalry were known to be detailed for the expedition; 
out of this number, three-rourths did not cross the Potomac. The frenzy 
of excitement at Pittsburg, Ilarri.'-burg, Waslungton, and Baltimore, 
may be said to have known no bounds. The 0th anil 19th Corjis, anii 
Crook’s command, were making forced marches to reach the scene of 
action, but only arriveil in time to find that this small force of maraud¬ 
ers had quietly retired, and were then far off' in the bhenandoah Valley, 
quietly taking an inventory of their }ilunder. The following is an esti¬ 
mate of the damage indicted by the great raid, led by Breckinridge and 
Early, commencing on tlie 2d of July; also, by McCausland, with hi.s 
few troopers, on the 28th and 3()th : Pbiladeljihia, Wilmington, and Balti¬ 
more Railroad, $107,000; JS’orthern Central Railroad, $100,000; Baltimore 
and Ohio Railro.ad (this road being longest occupied), say, $100,000 ; tel¬ 
egraph lines, $1,000; Chesapeake and Ohio Canal, $150,000; Hartford 
County, $1.5,000 ; Baltimore County, $12,000 ; Carroll County, $10,000 ; Fred¬ 
erick County, $372,000 ; Washington County, $8.5,000 ; estimated value of 
supplies consumed and wasted, $100,000; food for liorses, $25,000; dam¬ 
age to fences and farms (sinain, $2,'0,000 ; four thousand cattle, at $30 
each, $120,000; d've thousand h.crses and mules, $000,000; sheep and 
hogs, $50,000; cash contributions levied, $230,000; burning ofChambers- 
burg, Pennsylvania, $2,000,000; miscellaneous })!under from stores, 
$300,000. Total, $1,900,000. (ieneral t'ully and his forces, near Little 
Missouri River, gained advantages over 2,000 lodges of Sioux Indians. 
He was matching to Fort Rice. The London Judex, the rebel organ in 
England, gives a list of 133 vessels engaged in running the blockade, 
from whicli it appears that 11 are now running, 0 are in England, 9 are in 
Nassau and Bermuda, 9 are “not in yet,’’ 1 is in the C. B. A. service, 
1 is worn out, 1 is in Charleston and can’t get out, all the others having 
the words “captured,” “burned,” or “lost” after their names. Rear- 
Admiral S. P. Lee, of the North Atlantic Ivlockading Squadron, writes as 
lollow’s: “ Since July 24, 1803, forty-two steamers have been captured or 
destroyed by the block.aders of this squadron. Taking the average tun- 
nage of these vessels at three hundred tuns, and assuming the cap.acity 
of an army wagon at one tun, there has been a loss inflicted on the rebel 
supply system equivalent to the cajiture or destruction of a train of 
twelve thousand .six hundred wagons.” It has been mentioned, in some 
of the foreign papers, that the Yeddo was the vessel designed for the 
second Alabama; but a dispatch from Captain Winslow, dated July 5, 
to the Secretary of the Navy, says; “The Yeddo, which sailed from Bor¬ 
deaux, is reported to have passed into Prussian hands, and has eirtered 


August, 1864.] 


HISTORY OP THE WAR. 


197 


the Weser.” Guerrillas in Missouri have become exceedingly trouble¬ 
some. Thornton’s men, 160 strong, captured Platte City, garrisoned by 
70 “ Pawpaw" militia, who surrendered without resi.stance, and some of 
whom joined the enemy. Parkesville and Huntsville were also cap¬ 
tured, and these and several other towns rotibed. The Jlissouri River 
has been blockaded above Jefferson and below Kansas City. Colonel 
Ford ha? been pursuing the guerrillas in every direction, but they are 
still strong. A writer in the Toronto Leader describes a month’s sojourn 
at Nassau, with the following allu.sion to the blockade runners : “ Every 
man who has goods to sell is driving a brisk business. All tho officers 
and men on board the steamers that run tho bloidiade are paid very 
high wages, and they invariably invest large sums, every trij) they make, 
in the purchase of dry goods and trinkets, as juesents to their wives, 
sisters, and sweethearts." 

August 1, 1804.—Under a flag of truce, the soldiers wlio fell in the as¬ 
sault on Petersburg were buried, and tho wounded brought into our 
line.s; very few of the latter were found. Among the dead were 180 
colored soldiers, lielonging to the 9th Corps. 

2d.—General Kelly was attacked, at Cumberland, by the rebel raiders, 
under Bradley Johnson and McCausland. The enemy were routed, after 
a severe fight, losing cai.s.sons, wagons, and a large quantity of their plun¬ 
der. General Kelly pursued them toward Old Town. Guerrilla band? 
are rendezvousing at Henderson, Kentucky, to form one command, un¬ 
der the rebel General Woodvvanl. 

3d.—Information is received that General Stoneman has cut the ISIacon 
Railroad and defeated Wheeler, with a loss of 500 to 1,900 men, all falling 
into our hands. A court of inquiry is ordered to inve.'^tigate the cause 
of failure before Petersburg, on the 30th. Excitement in the Cumber¬ 
land Valiev still prevails, under fear of an extension of the rebel raid. 
The rebel tlarly is in the Shenandoah Valley, with an estimated force of 
30,000 men. Admiral Farragut aj>pears off Mobile Bay, with his fleet. 
The monitor Winnebago salutes, with a few shells. Forts Morgan and 
Gaines. General Ha.scall’s division, 23d Army Corps, in a dashing charge, 
effected a lodgment on the south bank of Utoy Creek, four miles south 
of Atlanta—an important step to the ultimate possession of the Macou 
Railroad. The rebel forces under Platly occupy Hagerstown, Maryland. 
Governor Curtis calls for 30, (KH) militia. In a cav.alry fight on the Jeru¬ 
salem ro.ad, the rebels were defeated ; our los.s 75. 

4th.—The five Generals and thirty-eight field-officers who were placed 
under fire, at Charleston, are released. Colonel McCook re.aches Nash¬ 
ville with 1,200 of his commatid, from the great raid, under General 
Stoneman, having destroyed 18 miles of railroad, captured a train of 500 
wagons, with 500 men and 127 officers. Colonel JIcCook was afterward 
surrounded. He burned the train and cut his way out, losing many of 
his men. The enemy, in front of Petersburg, blew up a mine opposite 
the 5th Corps, but no damage was done, having laded to reach with their 
mine our works. General Ames was slightly wounded by the explosion. 
An artillery duel took place m front of the 18th Corjis. 

5th.—At sunrise, Admiral P'arragut moved up Mobile Ray, with his 
fleet, his vessels lashed two abreast, each acting consort of the other. 
The enemy soon opened fire. The monitor Tecum.seh struck a tor¬ 
pedo and sunk, carrying down all but ten of her crew, including her 
gallant commander. Craven. The rebel gun-boat Selma struck her 
colors to the Metacomet. The ram Tennessee was disabled and cap¬ 
tured. Admiral Farragut, during the action, was lashed to the maintop, 
and gave his orders through a speaking-tube. In the meantime,the 
land forces, under General Granger, invested Fort Gaines in the rear, 
taking the water batteries. Our loss, in army and navy, w'as 60 killed, 
100 wounded, and about 100 went down with the Tecumseh. 


1C8 


HISTORY OF THE WAR. 


[August, 18G4. 


6th.—The enemy evacuate Hagerstown, and retreat toward Sheppards- 
town, along the Potomac River. The 2c!d Corps and part of the IHh 
Corps as.saiilted the enemy’s works, near Atlanta, and carried the outer 
line. Failing to dislodge the enemy, they fell back. 

'Zth.—A siiarj) skirmish and artdlery duel took jilace, in the evening, 
in front of the yih Corps, before Petersburg. General Averill ovoilook 
the rebel raiders at Ihooretield, Marj land, routed them, captured their 
artdlery, many of their wagons, and 600 jirisoners. The rear-guard of 
Early’s army recro.s.sed the Potomac to-day, from the Maryland side. 
Fort Powell, otf Mobile, surrendered to the army and navy. General 
Sheridan assumed command of the armies in West Virginia. 

8th.— Fort (jaines, otf Mobile, surrendere<i to the army and navy, 
with its armament of 26 guns, 56 officers, and 818 men. General 8>her- 
iiian skirmished with the enemy, 10 miles from Winchester. General 
iSherman advanced his lines three miles north-east of Atlanta. The 14th 
Corps, under General Johnson, assaulted the enemy’s works, and, after 
a brief contest, carried them, capturing 175 jirisoners. Our loss was 25 
killed, 275 wounded. General Sherman’s line extends 14 miles. 

tith.—A terrific, explosion occurred at City Point, Virginia, of ordnance 
stores ; 70 killed and 130 wouncled. I’nion prisoners arrive from Charles¬ 
ton. General Birney h.ad made a raid in Florida, destroying bridges and 
a train of cars, with locomotive. I’risoners of war are being sent to 
Charleston. General Torbert took command of all the cavalry in Gen¬ 
eral Sheridan’s army. 

10th.—The forces under General Marmaduke appear at Gaines’ Land¬ 
ing, on the Arkansas .^hore. A rebel battery tired on the steamboat Em- 
jiress; 60 shots struck her. Her ujijier works were riddled vxith shot and 
shell ; 6 persons were killed and 11 w^ounded. A gun-boat rescued 
them. A sharp skirmish occurred at Abbeyville, Mi'ssissijipi, between 
General Hatch and the enemy, umier Chalmers, in which a few prisoners 
and caissons were caj)tured by the latter. The rebels attacked our forces 
at Gainesville, Florida, and captured 150 ju-isoners and 100 negroes. Our 
troojxs were driven 14 miles. A Itand of guerrillas attacked Branden- 
btirg, Kentucky, timl were rejnilsed by five home guards. The expeili- 
tioii under General Sully was to leave to-day for the lodges ol the Sioux 
Indians. 

lull.—A heavy shelling of Afl.anta continued through last night. A 
body of retiels were met, near JMartinsViurg, by one of General Sheridan’s- 
columns, and, after a short engagement, jitit to rout. 

12th.—General Sheridan’s advance eame ujion Early’s army, at Cedar 
Creek. Early eontiimes his retreat toward Strasburg. 

IJtb.—The pirate Ttdlahassee is seen oil IS'ew York harbor. Colonel 
TIoseby, with his band, cajitured and destroyed, at Berryville, Virginia, 
75 wagons, and .secured 150 jirisoners, 500 li'orses, and 200 cattle. Col¬ 
onel Johnson, commanding guerrillas, crossed the Ohio River, at Slnuv- 
nectown, cajitured four steamers and destroyed their cargoes. General 
Btirnside was relieved of his command of the 9th Corps. The 2d CorpH 
routed a large rebel force, near iffitch Gtij), and captured 600 jirisoners 
and 7 jiieces of artillery. 

Pith.—The rebel General Wheeler, commanding about 5,000 cavalry 
and artillery, started on a raid, and tore tip jiart of the railroad near Re- 
saca. General Birney, commanding Itith Corps, advanced Foster’s 
division upon the enemy, at Deep Bottom, broke their line by a charge, 
cajduring 70 prisoners and 4 guns. The 2d Corjis attemjked to carry a 
line of works, but a swamp compelled them to witluiraw, after a loss of 
at least 550 men. 

15th.—General Butler’s canal, at Dutch Gap, cuts off six miles of the 
J«mes River, which is filled with torjxedoes and obstructions. By its 
completion, we flank the enemy’s po.sition, which brings us nearer Fori 


August, 1864.] 


HISTORY OF THE W'AR. 


m 


I)arling. The 2(1 Corps moved up James River, within 12 mile.s of Rich¬ 
mond, to destroy pontoon bridges above Fort Darling, thus cutting ofT 
access with General Lee, without a long march via Manchester. 'I'he 
pirate Tallahassee continues her piracy oft' the coasts of Maine and Nov.a 
Scotia. General Sheridati pushes his advance to Strasburg, compelling 
Early to retreat luither westward, 'i'he rebel Wheek-r cuts the railroad 
at Calhoun, and then dentands the surrender of Dalton, which was re- 
lused. Reinforcements arrive, and Wlieeler is driven out by coloreti 
soldiers, at the })oint of the bayonet. 

H)th.—The rebel battery at Gaine.s’ Landing occasionally becomes 
troulJesoine. Marinaduke lias fallen back. The land forces, under 
Genend Granger, oft' Jlobile, are within 300 3 -ards of Fort Morgan. The 
ram 'rennessee is repaired, and opened fire on the fort. Battle of 
Crooked Run, between Sheridan and Earlv, in which the enemy suf¬ 
fered a loss of 300 prisoners, leaving his dead on the field. General 
Custar, commanding a cavalry detachment in General Sheridan’s army, 
made gallant charges on the enemy, near Front Royal. The rebels are 
mining along our works in front of Petersburg. General Grant holds 
his lines within seven miles of Richmond. 

17th.—General Ledlie, whose division led the assault on Petersburg, is 
reported to have suddenlv di.-^appeared from hi.s command. (Citizens of 
\V inchester, 'Virginia, fired upon General Wilson and our troo)>s as they 
left the place. General Sheiidan falls back to Winchester, and fortifies. 
Earlv receives reinforcements. 

18th.—Rebels attacked the 181h Corps, under General Birney, at night, 
and were re|Hil.sed Iw colored troops. Our loss lieavv. 

19th.—'I'he 5th Corps, Army of the Potomac, made a de.scent on the 
'U’eldon Railroad, and de.''troyed about one mile of the track, when they 
were met liy A. P. Hill's corps, and, after two hours’ heavv fighting, were 
compelled to fall back, losing near 4,(100 men, mostly pris()ners. This 
reverse was caused by not filling a dangerous gap on the right of the 5th 
Corps and the old intrenchments, near the Jerusalem road. 'I'he 9th 
Corps, late in the day, reinforced the 5th. 

20th.—General A. P. Ilovey seized, at Indianapolis, 400 navy revolvers 
and 135,000 rounds of fixed ammunition, .secreted by the conspirators of the 
Sons of Liberty, a secret Democratic order. President IJncoln aj'proves 
the sentence of court-martial dismissing Surgeon-General Hammond from 
the service. 'I'he rebel Wheeler attacked and murdered the colored 
garrison, at Stewart’s Landing, Tennessee, and 250 white laborers, de¬ 
stroying wagons and stores, 'fhe enemy made another eftbrt to dislodge 
the 5th and 9th Corps from the Weldon' Railroad, but failed, with heavy 
loss. A part of the 14th Corps, under Sherman, made a raid on the 
Montgomery road, at Rough and Ready. 

21st.—General Kilpatrick made a raid on the Macon Railroad, and 
around Atlanta, destroying three miles of railroad, at Jonesboro, with 
two trains and locomotives. He took a battery and a number of jiris- 
oners. A portion of General Forrest’s raiders entered Memphis, on a 
dash, robbed a few stores, took a few prisoners, and as hastily fled, 
meeting resistance from the garrison. Our total loss, 134. J''orrest did 
nor enter the city. 

22d.—At Koge'rsville, Tennessee, the 13th Tennessee Cavalry met a 
band of guerrillas, and killed 23 and wounded 35. 'I'hirty-two ca.ses of 
revolvers were .seized in New York, intended for the Boris of Liberty in 
Indiana. A detachment of the 5th Mas.sachusett.s Cavalry and 3d Rhode 
Island Battery made a raid from Magnolia, Florida, and captured a train 
of cars and supplies. 

23d.—Moseby demanded the surrender of Annandale, Virginia, and 
afterward ojiened fire for an hour, when he withdrew. Fifty keg.s of 
powder seized iu Terre Haute, belonging to tho Sous of Liberty. Tha 


200 


HISTORY OF THE -WAR. 


[August, 1864. 


enemy disappeared from the front of the 5th and 9th Corps, on the Wei- 
don Kailroad. Rebel Generals Heath and Fitzliiigh Lee said to he 
killed. Fort Morgan, commanded by General I’aige, surrendered totlie 
army and navy; prisoners cat)tHied, 581, who were sent to iS'ew Orleans. 
The 2d Corps'was engaged all day in destroying the Weldon Railroad, 
as far as Kiaims’ fetation. The destruction of the Weldon Railroad was 
made complete within four miles of Petersburg, and two miles below 
Reams’ Station. 

2oth.—.Vnother attempt was made by the enemy to dislodge Hancock’s 
corps, while destroying the Weldon Railroad, below Reams’ fetation. 
The enemy was three times rejiulsed, with heavy loss, but eventnally 
captured 2,(iU0 prisoners, 9 guns, and recovered 8 miles of tlie roail. 
The rebel losses, in the last two weeks, reach lO.OUh, Our possession 
of this road cuts off sup|ilies frotri IVorth Carolina. The pirate d'aHa- 
hassee run into Wilmington. The gun-boat IMonticello was within 6U0 
yards of her at one time. Nine guerrillas and sjiies were shot, at Padu¬ 
cah, yesterday and to-day. General Hovey assumed command of the 
Histricl of Indiana. Our cavalry, under General Torbert, made a brill¬ 
iant charge on Early’s skirmish line, near Kearneysville, and captured 
a number of jirisoners. 

2Gth.—The rebels attempted to cro«s into Maryland, at Williamsport, 
but were re|>ulsed by (-ieneral Avenll, who took 80 pri.soners. General 
fcheridan deteats the enemy, taking lui iirisoner.s, and killing and 
wounding 150. 

27th.—.\ band of guerrillas dashed into Owensboro, Kentucky, killed 
some negro soldier.s, and burned a w harf-boat containing Government 
stores, valued at fe;-i0,ooo. The rebel General Wheeler has made an ex¬ 
tensive raid, capturing 18 soldiers at Mary.sville, Tennessee, and killing 
some deserters at Athens. Knoxville was threatened. The enemy, in 
his attempt to dislodge Warren’s corps, on the Weldon Railroad, suriered 
heavy loss. General feaunders was killed,and Lamar mortally wounded ; 
Barton, Finnegan, and Anderson wounded. A force of rebels, number¬ 
ing over l,0Ud, surpiised an expedition under Colonel Harris, 75th Ohio, 
at (jainesville, Florida, some few days ago. Being surrounded, our forces 
.sought salety in the dense swamps. A number were killed and cap¬ 
tured. 

28th.—General Heintzelinan forbids transportation of arms and ammu¬ 
nition in his district, until further orders. 

29th.—Moseby hung thirty of our men, in Clark County, Virginia, for 
alleged burning of rebel houses. Chicago Convention assembled; Ho¬ 
ratio Seymour, of New York, President. Petersburg was again furiously 
shelled. 

30th.—General Grant holds tlie Weldon Railroad securely against efforts 
of Lee to recapture it. The rebels, in their repeated efforts to repos.sess 
this main artery, to Richmond, have lost five Generals, four of whom 
were killed. Dispatches are receiver! from General fenlly, announcing a 
decisive victory over 2,000 feioux Indians, near Little Missouri River. 
Guerrillas, in force, are tigain entering Missouri from Arkansas. Sher¬ 
man maneuvers his army to cut the Macon Railroad, thereby sev¬ 
ering Hood’s chief line of retreat. Hood divides his army, and holds 
Atlanta and Jonesboro. Major-General D. Hunter was relieved of his 
command. 

3lst.—General Howard’s corps commences to intrench .ground the en¬ 
emy at Jonesboro. The enemy attack and are repulsed. General Rous¬ 
seau attacked and defeated Wheeler, seven miles from Nashville, and 
reopened communication with General Sherman. General Milligan, 
with a small Federal force, was captured at Lebanon, Tennessee, by a 
detachment of cavalry, 1,600 strong, under Wheeler. 


September, 18G4.] HISTORY OF THE TTAR. 


201 


SEPTEMBEa 1, 18C4.—The rebels have captured a tram wnicn left 
Leavenworth for Fort Smith, on the 1st inst., consisting of one hnnflred 
wagons, laden witli sniiplies, and six hnndre(J rnnles and forty artillery 
horses, besides two sutler trains. General Mower, with a part oV the lilth 
Corps, lias arrived at Little Hock, which will strengthen iSteele’s force 
sufficiently to enable him to take the offensive. The. I4th Corps assaulted 
and c.arried the enemy’s works at Jonesboro, cajituring 10 guns and 2,000 
prisoners, among them Hrigadier-fieneral Gorman. Hood blew up hi.s 
magazine at Atlanta, destroyed 7 locomotives, 81 cars loaded with am¬ 
munition, small arms, and stores, uartially de.-troyed 14 guns, and re¬ 
treated soutli. The enemy acknowledge the loss of three Generals be¬ 
fore Atlanta. 

■Jd.—The Mexican General Cortinas crossed the Rio Grande, drove the 
rebels out of Brownsville, Texas, hoisted the American flag, and offered 
his services to the Federal commander at Brazos. The French and 
rebels were together repulsed by Cortinas. General Slocum, 20th Corps, 
occupied Atlanta. 

Jd.—General Sheridan again advances his army ujion the enemy in the 
Shenandoah Valley. The enemy are driven back by Ljoniax’s cavalry. 
The national thanks are, tendered by Pivaidenc Lincoln to .Vdmiral Fai’- 
ragiit and General Canby, for their signid success at Mobile Bay; also, 
to General Wm. T. Sherman and his soldiers, for their victories. Salutes 
are ordered to be fired in honor of the. above victories. General Idilroy 
attacked a force of rebel cavalry, near Murfreesboro, and drove them to¬ 
ward Triune. 

4th.—The guerrilla chief General John Morgan was killed, his staff 
captured, and his forces badly cut up and routed by our forces, under 
General Gillain, at Greenville, Iilast Tennessee. 

6th.—The Tennessee State Convention met to-day, and organized. Tho 
guerrilla Mo.seby captured a train of 86 ambulances, in Virginia. 

7ih.—The Metacomet has succeeded in blowing the sunken rebel 
Nashville out of the channel, at Dog River, near Mobile. 

8th.—General Price cros.«ed the Arkansas River, with 5,000 cavalry, 
about half-way between Little Rock and Fort Smith, moving toward Mis¬ 
souri. Shelby is in South-east lMis.souri, looking toward Cape Girardeau. 
General Sherman issued a congratulatory order to his army. 

yth.—Fire at .Manchester, opposite Richmond ; l,(i00 hogsheads tobacco 
burned ; value over §4,000,000; largest tire in the Confederacy, General 
O. G. Howard, commanding Army of llie Tennessee, issued a congratu¬ 
latory order to his troops. 

loth.—The rebel General Paige has been brought to Fort Morgan, 
where he is to be tried on a cliarge of destroying munitions of war in 
that fort after its surrender. The offense is punishable with death. A 
truce often days is agreed upon between Generals Sherman and Hood, to 
permit residents of Atlanta to migrate North or South. At one o’clock, 
this A. M., the 20th Indiana and 99th Penn.sylvania, under General 
De Trobriand, silently and successfully surprised the enemy’s picket 
line across the Jerusalem road, with little tiring and .'flight loss. 
Lieutenant-Colonel George W. Meikel, of the 20th, was killed in this 
ctiarge. 

12th.—A large force of rebels, under Forrest, Wirt, Adams, Taylor, and 
others, estimated at 20,000, have been .secretly concentrating near Jack- 
son, Mississijipi, with e.xtensive wagon, iiontoon, and artillery trains. A 
dispatch from Louisville says that Forrest crossed the Cold Water, on 
Monday last, and carnjied within fifteen miles of Mem))hi.s; thatMarma- 
duke had crossed the St. Francis, with seven thousand men, moving to- 
wani Mi.ssouri, and that Price was threatening Little Rock. 

13th.—'I'his morning two brigades of cavalry, with Getty’s division of 
the Cth Corps, made a dashing charge on the enemy, on the Winchostet 


20‘J lIieTORY OF THE WAR. [September, 1804. 

roafi, capturing the 8th South Carolina Kegiment, 16 officers and 145 men. 
Our loss was 2 killed and 2 wounded. 

14tli.—A terrific cannonade was opened on Petersburg, this A. M., from 
our lines. Shells were thrown into the city. 

loth.—Shelby is reported atPoishatan, Arkansas, with 4,000 to 8,000 
men. 

17th.—A large body of rebel cavalry made a raid on our reserve herd of 
cattle, opposite Harrison’s Lauding, in rear of our center, and succeeded 
in carrying ott the entire lot of about 2,ouo ; 250 jirisoners were ca|)ture<L 
The scliooiier Jane F. Lurfee was ea)>tured in Warwick River, near 
Janies River, on riatunlay last, by the rebels ; they took fr2,700 from 
the ca})tain, timi robbed the vessel of every thing valuable that could ba 
removed. Gen. Hancock issued a congratulatory order Co his 2d (J<jrps. 

Hith.—General tiheridan attacked Ea'rly’s forces, near Winchester, at 
the crossing of the Opeqtian Greek with tlie Berry ville pike, captured 
2,500 jnisoners, 5 guns, 0 battle-Hags, and completely routed the enemy. 
His dead and W(nmded fell into our hands. Rebel Generals Rhodes, 
Whartuu, Runseur, and Gordon were killed, and Generals Fitzhugh 
Lee, Haines, Ransom, Bradley Johnson, ami Terry wounded. Briga¬ 
dier-General A. D. Russell, commanding a divi.siou in the Otli Corps, wa.s 
killed, and Generals McIntosh, Upton, and Chapman wounded. Our 
loss was severe. The draft in the btutes commenced to-day. Pirates on 
Lake Erie captured steamers Parsons and Island Queen. Six of the 
pirates were overtaken, soon after, by a Government gun-boat. General 
bhelby attacked a small force of Federals, at the Little Black, Missouri, 
killing and wounding 20. 

20th.—Admiral Farragut reports that thus far he has succeeded in re¬ 
moving twenty-one torjiedoes from his jiath to Mobile.' The new Con¬ 
stitution of Louisiana has been ado|)ted by a vote of 6,886 ag.ainst 1,566, 
Governor Jlahn has issued a proclamation declaring it to be the estab¬ 
lished law of the Mate. Early retreated to Fisher’s Hill. 

2Ist.—After the evacuation of Bloomtiehl, South-ea>t Missouri, by Cap¬ 
tain Bells, with two luiiidreil of the 2d Missouri, he was jairsued and at¬ 
tacked near Whitevvater River. Three assaults were made, all of which 
were repulsed. Our loss was 5 killed ami 7 wounded. 

22d.—General Bheridan met the enemy at Pdsher’s Hill, and carried his 
works by gallant charges, taking 16 guns, 8,000 jnisoners, ami thoroughly 
routing hull. He pursued the enemy during the night to Woodstock, 
and there halted his army. Forrest overpowered the small garrison at 
Athens, Tennessee, to-day. His command numbers some 8,ouo. He is 
moving on Fiilaski. Of the 800 men lejiorted captured at Cabin Creek, 
Kansas, about three-fourths have reached Fort bmith in safely. No otti- 
eers were killed or captured. 

28d.—An expedition into Florida, from Pen.sacola, under General As- 
both, captured Euchenna Coiirt-lmu.se, with a number of prisoners. 

24th.—This morning ojjened with heavy cannonading in front of Peters¬ 
burg. 

26th.—Sterling Price’s advance reached Lexington, Mi.ssouri, to-day. 
General Brown, commanding District of Central Missouri, is fortifying 
Jetlerson City. 

26th.—The forces under General Sheridan occupied Staunton, Virginia, 
to-day, and destroyed a large amount of jirojiertv. General Ewing re- 
jmlseii a charge of the enemy, at Pilot Knob,'killing reliel General 
Cabell, an<i 1,500 rank and file. General Ewing afterward blow up Hie 
fort and retreated, having been surrounded. General A. J. Smith evacu¬ 
ated De Soto. Price’s forces are e.stimated at 10,000. Thirty-four Iowa 
and Missouri veteran soldiers were murdered at Centralia, Missouri, by a 
band of guerrillas. Major Johnson, with 150 militia, started in pursuit of 
the guerrillas, who were found ambushed three miles from the town. 


October, 1864.] 


niSTORY OF THE WAR. 


203 


27th.—General A.'thoth captured Marianna, West Florida, taking 81 
pri-^ioners, a Brigadier-General, and otlier officers, a large quantitv of 
Ftores, horses, mules, and cattle. General Ewing arrived at Kolia, Mis¬ 
souri, from Harrison. 

‘28th.—The eiHuny attacked Ferrero’a division at Fort Sedgwick, in 
front of Petersburg^ and w.is repulsed with severe loss. Battle of jN’ew 
Market Hights. 

29th.—Forre.st was repulsed at Pulaski, and afterward burned all the 
bridges between that place and Athens. Tlie lOth and 18th Corps ear¬ 
ned Fort Morris by .storm, eaf)turing 1(> guns and .300 prisoners, after a 
severe and tiloody engagement. (Jeneral llurnhnm was killed and other 
officers wounded. The colored troops of the loth (V>rj)s carried IS'ew 
Market Hights at the point of the bayonet. Nearly 200 were killed and 
a large munl)er wounded. 

30th.—The 5th Corps attacked .and carried the first line of the enemy’s 
intrenchiuents at Preble Farm, near the Weldon Kailroa<l, taking one 
gun, several officers, and filty men; our loss, 120; General Welsh was 
killed. Later in the day, the 9th Corps moved upon the inner works 
and were repulsed, with a los.s of 1,^K) j)risonors and 5o0 killed and 
wounded, the enemy taking advantage of tlie confusion, sallying out be¬ 
tween the two corps. 

October 1, 18tvt. —Heavy skirmishing between A}’er’s divi.sion and the 
enemy’s cavalry; .'^everc loss of the enemy. General Terry, preceded 
b}' Kautz’s cavalry, ivconnoitered to witliiii three miles of I’ichmond, 
north of the James Kiver. "I'he rebels, under Butord, demanded the 
surrender of Huntsville, Alabama, wbicli was refused, and altervvard 
moved otf to Athens, ’I'ennes.-^ee, wiiieh place they attacked at 3 P. M., 
but without eltect. Three thousand rebels, under Forrest in person, ap¬ 
peared near Columbia this morning, but did not attack the ]>lac,e. 

2d.—General Burbridge attacked the enemy oiiles trom Saltville, 
drove him to his works, but was conifielled to rcrire on account of hi.s 
ammunition giving out. An exjK'dition sent ont from Jlodney, Missis¬ 
sippi, capttired at F.ayette fitX) cattle an<i many prisoners. The enemy, 
under Buford, attacked Athens, Alabama, but was hatidsoinely repulsed 
by the garrison of the )4ace. 

3d.— General Sherman's forces crossed the Chatahooehe, with 15 
daj's’ rations, moving toward .Marietta. Lieutenant Meigs murdered by' 
guerrillas, in Shen,an<ioah Valley. A train of ears on the Hannibal and 
St. Joseph Railroad was attacked by guerrillas, pa-ssengers roltl<>d, and 
train burned. Forrest has destroyed the railroad and three bridges be¬ 
tween Spring Hill and Carter’s (h-eek, near Columbia, Tennessee. Gen¬ 
eral Thotnas is concentrating forces to defeat the euetny’s pliuis of re¬ 
treating to the south side of the ']’ennpss<‘e River. 

6th.—Hood attacked our garrison at .Mtoona, Big Shanty, and Aek- 
worth, V)Ut was repulsed witti heavy loss. The enemy elfccted a cross¬ 
ing of the Tenne.ssee at Bainbrklge, a lenw near the upper end of the 
Bhoals. 

6fh.—Forr€.st escaped from General Ronssean at Florence hyrocro.ss- 
ing Tennessee River on flathoats. Successful expedition sent out by 
General Ihuia against Woodville, Iilississippi. General Lee captured 
Clinton, Louisiana. 

7th.—The enemy attacked Geticral Kautz’s cavalry near Chapin’s 
Blutf, captured two batteries, and cniupclle<l our forces to fall back ; the 
ground was afterward recovered, with severe loss ; enemy’s loss, 1,000 in 
Kille(l and pri.soners. Rebel General Gregg was killed; enemy’s dead 
lett on the field. General Pri(;e attacked Jeffer.son City; was repulsed 
and pursued by our lorces. General Sheridan reports, from Woodstock, 
Virginia, to General Grant, that he has destroyed 200 well-filled barns, 
70 mills filled with wheat and corn, herded 4,000 head of stock, and 


204 


HISTORY or THE WAR. 


[October, 1864, 


killed 30,000 sheep for his army. Six hundred and twenty Union ex¬ 
changed prisoners re.ach our lines from Richmond. Pirate Florida cap¬ 
tured at liahia, Bay of San Salvador, by Lb S. steamer Waebnsett, Com¬ 
mander Captain Collins, with 12 othcers and 68 men of the crew, and her 
papers, records, stores, and valuables of her captures. All on board 
were sent to the United States. 

9th.—General Lyon attacked Hopkinsville, Kentuck)', early this morn¬ 
ing, and demanded its surrender, which was refused. After five hours’ 
skirmishing the enemy retreated. General Sheridan’s cavalry, under 
Generals Torbett, Custar, and Nesmith, lought the entire force of the 
enemy's cavalry, under General Kaper; the enemj was sorely beaten, 
driven from the field, and ])ursued 2G miles; 11 pieces of artillery and 
180 men taken, with ambulance and wagon trains. General Rousseau de¬ 
stroyed all the ferry-boats and other means of crossing near the late 
enemy’s crossing on the Tennessee. 

10th.—Colonel Hodge, with 1,200 infantry and four guns, on three trans¬ 
ports, convoyed by two gun-boats, met t'lie enemy under General For¬ 
rest at Eastport ; was repulsed, losing his guns. 40 killed and wounded, 
and two ot his transports disabled. The sieel-built blockade runner 
Bat ca})ture<l by the Montgomery. 

11th.—Colonel Weaver, with 90 colored troops, repulsed an attack of 
200 of the enemy five miles below P'ort Douelson, Tennessee, and killed 
and wounded 27. 

12th.—Colonel Minty’s brigade of cavalry charged the enemy, under 
Roddy, captured all his guns, and juit the whole command to rout. 
Hood demands the surrender of Resaea; the garrison, under Colonel 
"Weaver, 17(h Iowa, rejailsed him. A band of guerrillas attacked a com- 
)>any of colored troojis, at Pine Bluff, near Fort Donelson, and were three 
times repulsed, leaving 40 dead on the field. Longstreet attacked Sher¬ 
idan near Strasburg. No material advantage gained after three hours’ 
fighting. 

13th.—A part of the 10th Corps made a reconnoissance on the Darby- 
town road, meeting and inflicting severe loss on the enemy. Our loss 
was 160 officers and 352 men, killed and wounded. Colonel Johnson, 
44th U. S. colored troojis, surrendered Italton to Hood, who had over¬ 
powering numbers, and the garrison had no hope for relief. 

14tb.—A fiand of guerrillas crosseil the Potomac, entered Poolesville, 
and committed de})redations. The guerrilla. Bill Anderson, entered 
Danville, IMissouri, murdered 5 citizens, burned 18 dwellings, destroyed 
the county records and law office, afterward went to High Hill and 
Florence, burned the railroad property, and plundered the stores. A 
force of militia {uirsued him. killing 15 and wounding 17 of them. 

loth—2,000 lebels, under Jeff Thompson, captured Sedalia, [Missouri, 
after a short resistance, and })lundered the town. Our forces reoccupied 
Ringgold. 

lOtii.—General Sherman captured Fhip Gap, with some prisoners. 

17th.—Price occtipied ].,exington, IMissouri ; General Blunt afterward, 
with 2,000 cavalry, entered, routing I’rice. General Beauregard assumed 
command of the rebels in front of General Sherman. 

18th.— Rebels talk of arming negroes, to be compensated with free¬ 
dom. General Birney died at Philadelphia, Pennsylvania. Price at¬ 
tacked and routed General Blunt at Lexington. General Blunt fell back 
to Little Blue River. 

19th.—General Sheridan’s army was attacked early this A. M.; his left 
was routed, losing 20 guns. General Bheridan, returning from Wash¬ 
ington, heard the roar of battle, rode fast from Winchester, and found 
his army driven back four miles. He quickly united the corps, changed 
position of his forces, and at 3 P. M. attacked the enemy, capturing 43 
guns, prisoners, wagons, caissons, ambulances, etc. The enemy fled ia 


October, 1864.] 


HISTORY OP THE WAR. 


205 


great tumult. Our loss was General Bidwell killed, Generals Grover 
and Ricketts wounded, and a number of other field officers killed and 
woundeci. A band of rebels from Canada entered St. .41bans, 4 ermont, 
robbed .‘3 banks of $150,000, shot 5 men, killing l.and then fled whence 
they came. Rebels recross the 31 issoun River at Brunswick. A large 
Federal fleet arrived off Charleston. 

20th.—Eight of the St. Albans’ raiders have been caught and $50,000 
recovered General Sheridan })ursued Early’s rctrealihg army to 31t. 
Jackson, where he discovered them and scattered them in every diiee- 
tion ; 300 wagons w ere taken ; Early’s w hole loss amounted to about 10,000 
men. 

22d.—Colonel Jamison, with the loth Kansas and a battery of gun.?, 
was attacked at Byron’s Foni, Missouri, and cotn})elled to fall back to¬ 
ward We.'tport. General riea.«anton, with 15,000 men, drove I’rice out 
of Independence and ]:)ursued him, capturing a large number of pris¬ 
oners and guns. About 100 guenilla.s, under Cajitain Taylor, entered 
31armaton, a few miles below I-^ort Scott, at midnight, and murdered 
Colonels Knowles, Brown, Hawkins, 31cGonigle, Shadwick, Stout, and 
3 citizens; burnecf 2 stores, a chttrch, and several residences. 

2;id.—Our forces, under General Curtis, were driven from Westport by 
Shelby, who was afterward attacked and defeated by General Pleas¬ 
anton. 

24th.—Four guerrillas were shot at Louisville, Kentucky, in retalia¬ 
tion for the murder of a mail carrier by Sue .Mundy’s cut-throat gan^. 

2i5th.—General Dutfee captured by guerrillas near 3Ianinsburg, Vir¬ 
ginia. Price defeated near Fort Scott, losing camp equipage, 20 wagons 
of I'lunder, cattle, and 1 gun 

26th.—General Price was again defeated, near Fort Scott, losing 1,500 
pri.soners, 1,000 stand of arms, and 10 guns. Generals Marmaduke and 
Cabell, and a number of Colonels, were among the prisoners. We 
burned 200 of his wagons. A Federal force from Pensacola destroyed 
the town of Milton, Florida, including extensive salt works, and cap¬ 
tured a number ol juisoners. The etnuny ap})eared in force in front of 
Ilecatur, Alabama, and attacked the garrison, but without effect, in¬ 
trenching himself undercover of his fire. 

27th.—New York agents were arrested in Baltimore for forging soldiers’ 
votes. The notoriohs gueirilla, Bill Anderson, and 7 of his men, were 
killed at AlViany, Ray county, 31issouri. A general movement by the 
left flank of the Army of the Potomac commenced this morning; two 
brigades of the 18tli Corps essayed a position of the enemy on the Wil¬ 
liamsburg road, and when within a few Imndred yards of the works the 
enemy opened a cross-fire upon (hem, compelling them to fall hack, 
losing some 3,(KX); rebel loss ahont 1,500. I’rice forced to relreal from 
3Iarais des Cygnes. The enemy at Pecatnr intrenched himself, 
skirmishing eoiitinually. and at night tlrove in our pickets, and estab¬ 
lished his rifle-pits within 500 yanls of the town. Forrest captured 
Gunboat 55, and 2 transports, and burned the steamer Empress at F'ort 
llieman, an earth-work near Pittsburg Landing. 

28th.—The rebel ram Albemarle was destroyed in Roanoke River by 
a torpedo boat, uinler Lieutenant Gushing, of the navy. General Blunt 
defeated Price at New tonia : rebel los.s 4.70; our lo.ss 120. Price w.as pur¬ 
sued. 2,500 rebels, under Colonel Brooks, attacked Fayetteville, .Ar¬ 
kansas, and were repulsed. General Fagan, with some 6,0(io of Price’.? re¬ 
treating forces, Cairo* up and cn(er<*d (lie place, but were jait to rout by 
our forces, iiicler Geiiends Blunt and Curtis. A sortie was ma<le from 
the garrison at Decatur on the enemy’s rifle-pits, which cleared them 
out,’eajituring 120 ]irisoiiers besides killing and wounding a number. 
Colonel ATorgaii, with the 14th U. S. colored troops, carried one of the 
enemy’s batteries just above Decatur; he sjiiked the guns and returned 




206 


HISTORY OF THE WAR. [November, 1804. 


to the latter place, ITood easa 3 'ed to take Pecatnr, but failed to make a 
point. A rebel force, belonging to Buford, look posaeasion of Fort 
Hieinan, on the Tennessee River, last night, masked a battery, and to¬ 
day caj)tured and burned the steamer Mazcppa, laden with govemment 
stores, an)Ounting to some S^OO.OOO. A gunboat saved )>ait of tlie cargo. 
The enemy before Decatur retreated toward Courtland, with the evident 
intention to recross the river, which was ordered to be prevented, if 
possible. 

31st.—The town of Plymouth, North Carolina, was captured bv Com¬ 
mander W. II. INIaeomb, after a severe shelling from the fleet; 100 men 
were landed and stormed Fort Bateman, capturing 200 prisoners ; 40 
})ieces of heavy and 12 })ieces of light artillery were taken; a magazine 
was exploded by one of our shells, and the town fired by the explosion. 
The enemy effected a lodgment on the north side of Ihe'Teunessee, just 
above Florence.' 

November 2, 1864.—Forrest succeeded in planting batteries above 
and below Johnsonville, one of our bases of supplies, completely block¬ 
ading the river with 3 gunboats, 8 transports, and about a dozen barges. 
They attacked the batteries below the place, but were repulsed, after a 
severe contest, but not Irefore recapturing one of the transports, and 
forcing them to destroy Gunboat 55, captured a few days before. 

4th.—The enemy o})ened on the gunboats, transports, .and the town of 
Johnsonville, from the batteries j)lanted on the opj>osite banks of the 
river, to which the boats and artillery gave a brisk response, but the 
boats being soon disabled, were fired, as well as the transjiorts, for tear 
of their falling into the hands of the enemy ; the flames spread from the 
river to the comtnissary stores on the levee and the government build¬ 
ings adjacent; the whole was soon a mass of ruins. The loss to the 
government was $1,500,000, or more. The destruction of propertv' is 
said to have been useless, as the enemy could not have crossed the 
river at that point. 

5th.—Rebels unsuccessfully attack Fort Sedgwick, on the Jerusalem 
Plank Road. Forrest withdrew from near Johnsonville, and crossed the 
Tennessee above that place, and moved off toward Clifton. 

Cth.—General Butler .assumed command of forces in New York “to 
meet existing emergencies.” The enemy attacked the extreme left of 
the Army of the Potomac this afternoon and were repulsed. 

7th.—Arrests of the notorious rebels. Colonel Marm.aduke and others, 
were made in Chicago this morning ; arms and ammunition were 
found secreted by them ; they contemplated the release of the rebel 
])risoners at Camp Douglas, and the burning of the city. Late last 
night the enemy attempted to .surprise our picket line in front of Peters¬ 
burg, .and were disastrously rejnilsed, losing 300. 

8th.— President TJncoln re-elected; Andrew Johnson elected Vice- 
President of the United States. 

9th.— Commencemeiif of General Sherman's Grand March through Geor~ 
gia. —The advance of General .Sherman’s army moved out from Atlanta, 
en route for the sea-coast; the 5th, 14th, 15th, IGth, 17th, and 20th Army 
Corps, with some 10,000 cavalry, under General Kilpatrick, comprised 
this .advancing army. 

10th.—The destruction of manufactories, mills, .and other buildings 
valuable to the enemy was commenced this afternoon in Rome, Geor¬ 
gia. The enemy engaged the 2d Cor|)s jtickets all night, for sever.ab 
nights, without success. Rebel plot to seize Pacific mail steamers at 
Panama discovered. 

llfh.—The steamboat Tulip, of the Potomac Flotilla, exploded her 
boiler; .50 out of 65 persons lost. The last train bound northward left 
Atlanta to-day. All the arsenals, mills, and founderies at Atlanta, and 
between there and Chattanooga, are being destroyed. 


November, 1804.] 


HISTORY OP THE WAR. 


207 


12th.—Important oavalry skirmishes, for several daj's, between Gen¬ 
erals Sheridan and Early. Lomax defeated near Nineveh, Vircinia, by 
General Powell. GeneraN Ciistar and .Merritt made a succesafid recon- 
nois.sance from Cedar Creek. 

14th.—Early this morning General Breckinridge, with a large force, 
turned Bull’s Gaj), Virginia, struck the column of Federal forces under 
General Gilleni, and routed him, with a loss of Jirisoners and a few 
cannon. 

iOth.—A Federal force under Lieutenant-Colonel Sterling, 2d IMaino 
Cavalry, captured a company of rebels while guarding a brnlge in West¬ 
ern Florida. General Sherman left Atlanta with the main body of his 
army, the rear-guard following immediately after. 

17th.—The liombardment of Charleston and Fort Sumter continues 
with steadiness and .severity. General Sherman’s right wing advanced 
on Jonesboro and .McDonough, driving out Wheeler and Cobb. Coving¬ 
ton partly burned by General Slocum's divi.sion. Part of General But¬ 
ler’s picket line captured near Chester's Station. 

18th.—Rebels attacked our forces at Strawtierry Plains, above Knox¬ 
ville, Tennessee, and were repulsed. Macon Railroad cut by Generals 
Slocum and Forsyth. Georgia Legislature fled from Milledgeville. 
General Sherman clo.se at hand. 

1‘Jth.—Ucmulgee River bridged by General Howard. Madison, Geor¬ 
gia eaptureil by General Sherman ; dejiot, etc., burned. 

20th.—General Gillem’s retreating force arrives in Knoxville. General 
Ilow’ard crosses the Ocmulgee and enters Milledgeville. Georgia Central 
Railroad destroyed at Griswoldville. General Howard crossed the 
Oconee, arriving at Greensboro. 

21st.—Two steamers sailed from New' York laden with edibles for a 
Thank.sgiving dinner for the .‘\rmy of the Potom.ac. General Thomas’s 
army at Pulaski. The enemy badly whipped at Liberty, Louisiana, 
losing J guns and 200 prisoners. General Sherman’s cavalry resisted by 
Wheeler at Gordon, but were driven out and the town occupied. 

22(1.—Captain Winslow, of the Kearsarge, had a public recejition at 
Bo.ston, and was pre.sented with a silver service by the citizens. Gen¬ 
eral Sheridan’s cavalry, under Generals Custar, Powell, and Devin, at¬ 
tacked the main infantry army of Early; finding him well intrenched at 
Wood’s Hill, pur cavalry fell back, having obtained all the information 
desired by the reconnoissance; our loss .small. General Thomas tails 
bixck toward Franklin. The enemy shelled General Hatch’s cavalry out 
of Lawreneebiirg, Tennes.see. 

2Jd.—Battle at Griswoldville, Georgia; loss small on either side. Pu¬ 
laski, Athens, Decatur, and Huntsville evacuated by our troops concen¬ 
trating toward Nashville. 

24th.—Potomac, James, and Valley Armies celebrate Thank.sgiving 
with the aid of thousands of turkeys and other delicacies. Shelbyville, 
Kentucky, plundered by guerrillas. A cavalry skirmish ensued between 
Forrest and our forces under General Hatch; the former was driven 
back, with loss. 

2r)th.—Rebels attempt to burn New York; hotels and shipping fired 
with but little success. 

2(>th.—Haskins’s guerrillas routed by 200 of our forces sent out from 
Fort Donelsou and Clarksville. 

27th.—'I'he steamer Greyhound, General Butler’s dispatch boat in the 
James River, was burned”. General Butler, who was on board, barely 
escajied. 

2Sth.—Orders were is.sued for the organization of General Hancock’s 
new volunteer army corjis. 2,000 of the enemy, under General Payne, 
surprised, captured, and burned New Creek Station, on the Baltimore 
gnd Ohio Railroad. 300 rebels repulsed at Piedmont, Virginia, by a 


208 


HISTORY OF THE WAR. [December, 18G4. 


company of the fith West Virginia Infmtry. General Rosser captures 
Fort Kelly, at New Creek, with guns and garrison. 

30th.—Battle of Franklin, Tennessee; Hood repulsed, with loss of 
6,000 men killed and neaily 1,000 prisoners, with guns, flags, ete.; Union 
loss over 2,000. General Thomas resumes his march to Nashville, where 
he halts and fortifies. Battle at Grahamsville, South Carolina. Our 
forces repulsed at Honey Hill, South Carolina. 

December 1, 1804.—General Gregg captured Stony Creek Station, 2 
guns, and 175 prisoners; depots burned with provision, arms, am muni¬ 
tion, etc. Blockade at Norfolk, Fernandina, and Pensacola ceased. 

4th.—General Merritt’s expedition to Loudon Valley returns, having 
stripped the whole section of stock and forage. 

5th.—Block-houses at Murfreesboro unsuccessfully attacked by rebels. 
Last night 13 guerrillas captured a schooner laden with sutler’s stores, 
tile tow-t)oat Lizzie Freeman, and a barge in tow, at Pagan’s Creek, on 
James River. 

Gth.—General Merritt’s cavalry division made a grand r.aid in Loudon 
and Fauquier counties, Virginia', destroying and capturing stock, provi¬ 
sions, grain, barns, mills, etc., to the amount of over $2,56o,(X)U. 

7th.—Electoral colleges in the State.s meet for election of President 
and Vice-President. Detroit, Michigan, threatened by Canadian raiders. 

8th.—Rebels establish a battery on Cumberland River; our gunboats 
fail to dislodge it. General Milrby attacked Forrest’.s cavalry aixl a divi¬ 
sion of Lee’s corps, at Murfreesboro, and routed them, they lo.sing 
nearly 500. 

9th.—500 Indi.ans killed near Fort Lyon, by Colonel Livington’s force. 
Reconnois.sance on Hatcher’s Run. 

11th.—General Sherman within 5 miles of Savannah, Georgia, in full 
line of battle, and has communicated with Admiral Dalilgren’s fleet be¬ 
fore Savannah. 

12th.—General Warren returned from an expedition along the Weldon 
Railroad; starting on the Gth, he marched 50 miles, effectually destroy¬ 
ing 3 railroad bridges. 15 miles of track, an<l burned the town of Sussex 
Court House. General Sherman opened full communication with .Ad¬ 
miral Dahlgren. Rebel General Ijyon captured Hopkinsville, Ken¬ 
tucky, in his raid. The advance of Rear-.Admiral Porter’s expedition 
started for Wilmington. Stoneman’s advance reached .lone.sboro. 

13th.—Battle of Nashville, Tennes.^ee ; about 1,000 killed aixl wounded 
on each side; over 1,0()0 prisoners, IG guns, and several battle flags fell 
into our hands. No ground positively gained or lost. Breckinridge, 
with 3,000 troops, attacked General Gillem near Morristown, routing him, 
and capturing his artillery, (G guns,') and several hundred jnisoners ; the 
remainder of the command e.scaped to Strawberry Plains and Knox¬ 
ville. 

14th.—Considerable artillery firing at Nashville on either side. Gen¬ 
eral Stoneman reached Bristol and captured over 300 prisoners, a rail¬ 
road train of over 200 hogs for Lee’s army, 5 locomotives, and a railroad 
train of stores. 

Battle of Nashville—Second day .—The whole force, under the 
command of General Thomas, was formed ready for action by G A. M., 
according to orders of the day previous. The enemy was surprised at 
our offensive oiieratious. The dilferent commanders of corps made a 
simultaneous attack on the enemy’s whole line, drove him from his po¬ 
sition, routing him thoroughly, capturing 1,201) prisoners, 10 pieces of 
artillery, several thousand small arms, and 40 wagons. Our loss was 
unusually light; the enemy’s killed were left in our hands. General 
Rousseau defeated Forrest at Murfreesboro, who lost 1,.500 men. Gen¬ 
eral Haven captured Fort McAllister, its g.arrison of 200 men, guns, 
Btores, etc.; our loss about CO men. Rear-Admiral Porter’s fleet arrived 


December, 18C4.] HISTORY OF THE WAR. 


209 


at Wilmington. General Stonemnn reached Abingdon; some prisoners 
and murli .'Stores and ammunition were captured. General Gillem, with 
a part of the same force, drove Vaughn 29 mile.s to Wj thesville, cap¬ 
turing 3(X) prisoners, some artillery, and a wagon train with ammunition 
and stores. 

10th.—General Thomas’s forces continued in pursuit of the enemy 
toward Franklin to his lines formed during the night at Overton’s 
Hill, about 5 miles south of Nashville; his lines were assaulted at 3 
P. M., and, after some hard fighting, they were broken an<l the enemy 
fled precipitately; we took about 3,^K) prisoners, over 200 being officers, 
and 40 pieces of artillery, and thousands of small arms ; the enemy 
abandoned all his dead and wounded. 

17th.—Our forces, still lairsuing Hood, arrived at Franklin where we 
continued to drive them ; 1,800 of the enemy’s wounded and 2uo of ours 
were taken at that hospital ; and 400 pri.^oners, 3 guns, and 5 battle 
flags were captured. The enemy fle<l toward Columbia, w here they tried 
to rally, but were forced again to retreat, leaving their artillery—a full 
battery; their w hole command seemed to bo .scattered in all direction.s. 

18th.—General Thomas’s forces still drive Hood, who did not make a 
stand this day ; he rea< hed a point within a few milesof Columbia. Gen¬ 
erals Merritt and Powell start on their raid from Winchester through 
Chestt'f Ga}>, fSperryville, and Madison Court House towani Gordons- 
ville, and after several days, destroying every thing of value to the en¬ 
emy that was i>o.'-sible, safely returned to Winchester, with but littlo 
loss. General Burbridge, in leaving Wythesville, met Breckinridge at 
Marion, and was repulse<l, but (ieneral Gillem coming up, retrieved the 
fortunes of the day, capturing U guns, 200 pri.soners, 93 wagons, and 
Breckinridge’s own head-quarters, driving that General back on Mt. 
Airy. Hardee evacuated Savannah, at night, toward Charleston. 

20th—General Stoueman entered Saltville and de.droyed all the salt 
works and machinery; buildings were burned and totally destroyed; 
immen.se amounts of salt were trampled in the mud. These salt works 
were among the largest in the world, turning out over 5,000 bushels }ier 
day. This raid was among the most successful of tho war; 11 found- 
eries, 90 flouring mills and saw mills, 30 bridges, 13 locomotives ami 100 
cars were tiestroyed; 20 pieces of artillery, several thousand head of 
stock, 9iH) prisoners, and several hundred negroes captured. The whole 
damage to the enemy was some 5^2,000,000. They marched 4(d inilcB in 
18 days. Our forces continued to follow up Hood, who was still making 
southward. 

21st.— General Sherman entered Savannah, receiving its surrender 
from the JMayor. The captures included 800 prisoners, 15(t guns, 13 loco¬ 
motives in good order, 190 cars, large amounts of material of war, 3 
steamers, and 33,000 bales of cotton, safely stored. Our whole loss in the 
siege was less than 400. Thus ended the greatest movement of this 
war, and one of the greatest the world ever knew. 

24th.—Rear-Admiral Porter opened fire on Fort Fisher, and torpedo 
boat Louisiana explode<l near the fort with no damage to the fort. The 
land forces, under General Butler, not co-operating, the attack was given 
up. The blame, probably, rests on General Butler, as he was relieved 
from duty some days thereafter. 

25th.—General Thomas’s advance was 21 miles south of Columbia, still 
in pursuit of Hood. Up to this time, from the battle of Franklin and 
Nashville, the enemy’s losses have been about 15,0U0 men, including 7 
general officers, and nearly 1,009 other officers of all grades, 72 cannon, 
and 32 battle flags. Our own loss will not exceed 10,000 in killed, 
wounded, and missing. Bombardment of Fort Fisher continued all 
day, under cover of which a portion of our troops landed and captured 
the outer fort, but were forced to retreat. 


210 


HISTORY OF THE WAR. 


[January, 1865, 


27th.—General Grierson struck the Mobile and Ohio Railroad 5 miles 
below Corinth, and had to this date utterly destroyed it below Okalona ; ' 
29 biidges, a great deal of trestle-wrrk, 32 cars, 300 army wagons, and ^ 
4,000 carbines were destroyed at ditferent ]daces. 

28th.—Hood recrossed the Tennes.see River at Bainbridge, with all his i 
remaining forces, which caused our worn-out forces to halt and rest. The 
road froth Pulaski was strewn with abandoned wagons, small arms, etc., 
showing the disorder of the enemy’s retreat. 

31st.—Colonel N. J. Painter, with a cavalry force, destroyed Hood’s 
pontoon train of 200 wagons and 78 boats, near Russellville, Alabama. 

January, 1, 1805.— N. J. Palmer, with a cavalry force, sur|)rised and 
captured a supply train of 110 wagons and 500 mules; the former were 
burned and the latter shot or sabered. 

Cth.—The transport fleet under General Terry left Fortress Monroe for 
a second attack on Fort Fisher. ^ 

8th.—General Terry arrived at Beaufort, North Carolina, and arranged 
with Rear-Admiral Piirter the attack on Fort Fisher. 

11th.—.V party of Ro.s.ser’s division suriui.sed and captured our gar¬ 
rison and 400 men, and carried the town of Beverly, Virginia, and burned 
the bridge. The attack was maile at 3 o’clock in the morning; the | 
pickets were only stationed 300 yards from the camp. 1 

12th.—Rear-Admiral Porter’s fleet of 52 vessels, of all classes, 531 
guns, sailing in 3 columns, left Beaufort, North Carolina, for Fort Fisher, [ 
arriving off Half Moon Battery about 11 o’cloidv tliat night. 

13lh.— Attack on Fort Fiaher. —Admiral Porter’s fleet formed a line of 
battle at early dawn. Line No. 1 took position near the beach to land 
troo})S, and lines Nos. 2 and 3, anchoring just outside the reserves tak¬ 
ing charge of the provision vessels. At 8 A. M. the iron-clads, 5 in num¬ 
ber, got into position about 1,U0U yards from the. fort and opened fire 
deliberately; the troops lauded before 3 P. 31. Lines Nos. 1 and 2 went ' 
in on the attack at 4 P. M., and bombarded the fort until after dark, 
when the wooden vessels were orderetl to haul out and anchor; the 
monitors and ironsides kej-t up firing, at intervals, all night ; the eneiuy 
had ceased to lire before dark, and kept in his bomb-juoofs; the most 
of his guns on the sea front were dismounted or destroyed, and the 
greater portion of the fort, at that point, was reduced to a crumbling 
condition. 

14th.— Attack on Fort Fisher—Second dot/. —All the small gunboats car¬ 
rying 11-inch guns, were ordered in to try to dismount all the guns on 
the face of the work where the assault was to be made by the sailors. 
The attack lasted from 1 P. M. until after dark, and one vessel tired at 
intervals all night. General Terry went aboard of Admiral Porter’s flag¬ 
ship to' arrange the plan of battle for the next day. 2,0U0 sailors were 
landed to assault the sea-face, armed with cutlasses and revolvers and 
sotne with Sharji’s rifles. They liug rifle-pits under cover of the fleet’s 
guns; there was a perfect understanding between General Terry and 
Rear-.\dmiral Porter as to the signals and the whole, arrangement of 
attack. Colonel N. J. Palmer, at night, surprised the camp of the rebel 
cavalry under Lyon, at Red Hill, Alabama, who had been up in Ken¬ 
tucky, and captured his last piece of artillery and most of his eommauil, 
including Lyon himself, who was in bed at the lime; having obtained 
jiermissi'on to dress himself, he watched his (diance, .snatched a pistol 
from his bed, shot his guard, and eseafied in the d.arkness. 

15th.— Attack on Fort Fisher—Third day. —The squaiiron reached posi¬ 
tion for attack in 3 lines, at 11 A. M., and opened fire as soon as an¬ 
chored; the enemy’s upper battenes opened tire with some effect, but 
were eventually silenced, so no vessel was disabled by their tiro. At 
3 P. M. the signal was given by General Terry for the tte'et to change di¬ 
rection of their fire so that the troops could commence their assault oa 


February, 1865.] 


HISTORY OF THE WAR. 


211 


the land side ; the ves.sel.s changed their fire to the upper hattcrie.s ; all 
the steam whistles were hlowii, amt the troops and sailors d.a.shed ahead, 
eacli trying to gain the parafiets tirst. 'i'he mariners were to have held 
the ritte-pifs to cover the hoanling party ot the .sailors, which they failed 
to do, so th.at the head of their column rect'ived a murderous tire of 
grape and canister, and were (oreed to retreat with severe loss ; in the 
mean time the troops were successful on their side. The enemy, seeing 
.so large a bo<l)’ of men coming at them from the sea side, supposed that 
it was the main attack, ami concentrated the largest part of their forces 
at that point; but when the retxds were giving three cheers, thinking 
they had gained the day. they received a volley in their rear from tho 
troops who had gained the highest jiarapet, who went in on a hand to 
hand fight, and gained in one hour five or si.v traverses, which are im¬ 
mense bomb-pioofs; the fighting lasted untd 10 P. JI. The vessels jne- 
vented reinforcements reaching the fort by throwing .shells continu¬ 
ally beyoiid our lines. Success after success was followe<l up, carrying 
the whole line of works and batteries, capturing some 400 prisoners. 
About 12 o’clock, midnight. General Whiting and Colonel Lamb, both 
wounded, surremlered w ith the balance of the garrison, about l,4tK) men, 
to Captain R. W. Dawson, Assistant Inspector-General. Our lo.ss in 
killed, wounded, anil missing, including the explosion in Fort Fislier, is 
about 60tt in the navy and 900 in the army. ,So fell the most formidable 
fort ever taken in the world. 

loth.—The magazine of Fort Fisher exploded, killing 300 of our gar¬ 
rison just filaeed there. FortSmilh, near Wilmington, evacuated. The 
enemy blew up Forts Caswell and Camiibell, and abandoned the w’Orks 
on Smith’s Island and at Smithville and Reeves’ Point, leaving 1G2 guns 
of ail calibers. 

17th.—General Sherman’s army started from Savannah, Georgia, north¬ 
ward, in 3 columns, 1 tovvanl Cliarleston, South Carolina, and the other 
2 by ditferent roads toward Branchville, South Carolina. 

18th.—General Paine reconnoitered, in force, toward Wilmington from 
Fort Fisher, and after a slight skirmish fell back to his intrenchments. 

PJth.—Four fine steamers, blockade runners, captured at Wilmington, 
having run into the river beJore hearing the news of the fall of Fort 
Fisher. Colonel I’aine again re<-onnoitered toward Wilmington, in force; 
had a heavy skirmish, and withdrew. 

23d.—A fleet of 5 or G ironclads, etc., attempted to run down the river 
to City Point, Virginia, but were mostly grounded on obstructions ; one 
was demolished and others damaged by our guns at the fort before they 
witlidrew. General Williams’s 20th Corps of isherman’s army, reached 
Pereysburg, South Carolina, after marching through mud and water 
from Savannah. 

31st.—Marching orders were given to the 2d, 5th, Gth, and 9th Army 
Corps of Giant’s army for a grand movement tosvara Hatcher's Run, 
and orders for heavy artillery firing in front of Petersburg, to cover our 
preparations. 

Fkbkuauy 1, 18G5.—General Sherman’s whole army is advancing rap¬ 
idly northward. 

3d.—Heavy cannonading still continued on Petersburg, covering our 
movements on Hatcher's Run. 

4th.—About 3,Ui)0 troops .sent by General Sherman from Sav.annah, 
Landed on James l.sland about two miles from Cliarleston, and bad some 
skirmishing; the land forces are steadily approaching Cliarleston. 

5th.—The advance on Hatcher’s Run commenced; General Warren’.s 
5th Corps and Gregg’s cavalry division led the adv.ance ; the 2d, Gth, and 
flth following; they went through Ream’s Station to Dinwiddle Court 
House, capturing .some prisoners, wagons, and destroying some provi- 
Bions; crossing Hatcher’s Run at the Vaughan road, they carried the 


212 


HISTORY OF THE WAR. 


[February, 1866, 


works of the enemy with but slight loss; earthworks were thrown up, 
and the enemy made several unsuccessful attacks to drive us from our 
position. Barnwell, South Carolina, burned by General Sherman’s 
forces. 

Cth.—Positions being taken around Hatcher’s Run, a sharp contest re¬ 
pulsed a reconnoissance of the enemy. A general engagement of more 
or less intensity along our whole line, the enemy testing our strength 
and we moving forward to the be.st jiositions. A jiart of our forces were 
driven back, with considerable loss in killed and wounded. 

7th.—The contest at Hatcher’s Run was very severe to-day; the 
force.s were about equal, tmt the enemy knew the ground the best. Our 
forces were driven back to their intrenchmenfs thrown up the first day. 
Our loss in killed, wounded, and missing, in the whole affair, up to to¬ 
day, is about 2,000; enemy’s loss sufiposed to be 3,000, or more. 

8th.—Our forces were busy extending and strengthening their in- 
trenchments, which gave them a permanent line to the lower part of 
Hattdier’s Run. Heavy artillery engagements at different points all 
along the line. South Carolina Railroad thoroughly broken up between 
Aiken and Reeves. Battle of Kinston, ISoith Carolina; our loss l,o00 
men and 3 gun« ; the enemy’s loss much smaller. 

10th.—From 3,000 to 4,000 of General Gilmore’s command effected a 
lodgment on James Island, about 3 miles south-west of Charleston. 
Skirmishers were thrown forward ; some mortar-boats and ironclads 
covered their advance, shelling them in their rifle-pits, which were soon 
taken, with their dead and wounded, and some prisoners, the enemy 
retiring to his main works. Second as.sault at Kinston, North Carolina; 
we took .some jnisoners; our loss was WK), the enemy’s over 2,000. 

11th .—Siege of H i/wu/gtox.—General Terry moved his forces up the 
peninsula toward Wilmington, Admiral Porter’s fleet co-operating in the 
advance, throwing shells m front of the land lorces and into the in¬ 
trench ments. The enemy’s pickets were driven into Itlasonboro, and 
afterward the w'orks and then some prisoners were cajitured. Branch- 
ville. South Carolina, evacuated. 

12th.—Branchville, South Carolina, occupied by a part of General Sher¬ 
man’s forces. 

13th.— General Schofield occupied Kinston, North Carolina, after 
heavy fighting since the first assault. 

17th.—Charleston, South Carolina, evacuated last night, after having 
been fired in many }>laces by the enemy, burning railroad bridges, sev¬ 
eral thousand bales of cotton, arsenals, quarter-masters’ stores, 2 iron¬ 
clads and some vessels in the navy-yard. A building containing a large 
quantity of rice and 2(X) kegs of janvder was fired, aird as the poor of tlie 
city were trying to save the rice, the powder explo<led, killing and mu¬ 
tilating about KKl of diem. About two-thirds of the place was destroyed 
by fire, and had it not been for our troops, it must have all burned where 
it was built anyways comj>act. The whole city is a mass of ruins; a 
few poor jieople only remain, and they nearly' starved. At 9 o'clock 
A. M., the identical flag that General Anderson hauled down, once more 
streamed from the parapet of Fort Bumter; 2,1)00 of the enemy’s de¬ 
serters, who were concealed, were captured by us. The mam force of 
the enemy at Charleston, about 14,000, moved oflf northward. General 
Bchofield advanced from Bniithville toward Fort Anderson with 8,000 
men; at the same time Admiral Porter’s fleet shelled the works biiskly. 

18th.— Columbia, Bouth Carolina, evacuated. General ‘Bhernian’s 
fon'es entered and destroyed the public jiroperty, the depots and ar¬ 
senals were blown u}), and the buildings in the suburbs containing the 
public stores were fired. Owing to a high w inif, some piles of cotton, 
then some arljoining buildings took fire, which communicated the fire 
to the business portion of the city, which was soon reduced to ashes. 





February, 1865.] 


HISTORY OF THE WAR. 


213 


General Sherman’s advanee reached Camden, Sotith Carolina. At 9 
o’clock A. M. the city of Charleston, with Fort Sumter, Fort Jloultrie, 
Castle Pinckney, and all its defensive works, and all their contents, were 
surrendereii to Major-tioneral Gillmore by Major JIachetii. Larjje quan¬ 
tities of fine ammunition, 45ii jiieces of'fi;ood artillery, 8 locomotives, 
besides other rolling stock, all in good condition, and over 4,000 jnis- 
oners were secureil. Admiral Porter moved his fleet nearer Fort Ander¬ 
son, and kept up a heavy filing all day; the enemy’s batteries were 
soon silenced. General Si hofield was arranging to (Uit off the garrison. 
We have lost a number of men by guerrilla cavalry dashes on small 
squads, in the past few days, in the Shenandoah Valley and elsewhere 
in Virginia. 

loth.—Fort Anderson evacuated just before dawn, the rebels taking 
with them some light artillery and all else movable and of value. After 
daylight, some of our troops, who were near by, went in and hoisted our 
flag on the ramparts, when the firing ceased from the vessels, which 
lia<l been kept up at intervals all night; 10 heavy guns, some ammuni¬ 
tion, and 50 pri.soners, were taken. Loss in killed and wounded small 
on eitlier side. The troops pursued the enemy, and the gun-boats 
nioveil up the river. The fort ami collateral works are very strong, nat¬ 
urally and artificially. 

20t'h.—Our troops* following the garrison of Fort Anderson toward 
Wilmington, attacked them in their rear, and routed tliem, taking 2 guns 
and 840 prisoners ; 2oo torpedoes were sent floating down the river from 
Wilmington, but did little damage. A force of small boats were sent 
l)Ut, ami they were sunk with musketry. 

21st.—Our forces reached a point on the opposite side of the river 
from Wilmington w hen the bridges were burning; the rebels, seeing this, 
burned 1,000 bales of cotton and 15,(KH) barrels resin, and prepared to 
evacuate. A party of rebel cavalry dashed into the department head¬ 
quarters at Cumberland, Virginia, and capturerl Major-Generals Crook 
and Kelly and their staffs. The matter is looked on as being rather 
discreditable to their watchfulness. Heavy artillery firing before Peters¬ 
burg, on both sides, with but little effect. 

22d.—Wilmington was evacuated last night, and our forces entered the 
city early this morning. General Terry continued to follow the enemy 
iioithwanl ; about 700 prisoners were captured. The entire rebel works 
in and about Wilmington and all the w'ay down the river, 19 forts and 
batteries in all, and the strongest fortified harbor in the world, are in our 
possession; 3 locomotives ami a dozen cars left in our hands, and the 
railroad shops uninjured; 1 ram and 2 transports escaped up the river. 
Our loss, in all, since the capture of Fort Fisher, is not over 200. About 
500 Union pri.«oners were released by our forces. Salutes were fired 
th roughout the land in honor of Washington’s birthday. For several 
days past, salutes have been fired in honor of the recovery of Fort Sum¬ 
ter, as the news reached the re-^pective military and naval points. 

23d.—General' Thomas’s e.xpedition has gone down the Mississippi 
Iliver to New Orleans, w hence they are to go to Mobile, via tlie Gulf. 

27th.-general Slieridan started 6u a cavalry raid from Winchester, 
Virginia. 







APPENDIX, 


In the border slave States, Delaware, Maryland, Kentticky, and Mis¬ 
souri, there was a strong disloyal sentiment. That part of Virginia now 
known as West Virginia, having an area of 20,000 square miles, and a 
population of 334,921, was, in the main, loyal to the Federal government. 
^ The following table will exhibit the value of the real estate and per¬ 
sonal property in the two sections. 


r • 

r. 

California. 

LOYAL 

.$207,874,613 

STATES. 

New York. 

.$1,843,338,517 

Connecticut. 

. 44'1,274,114 

Ohio. 


Delaware. 

. 46,242,181 

Oregon. 


Illinoi.s. 

. 871,860,282 

Pennsylvania. 

. 1,416,501,818 

Indiana. 

. 528,835,371 

Rhode Island. 

135,337,588 

Iowa. 

. 247,338,265 

Vermont. 


Kansas. 

. 31 ,.327,895 

Wisconsin. 

. 273,671.668 

Kentucky. 

Maine. 

. 666,043,112 

. 190,211,600 

Total, States. 

....$10,875,2-'>,618 

Maryland. 

Massachusetts. 

. 376,919,914 

Dist. of Columbia.. 

.. 41,084,945 

Michigan. 


Nebraska T. 


Minnesota... 


New Mexico T. 

Utah T. 


Missouri. 

New Hampshire. 

. 156,310,860 

Washington T. 

5,601,466 

New Jersey. 

. 467,918,324 

Total. 



Alabama.... 

Arkansas... 

Florida. 

Georgia. 

Loui.siana.. 
Mississippi 


SECEDED 

,...$495,237,078 
.... 219,256,473 
.... 73,101 ,.500 
.... 645,895,237 
.... 602,118,568 
.... 607,324,911 


STATES. 

North Carolina. 
South Carolina, 

Tennessee.. 

Texas.. 

Virginia.. 

Total. 


...$.358,739,399 
... 548,138,754 
.... 493,903,892 
... 36.5,200,614 
.... 79.3,249,681 

,$5,202,176,107 


4 • 
















































APPENDIX, 


THE ARMY. 


At the fall of Fort Sumter, the loj'al States, with a population of 
22.iK)fl,000, had an .Irmy consisting of 19 regiments, \rlth 2 corps of engi¬ 
neers, numbering in all not over 14,000 effective men. At ttiis date our 
Army and Navy number more than those of any nation since the world 
began. 

The following table will exhibit the number of men furnished by each 
State since the commencement of the war. It is compiled from the 
latest official reports and statements, and exhibits, as nearly as can pos¬ 
sibly be ascertained, the number on the 1st of January, 1865: 


Maine=^. 47,360 

New Hampshire. 24,607 

Vermont. 26,940 

TVlassachusettsf.108,146 

Ivhodc Island J. 2;),825 

(.'onnectii-utp. 42,789 

New Yorlc....292,982 

New Jersey. .39,402 

Pennsylvania.259,047 

J)ela\\are . 7,5()1 

]M ary I a lid. 22,151 

West Virginia. 27,107 

Kentucky. 51,945 

Tennessee. 29 ,WK) 

Missouri. ,59,108 

Ohio?.340,032 

Indiana.201,078 

Illinois.197,360 


Wi.sconsin. 59,031 

Mich 
Iowa 


Kansas . 21,806 

^Minnesota. 21,442 

Oregon . 1,076 

California. 14,705 

Washington T. 1,370 

Nebraska T. 5,000 

Dakota T. 750 

Nevada T. 400 

Colorado T. 4,070 

Dist. of Columbia. 5,100 


Total.2,043,747 


9,100 to navy, 
f 24,500 to navy. 

J 1,900 to navy. 

I 7,050 to navy. 

g 35,000 National Guards in 100 


59,708 ! days’ service included. 


NAVY. 


At the outbreak of the rebellion our navy numbered but 90 vessels, 
all cla.sses, of which not more than four were available for active serv¬ 
ice. The following is a general exhibit of the navy, including vessels 
under construction, December, 1804: 


V DESCRIPTION. 

vessels, 

113 Screw-steamers, especially constructed for naval 

purposes... 

52 Paddle-wheel steamers, especially constructed for 

naval purposes. 

71 Iron-clad vessel.s.i. 

149 Screw-steamers, purchased, captured, etc., fitted 

for naval purposes. 

174 P.a(hne-wheel .steamers, purchased, captured, 

etc., fitted for naval purposes. 

112 Sailing vessels of all classes. 


No. of 
guns. 

1,426 

524 

275 

614 

921 

850 

4,610 


No. of 
tuns, 

169,231 

51,878 

80,596 

60,380 

78,762 

69,549 

610,396 


671 


Total 
















































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